叠前时间偏移技术在淮北某煤矿采区三维地震勘探中的应用与效果
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摘要
淮北某煤矿采区三维地震勘探地质条件极为复杂,区内褶皱、断层构造发育,常规叠后时间偏移处理很难准确成像,给后期资料解释工作带来不利影响。针对这一问题,采用叠前时间偏移技术,结合煤田地震勘探特点,对影响叠前偏移处理质量的关键步骤(预处理、静校正、叠前去噪、时间域速度模型建立)进行了研究,取得了显著效果。利用叠前偏移数据体解释,最终圆满完成了地质任务。本文通过应用实例,说明了煤田地震勘探资料处理利用叠前时间偏移技术对复杂构造成像效果较好,信噪比提高,断点解释更可靠。
The geological conditions of 3D seismic exploration of a coal mine in Huaibei is complex, so conventional poststack time migration is difficult to get true images, that can bring adverse effects to seismic data interpretation. Using prestack time migration technology, combined with characteristics of coal field seismic exploration, we have stutied the key steps (pretreatment, static correction, prestack seismic data denoising , built velocity model of time domain) which impact quality of prestack time migration,and achieved remarkable results. Using pre-stack migration data to interpret, we have successfully completed the task of the geological task finally. The practical application shows that using pre-stack time migration technology is beneficial to complex structure imaging,can improve signal to noise ratio,and make it more reliable to interpret fault points.
The geological conditions of 3D seismic exploration of a coal mine in Huaibei is complex, so conventional poststack time migration is difficult to get true images, that can bring adverse effects to seismic data interpretation. Using prestack time migration technology, combined with characteristics of coal field seismic exploration, we have stutied the key steps (pretreatment, static correction, prestack seismic data denoising , built velocity model of time domain) which impact quality of prestack time migration,and achieved remarkable results. Using pre-stack migration data to interpret, we have successfully completed the task of the geological task finally. The practical application shows that using pre-stack time migration technology is beneficial to complex structure imaging,can improve signal to noise ratio,and make it more reliable to interpret fault points.
引文
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[4] 张颖.三维地震叠前时间偏移处理技术应用与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5) :536～541． Zhang Y.Application and prospect of 3D seismic prestack time migration processing technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(5) :536～ 541．
[5] 马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :294～300． Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The new progress of seismic forecast technology of subtle traps[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(1) :294～300．
[6] 樊卫花,杨长春,等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :836～842． Fan W H,Yang C C,et al.Application of prestack time migration for three dimensional seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(3) :836～842．
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[10] 麻三怀,杨长春,孙福利,等.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在复杂构造带地震资料处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :754～760． Ma S H,Yang C C,Sun F L,et al.Application of kirchhoff PSTM to seismic data of complex structure[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(3) :754～760．
[11] 陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨[J].油气地球物理,2007,3(5) ,40～44． Chen X R.Discussion on influencing factors of PSTM imaging quality[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2007,3(5) ,40～44．
[12] 滕佃波,汪鹏程,王赟,等.利用叠前Kirchhoff积分偏移识别小断裂与低幅度构造[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1035 ～1038． Teng D B,Wang P C,Wang Y,et al.The identification of small faults and low amplitude structures by utilizing prestack Kirchhoff integral migration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4) :1035～1038．
[13] 王锡文,秦广胜,刘向东,等.叠前偏移技术在中原复杂断块区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1092～1098． Wang X W,Qin G S,Liu X D,et al.The application of prestack migration technique in complex Fault blocks of Zhong yuan oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1092 ～ 1098．
[14] 张丽艳,刘洋.转换波叠前时间偏移方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1134～1139． Zhang L Y,Liu Y.Overview of prestack time migration for converted wave[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1134～1139．
[15] 陈志德,刘振宽,李成斌.三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙卡洛自动层速度拾取[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2) :246～254． Chen Z D,Liu Z K,Li C B.3D Prestack depth migration velocity analysis and automatic montecarlo velocity picking in depth[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(2) :246～254．
[16] 孟凡冰,等.叠前时间偏移在三维连片处理中的应用实例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(3) :211～215． Meng F B,et al.Application of prestack time migration in data processing for piecing to gether various 3D data sets[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(3) :211～215．
[17] 杨长春,刘兴材,等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3) :409～415． Yang C C,Liu X C,et al.A methodology for seismic prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(3) :409～415．
[18] 王者顺,樊佳芳,王卫江.叠前逐层成像速度建模方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4) :384～387． Wang Z S,Fan J F,Wang W J.Layer by layer prestack imaging velocity model building and application[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2004,43(4) :384 ～ 387．
[19] 方伍宝,周腾,袁联生,等.叠前深度偏移在复杂地区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(1) :68～71． Fang W B,Zhou T,Yuan L S,et al.Application of prestack depth migration in complex areas[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2003,42(1) :68～71．
[20] 胡英,张研,陈立康,等.速度建模的影响因素与技术对策[J].石油物探,2006,45(5) :503～507． Hu Y,Zhang Y,Cheng L K,et al.Influencing factors and technical strategies for velocity modeling[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2006,45(5) :503～507．
[21] 何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗,等.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :167～172． He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q,et al.Methodology of establising velocity field and velocity variant depth Mapping[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1) :167 ～ 172．
[22] 李来林,何玉前,陈颖,魏大力,谢春临.叠前偏移技术在大庆探区的应用效果分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6) :612～616． Li L L,He Y Q,Chen Y,et al.The application result of prestack migration in the Daqing area[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2005,44(6) :612～616．
[23] 杜向东,翁斌,刘军荣,等.TI介质偏移速度建模研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :538～545． Du X D,Weng B,Liu J R,et al Migration velocity modeling strategies of TI media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2) :538～545．
[24] 叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐,张辉,徐秀刚,李栋.双复杂条件下带误差补偿的频率空间域有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :136～145． Ye Y M,Li Z C,Tong Z Q,Zhang H,Xu X G,Li D.Xwfd pre-stack depth migration based on dual-complexity with error compensation correction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1) :136～145．
[25] 杨其强,张叔伦.最小二乘傅立叶有限差分偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :433～437． Yang Q Q,Zhang S L.Least-squares Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :433～437．
[26] 麻三怀,杨长春,韩晓丽,李波涛.采集脚印分析和处理方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :500～507． Ma S H,Yang C C,Han X L,Li B T.The review of methods of acquisition footprint analysis and processing[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :500～507．
[2] 马在田.三维地震勘探数据处理的问题及其解决方法[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(1) :99～107． Ma Z T.On the problems of 3D seismic data processing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1988,31(1) :99 ～ 107．
[3] 马在田.三维地震勘探数据处理的问题及其解决方法[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(1) :99～107． Ma Z T.On the problems of 3D seismic data processing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1988,31(1) :99 ～ 107．
[4] 张颖.三维地震叠前时间偏移处理技术应用与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5) :536～541． Zhang Y.Application and prospect of 3D seismic prestack time migration processing technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(5) :536～ 541．
[5] 马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :294～300． Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The new progress of seismic forecast technology of subtle traps[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(1) :294～300．
[6] 樊卫花,杨长春,等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :836～842． Fan W H,Yang C C,et al.Application of prestack time migration for three dimensional seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(3) :836～842．
[7] 王秀荣.叠前时间偏移技术在煤田地震资料处理中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(5) :47～48． Wang X R.Application of prestack time migration technology in coalfield seismic data processing[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(5) :47～48．
[8] 滕吉文,张雪梅,杨辉.中国主体能源--煤炭的第二深度空间勘探?开发和高效利用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :972 ～992． Teng J W,ZHang X M,Yang H.Exploration and exploitation in second deep space of crust interior and high efficient utilization of the major energy--coal resource in China[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4) :972～992．
[9] 李素华,王云专,范兴才,等.模型正演技术在兴城地区叠前深度偏移中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1216～ 1222． Li S H,Wang Y Z,Fan X C,et al.Application of forward modeling technique prestack depth migration in Xingcheng area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4) :1216～1222．
[10] 麻三怀,杨长春,孙福利,等.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在复杂构造带地震资料处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :754～760． Ma S H,Yang C C,Sun F L,et al.Application of kirchhoff PSTM to seismic data of complex structure[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(3) :754～760．
[11] 陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨[J].油气地球物理,2007,3(5) ,40～44． Chen X R.Discussion on influencing factors of PSTM imaging quality[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2007,3(5) ,40～44．
[12] 滕佃波,汪鹏程,王赟,等.利用叠前Kirchhoff积分偏移识别小断裂与低幅度构造[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1035 ～1038． Teng D B,Wang P C,Wang Y,et al.The identification of small faults and low amplitude structures by utilizing prestack Kirchhoff integral migration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4) :1035～1038．
[13] 王锡文,秦广胜,刘向东,等.叠前偏移技术在中原复杂断块区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1092～1098． Wang X W,Qin G S,Liu X D,et al.The application of prestack migration technique in complex Fault blocks of Zhong yuan oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1092 ～ 1098．
[14] 张丽艳,刘洋.转换波叠前时间偏移方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1134～1139． Zhang L Y,Liu Y.Overview of prestack time migration for converted wave[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1134～1139．
[15] 陈志德,刘振宽,李成斌.三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙卡洛自动层速度拾取[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2) :246～254． Chen Z D,Liu Z K,Li C B.3D Prestack depth migration velocity analysis and automatic montecarlo velocity picking in depth[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(2) :246～254．
[16] 孟凡冰,等.叠前时间偏移在三维连片处理中的应用实例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(3) :211～215． Meng F B,et al.Application of prestack time migration in data processing for piecing to gether various 3D data sets[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(3) :211～215．
[17] 杨长春,刘兴材,等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3) :409～415． Yang C C,Liu X C,et al.A methodology for seismic prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(3) :409～415．
[18] 王者顺,樊佳芳,王卫江.叠前逐层成像速度建模方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4) :384～387． Wang Z S,Fan J F,Wang W J.Layer by layer prestack imaging velocity model building and application[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2004,43(4) :384 ～ 387．
[19] 方伍宝,周腾,袁联生,等.叠前深度偏移在复杂地区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(1) :68～71． Fang W B,Zhou T,Yuan L S,et al.Application of prestack depth migration in complex areas[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2003,42(1) :68～71．
[20] 胡英,张研,陈立康,等.速度建模的影响因素与技术对策[J].石油物探,2006,45(5) :503～507． Hu Y,Zhang Y,Cheng L K,et al.Influencing factors and technical strategies for velocity modeling[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2006,45(5) :503～507．
[21] 何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗,等.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :167～172． He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q,et al.Methodology of establising velocity field and velocity variant depth Mapping[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1) :167 ～ 172．
[22] 李来林,何玉前,陈颖,魏大力,谢春临.叠前偏移技术在大庆探区的应用效果分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6) :612～616． Li L L,He Y Q,Chen Y,et al.The application result of prestack migration in the Daqing area[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2005,44(6) :612～616．
[23] 杜向东,翁斌,刘军荣,等.TI介质偏移速度建模研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :538～545． Du X D,Weng B,Liu J R,et al Migration velocity modeling strategies of TI media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2) :538～545．
[24] 叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐,张辉,徐秀刚,李栋.双复杂条件下带误差补偿的频率空间域有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :136～145． Ye Y M,Li Z C,Tong Z Q,Zhang H,Xu X G,Li D.Xwfd pre-stack depth migration based on dual-complexity with error compensation correction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1) :136～145．
[25] 杨其强,张叔伦.最小二乘傅立叶有限差分偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :433～437． Yang Q Q,Zhang S L.Least-squares Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :433～437．
[26] 麻三怀,杨长春,韩晓丽,李波涛.采集脚印分析和处理方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :500～507． Ma S H,Yang C C,Han X L,Li B T.The review of methods of acquisition footprint analysis and processing[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :500～507．
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