基于GIS的长江三峡水库诱发地震预测数据库构建
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摘要
从系统需求分析出发 ,介绍了可视化的长江三峡水库诱发地震预测数据库构建的主要内容及其实施技术路线 ,划分了国内外典型的诱震震例以及长江三峡地区基础地理、诱震地质环境和诱发地震前兆监测等相关基础信息的主要类型 ,确定了各类信息的数据库结构和数据格式。在此基础上 ,对各类基础图形进行数字化处理 ,建立了可视化的图形数据库 ;通过其相关属性信息的录入或转换 ,建立了各类图形相应的属性数据库 ;利用GIS技术 ,对图形数据库及其属性数据库进行了无缝集成 ,实现了图形数据与其相应属性数据间的可视化交互式查询、浏览、管理和分析。
Reservoir induced earthquake has been one of the most important problems affecting the Yangtze Three gorge project at all times. A large number of data and achievements on this aspect have been accumulated and obtained. However, most of them are stored with paper medium by different institutions and individuals, lacking exchange and sharing. In fact, all these data are of great importance to the assessment and prediction of reservoir induced earthquake. Obviously, the construction of the database system of basic information necessary for the prediction of induced earthquake in the Yangtze Three gorge reservoir area is an urgent task at present. It not only will provide scientific basis for the theoretical research of reservoir induced earthquake, but also can be directly used for monitoring and prediction of induced earthquake in the Yangtze Three gorge area, as well as provide information service for the command of earthquake relief work. In this paper, the contents and technology of visual database for induced earthquake prediction of Yangtze Three gorge reservoir are determined on the basis of the principal requirements for the database system. The basic data and information for the prediction of reservoir induced earthquake are divided into four main categories: samples of domestic and foreign typical reservoir induced earthquake, basic geographical information of the Yangtze Three gorge reservoir area, information about the geological environment and condition of induced earthquake and earthquake precursory information. Referring to the national standards and criterions, and basing upon the practical characteristics of various kinds of information obtained in the Yangtze Three gorge reservoir area, we customize separately the structure and format of data for various types of information. All the basic map data are digitally captured using digital scanning technique, and the visual raster map database is created. Furthermore, most of the raster maps are vectored through screen hand traced, and the visual vector map database is constructed. In addition, the related attribution information are entered and converted, and the corresponding attribution databases of space features are built up respectively. By taking advantage of the mixed data model of GIS, the map data and corresponding attribution data are linked and integrated without seal. Therefore, on the visual database platform, users can not only interactively browse, query, find, identify, display and output the corresponding attribution information of each feature on the map, but also can locate the coordinates of the feature according to its attribution data, which can satisfy the information needs of reservoir induced earthquake prediction. In addition, because all the map data are digitized, a lot of special manipulation, management and analysis, such as map layers overlaying and integration can be carried out visually and easily. Of course, general functions and maintenances of database such as statistics, sorting and report can also be offered by the database system.
Reservoir induced earthquake has been one of the most important problems affecting the Yangtze Three gorge project at all times. A large number of data and achievements on this aspect have been accumulated and obtained. However, most of them are stored with paper medium by different institutions and individuals, lacking exchange and sharing. In fact, all these data are of great importance to the assessment and prediction of reservoir induced earthquake. Obviously, the construction of the database system of basic information necessary for the prediction of induced earthquake in the Yangtze Three gorge reservoir area is an urgent task at present. It not only will provide scientific basis for the theoretical research of reservoir induced earthquake, but also can be directly used for monitoring and prediction of induced earthquake in the Yangtze Three gorge area, as well as provide information service for the command of earthquake relief work. In this paper, the contents and technology of visual database for induced earthquake prediction of Yangtze Three gorge reservoir are determined on the basis of the principal requirements for the database system. The basic data and information for the prediction of reservoir induced earthquake are divided into four main categories: samples of domestic and foreign typical reservoir induced earthquake, basic geographical information of the Yangtze Three gorge reservoir area, information about the geological environment and condition of induced earthquake and earthquake precursory information. Referring to the national standards and criterions, and basing upon the practical characteristics of various kinds of information obtained in the Yangtze Three gorge reservoir area, we customize separately the structure and format of data for various types of information. All the basic map data are digitally captured using digital scanning technique, and the visual raster map database is created. Furthermore, most of the raster maps are vectored through screen hand traced, and the visual vector map database is constructed. In addition, the related attribution information are entered and converted, and the corresponding attribution databases of space features are built up respectively. By taking advantage of the mixed data model of GIS, the map data and corresponding attribution data are linked and integrated without seal. Therefore, on the visual database platform, users can not only interactively browse, query, find, identify, display and output the corresponding attribution information of each feature on the map, but also can locate the coordinates of the feature according to its attribution data, which can satisfy the information needs of reservoir induced earthquake prediction. In addition, because all the map data are digitized, a lot of special manipulation, management and analysis, such as map layers overlaying and integration can be carried out visually and easily. Of course, general functions and maintenances of database such as statistics, sorting and report can also be offered by the database system.
引文
华中科技大学,中国地震局地震研究所,2000,长江三峡工程水库诱发地震预测信息管理与辅助决策系统研究报告。
陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.2000.地理信息系统导论〔M〕.北京:科学出版社.
CHENShu peng,LUXue jun,ZHOUCheng hu.2000.AnIntroductiontoGeographicalInformationSsystem〔M〕.SciencePress,Beijing(inChinese).
国家地震局地震研究所编.1984.中国诱发地震〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.
InstituteofSeismology,StateSeismologicalBureau.1984.InducedEarthquakeinChina〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
李安然,王清云,韩晓光,等.1987.三峡水库诱发地震的总体环境组合条件〔A〕.见:中国科学院三峡工程生态与环境科研项目领导小组编.长江三峡工程对生态与环境的影响及其对策研究论文集.北京:科学出版社.552—556.
LIAn ran,WANGQing yun,HANXiao guang,etal.1987.Theentireenvironmentalconditionsofinducedearth quakeinThree gorgereservoir〔A〕.In:TheLeadingGroupofEcologyandEnvironmentResearchProjectofThree gorgeReservoir,ChineseAcademyofScience(ed).ProceedingsoftheInfluencesofYangtzeThree gorgeProjectontheEcologyandEnvironmentandCountermeasures.SciencePress,Beijing.552—556(inChinese).
李德仁.1999.信息高速公路、空间数据基础设施与数字地球〔J〕.测绘学报,28(1):1—5.
LIDe ren.1999.Informationhighway,spacedatafacilityanddigitalearth〔J〕.ActaGeodeticaetCartographicaSinica,28(1):1—5(inChinese).
马宗晋,张秋文,李安然,等.2001.基于数字流域的水利水电工程诱发地震定量预测与评估〔J〕.水电能源科学,19(3):8—11.
MAZong jin,ZHANGQiu wen,LIAn ran,etal.2001.Quantitativepredictionandassessmentofinducedseis micityriskforhydropowerprojectbasedondigitalvalley〔J〕.InternationalJournalofHydroelectricEnergy,19(3):8—11(inChinese).
虞庭林.1995.水库区地壳稳定性与地震预测研究的途径和方法〔J〕.国际地震动态,5:1—4.
YUTing lin.1995.Thewayandmethodoftheresearchofcrustalstabilityandearthquakepredictioninreservoirarea〔J〕.RecentDevelopmentinWorldSeismology,5:1—4(inChinese).
张秋文,李安然,王清云,等.1998.水库及其周缘地区诱发地震危险性评定的一种模型及其应用〔J〕.地震地质,20(4):361—369.
ZHANGQiu wen,LIAn ran,WANGQing yun,etal.1998.Amodelofwater inducedearthquakeriskassessmentinreservoirareaanditsaroundregion〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,20(4):361—369(inChinese).
张秋文,张勇传,王乘,等.2001.数字流域整体构架及实现策略〔J〕.水电能源科学,19(3):4—7.
ZHANGQiu wen,ZHANGYong chuan,WANGCheng,etal.2001.Frameworkandtechnologyofdigitalvalley〔J〕.InternationalJournalofHydroelectricEnergy,19(3):4—7(inChinese).
GuptaHK ,RastogiBK .1976.DamsandEarthquakes〔M〕.Elsevier,Amsterdam.SimpsonDW ,LeithWS ,ScholzCH .1988.Twotypesofreservoirinducedseismicity〔J〕.BullSeismolSocAm,78:2025—2040.
PengZ ,DouglasD .1997.AnInternet basedGISdataaccesssystem〔J〕.JournalofUrbanandRegionalSystems,20(1):20—30.
ZhangQiu wen,ZhangPei zhen.1998.ApplicationofGIStoseismichazardassessment〔A〕.ProceedingsofInter nationalSymposiumonApplicationofGISandRemoteSensing(RS)toNaturalHazardReduction.Tsukuba,Japan.215—233.
陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.2000.地理信息系统导论〔M〕.北京:科学出版社.
CHENShu peng,LUXue jun,ZHOUCheng hu.2000.AnIntroductiontoGeographicalInformationSsystem〔M〕.SciencePress,Beijing(inChinese).
国家地震局地震研究所编.1984.中国诱发地震〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.
InstituteofSeismology,StateSeismologicalBureau.1984.InducedEarthquakeinChina〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
李安然,王清云,韩晓光,等.1987.三峡水库诱发地震的总体环境组合条件〔A〕.见:中国科学院三峡工程生态与环境科研项目领导小组编.长江三峡工程对生态与环境的影响及其对策研究论文集.北京:科学出版社.552—556.
LIAn ran,WANGQing yun,HANXiao guang,etal.1987.Theentireenvironmentalconditionsofinducedearth quakeinThree gorgereservoir〔A〕.In:TheLeadingGroupofEcologyandEnvironmentResearchProjectofThree gorgeReservoir,ChineseAcademyofScience(ed).ProceedingsoftheInfluencesofYangtzeThree gorgeProjectontheEcologyandEnvironmentandCountermeasures.SciencePress,Beijing.552—556(inChinese).
李德仁.1999.信息高速公路、空间数据基础设施与数字地球〔J〕.测绘学报,28(1):1—5.
LIDe ren.1999.Informationhighway,spacedatafacilityanddigitalearth〔J〕.ActaGeodeticaetCartographicaSinica,28(1):1—5(inChinese).
马宗晋,张秋文,李安然,等.2001.基于数字流域的水利水电工程诱发地震定量预测与评估〔J〕.水电能源科学,19(3):8—11.
MAZong jin,ZHANGQiu wen,LIAn ran,etal.2001.Quantitativepredictionandassessmentofinducedseis micityriskforhydropowerprojectbasedondigitalvalley〔J〕.InternationalJournalofHydroelectricEnergy,19(3):8—11(inChinese).
虞庭林.1995.水库区地壳稳定性与地震预测研究的途径和方法〔J〕.国际地震动态,5:1—4.
YUTing lin.1995.Thewayandmethodoftheresearchofcrustalstabilityandearthquakepredictioninreservoirarea〔J〕.RecentDevelopmentinWorldSeismology,5:1—4(inChinese).
张秋文,李安然,王清云,等.1998.水库及其周缘地区诱发地震危险性评定的一种模型及其应用〔J〕.地震地质,20(4):361—369.
ZHANGQiu wen,LIAn ran,WANGQing yun,etal.1998.Amodelofwater inducedearthquakeriskassessmentinreservoirareaanditsaroundregion〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,20(4):361—369(inChinese).
张秋文,张勇传,王乘,等.2001.数字流域整体构架及实现策略〔J〕.水电能源科学,19(3):4—7.
ZHANGQiu wen,ZHANGYong chuan,WANGCheng,etal.2001.Frameworkandtechnologyofdigitalvalley〔J〕.InternationalJournalofHydroelectricEnergy,19(3):4—7(inChinese).
GuptaHK ,RastogiBK .1976.DamsandEarthquakes〔M〕.Elsevier,Amsterdam.SimpsonDW ,LeithWS ,ScholzCH .1988.Twotypesofreservoirinducedseismicity〔J〕.BullSeismolSocAm,78:2025—2040.
PengZ ,DouglasD .1997.AnInternet basedGISdataaccesssystem〔J〕.JournalofUrbanandRegionalSystems,20(1):20—30.
ZhangQiu wen,ZhangPei zhen.1998.ApplicationofGIStoseismichazardassessment〔A〕.ProceedingsofInter nationalSymposiumonApplicationofGISandRemoteSensing(RS)toNaturalHazardReduction.Tsukuba,Japan.215—233.
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