三维地震技术在地质研究方面的应用
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摘要
近年来三维地震技术在地质研究方面取得较大进展,涉及沉积学、构造分析、水岩相互作用及火成岩地质等多个方面。三维地震分辨率及解释水平的不断提高,在平面上可以刻画古陆地和海底地貌的形成过程以及沉积体系的空间展布,从而促进了地震地貌学和地震沉积学学科的形成。与二维地震资料相比,三维地震资料能够揭示更加复杂的断层几何学特征,利用属性相干技术可以识别小尺度断层。此外三维地震技术还广泛应用于水岩相互作用的研究,如上千米长的泄气构造、成岩作用的空间各向异性等。运用三维地震技术对火成岩体分布与成因的研究也取得了一些新进展。今后三维地震技术在地球物理解释领域还有很大的发展空间,将继续推动对地质过程及其产物的研究。
The recent advances of 3D seismic technique applied in geology study were reviewed.The achievements in the study of the sedimentology,structural analysis,fluid-rock interaction and igneous geology were summarized.Because 3D seismic resolution and interpretation technology are enhanced surprisingly,it becomes possible to unravel the evolution processes of paleo-land and seascapes,which spurred the definition of new geological sub-disciplines,such as seismic geomorphology and seismic sedimentology.3D seismic data can illustrate more complex characters of fault plane geometry versus 2D seismic data,the smaller scale faults can be described by coherence attribute.3D seismic is widely used on the study of fluid-rock interaction,such as 1 000 m-long gas blow-out pipes,and the spatial variability of diagenetic fronts,etc.There are some novel discovers on the distribution and genesis of igneous system by using 3D seismic technology.The future development potential of 3D seismic technique applied in the field of geophysical interpretation is great.The promotion of 3D seismic technique for the research of geological processes and products has a good potential.
The recent advances of 3D seismic technique applied in geology study were reviewed.The achievements in the study of the sedimentology,structural analysis,fluid-rock interaction and igneous geology were summarized.Because 3D seismic resolution and interpretation technology are enhanced surprisingly,it becomes possible to unravel the evolution processes of paleo-land and seascapes,which spurred the definition of new geological sub-disciplines,such as seismic geomorphology and seismic sedimentology.3D seismic data can illustrate more complex characters of fault plane geometry versus 2D seismic data,the smaller scale faults can be described by coherence attribute.3D seismic is widely used on the study of fluid-rock interaction,such as 1 000 m-long gas blow-out pipes,and the spatial variability of diagenetic fronts,etc.There are some novel discovers on the distribution and genesis of igneous system by using 3D seismic technology.The future development potential of 3D seismic technique applied in the field of geophysical interpretation is great.The promotion of 3D seismic technique for the research of geological processes and products has a good potential.
引文
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[2]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587.Zhang Jinduo.Present status and future trend of seismic data in-terpretation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):578-587.
[3]Lamers E,Carmichael S M M.The Paleocene deepwater sand-stone play West of Shetland[G]∥Fleet A J,Boldy S A R.Petro-leum geology of Northwest Europe:Proceedings of the5th Con-ference.London:Geological Society,1999:645-659.
[4]Posamentier H W.Seismic geomorphology:Imaging elements ofdepositional systems from shelf to deep basin using3D seismicdata:Implications for exploration and development[G]∥DaviesR J,Cartwright J,Stewart S A,et al.3D seismic technology:Ap-plication to the exploration of sedimentary basins.London:Geo-logical Society,2004:11-29.
[5]Prather B E.Controls on reservoir distribution,architecture andstratigraphic trapping in slope settings[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2003,20:529-545.
[6]Zeng Hongliu,Hentz T F.High-frequency sequence stratigraphyfrom seismic sedimentology:Applied to Miocene,Vermilio Block50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[7]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-72.
[8]Masaferro J L,Bourne R,Jauffred J C.3D visualization of car-bonate reservoirs[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(1):18-25.
[9]Demyttanaere R A,Sluijk A H,Bentley M R.A fundamental re-appraisal of the structure of the Cormorant Field and its impacton field development strategy[G]∥Parker J R.Petroleum geolo-gy of Northwest Europe:Proceedings from the4th Conference.London:Geological Society,1993:1151-1157.
[10]Walsh J J,Bailey W R,Childs C,et al.Formation of segmentednormal faults:A3-D perspective[J].J.Struct.Geol.,2003,25:1251-1262.
[11]王志君,黄军斌.利用相干技术和三维可视化技术识别微小断层和砂体[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):378-382.Wang Zhijun,Huang Junbin.Identification of micro-fault andsandbody by using coherence technique and3-D visualization[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(3):378-382.
[12]Maltman A.The geological deformation of sediments[M].Lon-don:Chapman&Hall,1994.
[13]Lφseth H,Wensaas L,Arntsen B,et al.1000m long gas blow-outpipes[C]∥63rdEAGE Conference&Exhibition,Amsterdam,2001.
[14]Ligtenberg J H.Detection of fluid migration pathways in seismicdata:Implications for fault seal analysis[J].Basin Research,2005,17(1):141-153.
[15]Davies R J,Cartwright J.A fossilized Opal A-Opal CT transfor-mation on the northeast Atlantic margin:Support for a signifi-cantly elevated palaeogeothermal gradient during the Neogene[J].Basin Research,2002,14(4):467-486.
[16]White R,McKenzie D.Magmatism at rift zones:The generationof volcanic continental margins and flood basalts[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94(B6):7685-7729.
[17]尹兵祥,王尚旭,蔡国钢,等.辽河坳陷黄沙坨油田沙三段粗面岩储层地震预测[J].石油学报,2006,26(3):33-36.Yin Bingxiang,Wang Shangxu,Cai Guogang,et al.Seismic pre-diction of trachyte reservoir in third member of Shahejie Forma-tion in Huangshatuo Oilfield of Liaohe Depression[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2006,26(3):33-36.
[18]Hansen D M,Cartwright J,Thomas D.3D seismic analysis of thegeometry of igneous sills and sill junction relationships[G]∥Da-vies R J J,Cartwright S A,Stewart J R,et al.3D seismic technol-ogy:Application to the exploration of sedimentary basins.Lon-don:Geological Society,2004,29:199-208.
[2]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587.Zhang Jinduo.Present status and future trend of seismic data in-terpretation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):578-587.
[3]Lamers E,Carmichael S M M.The Paleocene deepwater sand-stone play West of Shetland[G]∥Fleet A J,Boldy S A R.Petro-leum geology of Northwest Europe:Proceedings of the5th Con-ference.London:Geological Society,1999:645-659.
[4]Posamentier H W.Seismic geomorphology:Imaging elements ofdepositional systems from shelf to deep basin using3D seismicdata:Implications for exploration and development[G]∥DaviesR J,Cartwright J,Stewart S A,et al.3D seismic technology:Ap-plication to the exploration of sedimentary basins.London:Geo-logical Society,2004:11-29.
[5]Prather B E.Controls on reservoir distribution,architecture andstratigraphic trapping in slope settings[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2003,20:529-545.
[6]Zeng Hongliu,Hentz T F.High-frequency sequence stratigraphyfrom seismic sedimentology:Applied to Miocene,Vermilio Block50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[7]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-72.
[8]Masaferro J L,Bourne R,Jauffred J C.3D visualization of car-bonate reservoirs[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(1):18-25.
[9]Demyttanaere R A,Sluijk A H,Bentley M R.A fundamental re-appraisal of the structure of the Cormorant Field and its impacton field development strategy[G]∥Parker J R.Petroleum geolo-gy of Northwest Europe:Proceedings from the4th Conference.London:Geological Society,1993:1151-1157.
[10]Walsh J J,Bailey W R,Childs C,et al.Formation of segmentednormal faults:A3-D perspective[J].J.Struct.Geol.,2003,25:1251-1262.
[11]王志君,黄军斌.利用相干技术和三维可视化技术识别微小断层和砂体[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):378-382.Wang Zhijun,Huang Junbin.Identification of micro-fault andsandbody by using coherence technique and3-D visualization[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(3):378-382.
[12]Maltman A.The geological deformation of sediments[M].Lon-don:Chapman&Hall,1994.
[13]Lφseth H,Wensaas L,Arntsen B,et al.1000m long gas blow-outpipes[C]∥63rdEAGE Conference&Exhibition,Amsterdam,2001.
[14]Ligtenberg J H.Detection of fluid migration pathways in seismicdata:Implications for fault seal analysis[J].Basin Research,2005,17(1):141-153.
[15]Davies R J,Cartwright J.A fossilized Opal A-Opal CT transfor-mation on the northeast Atlantic margin:Support for a signifi-cantly elevated palaeogeothermal gradient during the Neogene[J].Basin Research,2002,14(4):467-486.
[16]White R,McKenzie D.Magmatism at rift zones:The generationof volcanic continental margins and flood basalts[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94(B6):7685-7729.
[17]尹兵祥,王尚旭,蔡国钢,等.辽河坳陷黄沙坨油田沙三段粗面岩储层地震预测[J].石油学报,2006,26(3):33-36.Yin Bingxiang,Wang Shangxu,Cai Guogang,et al.Seismic pre-diction of trachyte reservoir in third member of Shahejie Forma-tion in Huangshatuo Oilfield of Liaohe Depression[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2006,26(3):33-36.
[18]Hansen D M,Cartwright J,Thomas D.3D seismic analysis of thegeometry of igneous sills and sill junction relationships[G]∥Da-vies R J J,Cartwright S A,Stewart J R,et al.3D seismic technol-ogy:Application to the exploration of sedimentary basins.Lon-don:Geological Society,2004,29:199-208.
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