柴达木盆地西南缘更新统震积岩特征及其意义
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摘要
在柴达木盆地西南缘更新统湖相地层中发现了大量具有震积岩特征的软沉积物变形构造,层内发育有液化砂(泥)岩脉、液化角砾岩、负荷构造、火焰构造、球—枕状构造、液化卷曲变形层等一系列软沉积物变形标志,此外剖面内还发育了大型同震断层、震裂缝、同震褶皱等一系列同震构造变形标志。该区震积岩的发现表明,更新世以来昆仑山北缘及柴达木盆地地区仍处于频繁而强烈的活动状态,通过震积岩层可以更加深入地了解柴达木盆地更新世以来构造活动状况,这对于研究青藏高原隆升及其盆山耦合、古地震活动等都有着十分重要的意义。
A great deal of soft-sediment deformation structures with seismite characteristic were found in the lacustrine strata of the Pleistocene in the southwestern margin of Qaidam Basin.Soft-sediment deformation markers mainly include liquefied sandstone(mudstone) vein,liquefied breccia,load structure, ball-pillow structure,liquefied convolute deformation structure etc.,and the syn-seismic structure deformation markers were also developed including large-scale syn-seismic fault,seismic fissure,syn-fold.The discovery of seismites in the southwestern Qaidam Basin indicates that tectonic movements were frequent and intense since the Pleistocene along the northern margin of the Kunlun Mountain and in the Qaidam Basin. The seismites made it possible to study the tectonic activities since the Pleistocene which has important significance for the study of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,basin-mountain coupling and paleo-earthquakes.
A great deal of soft-sediment deformation structures with seismite characteristic were found in the lacustrine strata of the Pleistocene in the southwestern margin of Qaidam Basin.Soft-sediment deformation markers mainly include liquefied sandstone(mudstone) vein,liquefied breccia,load structure, ball-pillow structure,liquefied convolute deformation structure etc.,and the syn-seismic structure deformation markers were also developed including large-scale syn-seismic fault,seismic fissure,syn-fold.The discovery of seismites in the southwestern Qaidam Basin indicates that tectonic movements were frequent and intense since the Pleistocene along the northern margin of the Kunlun Mountain and in the Qaidam Basin. The seismites made it possible to study the tectonic activities since the Pleistocene which has important significance for the study of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,basin-mountain coupling and paleo-earthquakes.
引文
陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.2003.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义[J].地质科学,38(3):377-384.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,15(4):389-394.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.2001.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D辑),31(4):284-290.
杜远生,Shi G,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-518.
方小敏,李吉均.1998.3.4Ma来青藏高原隆升的阶段性与环境演变.青藏高原晚新生代隆起与环境演变[M].广东广州:广东科技出版社,394-415.
付文利,王艳琴,杨光,等.2004.东营凹陷沙三段、沙四段震积岩研究[J].油气地质与采收率,11(2):6-8.
葛肖虹,刘永江,任收麦.2002.青藏高原隆升动力学与阿尔金断裂[J].中国地质,29(4):346-350.
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李德威.2008.青藏高原及邻区三阶段构造演化与成矿演化[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(6):723-742.
李吉均,方小敏.1998.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,43(15):1569-1574.
李吉均,方小敏,潘保田,等.2001.新生代晚期青藏高原强烈隆起及其对周边环境的影响[J].第四纪研究,21(5):381-390.
路慎强.2006.济阳坳陷古近系碎屑岩地层中震积岩识别标志研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),30(5):8-13.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,68(1):16-32.
乔秀夫.1996.中国震积岩的研究与展望[J].地质论评,42(4):317-320.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中的古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
石亚军,陈武杰,曹正林,等.2009.柴达木盆地西南区震积岩的发现及其引发的勘探启迪[J].地质学报,83(8):1178-1187.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,38(8):609-611.
魏垂高,张士奇,姜在兴,等.2006.东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,24(6):798-805.
吴贤涛,尹国勋.1992.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,10(3):19-24.
夏文臣,张宁,袁晓萍,等.1998.柴达木侏罗系的构造层序及前陆盆地演化[J].石油与天然气地质,19(3):173-180.
杨剑萍,王辉,陈世悦,等.2004.济阳坳陷古近系震积岩特征[J].沉积学报,22(2):281-287.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,22(1):41-46.
Bauerman H.1985.Report on the geology of the country near the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude west of the Rocky Mountains[R].Ge-ological Survey of Canada Report,1-42:1882-1884.
Brain R P.2001.Oceangraphy,bathymetry and syndepositional tectonicsof a Precambrian intracratonic basin:Integrating sediments,storms,earthquakes and tsunamis in the belt supergroup Helena formation,ca.1.45Ga,western north America[J].Sedimentary Geology,141-142:371-394.
Knaust D.2002.Pinch-and-swell structures at the Middle Upper Muschel-kalk boundary(Triassic):evidence of earthquake effects(seismites)in the Germanic Basin[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,91(2):291-303.
Li Dewei.2010.Temporal-spatial structure of intraplate uplift in the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,84(1):105-134.
Rossetti D F,Goes A M.2000.Deciphering the sedimentologyical imprintof paleoseismic events:An example from the Aptian Codo formation,northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:137-156.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded bed interpreted as seismites[J].Sedim-entology,13(1-2):155-159.
Spallctta C,Vail G B.1984.Upper Devonian intraclast parabreccias inter-preted as seismites[J].Marine Geology,55(1-2):133-144.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,15(4):389-394.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.2001.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D辑),31(4):284-290.
杜远生,Shi G,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-518.
方小敏,李吉均.1998.3.4Ma来青藏高原隆升的阶段性与环境演变.青藏高原晚新生代隆起与环境演变[M].广东广州:广东科技出版社,394-415.
付文利,王艳琴,杨光,等.2004.东营凹陷沙三段、沙四段震积岩研究[J].油气地质与采收率,11(2):6-8.
葛肖虹,刘永江,任收麦.2002.青藏高原隆升动力学与阿尔金断裂[J].中国地质,29(4):346-350.
葛肖虹,张梅生,刘永江,等.1998.阿尔金断裂研究的科学问题与研究思路[J].现代地质,12(3):295-301.
李德威.2008.青藏高原及邻区三阶段构造演化与成矿演化[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(6):723-742.
李吉均,方小敏.1998.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,43(15):1569-1574.
李吉均,方小敏,潘保田,等.2001.新生代晚期青藏高原强烈隆起及其对周边环境的影响[J].第四纪研究,21(5):381-390.
路慎强.2006.济阳坳陷古近系碎屑岩地层中震积岩识别标志研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),30(5):8-13.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,68(1):16-32.
乔秀夫.1996.中国震积岩的研究与展望[J].地质论评,42(4):317-320.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中的古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
石亚军,陈武杰,曹正林,等.2009.柴达木盆地西南区震积岩的发现及其引发的勘探启迪[J].地质学报,83(8):1178-1187.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,38(8):609-611.
魏垂高,张士奇,姜在兴,等.2006.东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,24(6):798-805.
吴贤涛,尹国勋.1992.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,10(3):19-24.
夏文臣,张宁,袁晓萍,等.1998.柴达木侏罗系的构造层序及前陆盆地演化[J].石油与天然气地质,19(3):173-180.
杨剑萍,王辉,陈世悦,等.2004.济阳坳陷古近系震积岩特征[J].沉积学报,22(2):281-287.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,22(1):41-46.
Bauerman H.1985.Report on the geology of the country near the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude west of the Rocky Mountains[R].Ge-ological Survey of Canada Report,1-42:1882-1884.
Brain R P.2001.Oceangraphy,bathymetry and syndepositional tectonicsof a Precambrian intracratonic basin:Integrating sediments,storms,earthquakes and tsunamis in the belt supergroup Helena formation,ca.1.45Ga,western north America[J].Sedimentary Geology,141-142:371-394.
Knaust D.2002.Pinch-and-swell structures at the Middle Upper Muschel-kalk boundary(Triassic):evidence of earthquake effects(seismites)in the Germanic Basin[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,91(2):291-303.
Li Dewei.2010.Temporal-spatial structure of intraplate uplift in the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,84(1):105-134.
Rossetti D F,Goes A M.2000.Deciphering the sedimentologyical imprintof paleoseismic events:An example from the Aptian Codo formation,northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:137-156.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded bed interpreted as seismites[J].Sedim-entology,13(1-2):155-159.
Spallctta C,Vail G B.1984.Upper Devonian intraclast parabreccias inter-preted as seismites[J].Marine Geology,55(1-2):133-144.
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