从岩相古地理看柴达木盆地侏罗系的油气前景
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摘要
在前人研究的基础上,利用20余处露头剖面、150余口钻井剖面和12000 km地震剖面资料,特别是最新的钻探成果,对柴达木盆地侏罗纪的地层和沉积相的展布规律以及岩相古地理进行了重新认识,通过岩相古地理编图,确定了生油凹陷和储集砂体的分布位置,预测了侏罗系油气前景。早、中侏罗世的古气候条件有利于油气的生成,多个古凸起提供的多个物源,有利于储集砂体的形成,确定了辫状河三角洲砂体、滨湖席状砂体、滨浅湖滩坝砂体、河道砂体、浊积扇砂体和近岸水下扇砂体等6种沉积类型和30个有利和较有利的储集砂体。众多半深湖—深湖区提供丰富的油气资源,确定了8个大小不等的生油凹陷,累积面积超过4000 km~2。古地理的演化表明该区发育多套生储盖组合。冷湖地区、昆特依地区、马海尕秀-鱼卡地区等是今后勘探的有利地区。
On the basis of the previous studies and data from over 20 outcrops, over 150 wells and 12 000 km seismic profiles,especially new drilling data, the distribution characteristics of strata and sedimentary facies, and the lithofacies palaeogeography of the Jurassic in the Qaidam Basin was restudied. Based on the lithofacies palaeogeography maps, the position of hydrocarbon-generating sags and sandstone reservoirs was determined, and the hydrocarbon potential of the Jurassic was predicted. In the Early and Middle Jurassic, the humid and warm climate was favourable to the deposition of source rocks,and the supply of clastic materials from several uplifts was advantageous to the formation of the sandstone reservoirs. Six types of the sandbodies,i. e. braided stream delta sandbody,shore lake sheet sandbody,shore and shallow lake beach and bar sandbody,fluvial channel sandbody, turbidity fan sandbody and nearshore submerged fan sandbody, and 30 advantageous sandbodies were determined. The source rocks deposited in a lot of semi-deep and deep lakes supplied abundant hydrocarbons, and the 8 source sags of different sizes totally over 4 000 km2 in area were located. The evolution of the palaeogeography shows that many types of source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages were developed in this area. It was pointed out that the Lenghu.Kunteyi and Mahaigaxiu-Yuka areas are favorable for hydrocarbon exploration in the future.
On the basis of the previous studies and data from over 20 outcrops, over 150 wells and 12 000 km seismic profiles,especially new drilling data, the distribution characteristics of strata and sedimentary facies, and the lithofacies palaeogeography of the Jurassic in the Qaidam Basin was restudied. Based on the lithofacies palaeogeography maps, the position of hydrocarbon-generating sags and sandstone reservoirs was determined, and the hydrocarbon potential of the Jurassic was predicted. In the Early and Middle Jurassic, the humid and warm climate was favourable to the deposition of source rocks,and the supply of clastic materials from several uplifts was advantageous to the formation of the sandstone reservoirs. Six types of the sandbodies,i. e. braided stream delta sandbody,shore lake sheet sandbody,shore and shallow lake beach and bar sandbody,fluvial channel sandbody, turbidity fan sandbody and nearshore submerged fan sandbody, and 30 advantageous sandbodies were determined. The source rocks deposited in a lot of semi-deep and deep lakes supplied abundant hydrocarbons, and the 8 source sags of different sizes totally over 4 000 km2 in area were located. The evolution of the palaeogeography shows that many types of source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages were developed in this area. It was pointed out that the Lenghu.Kunteyi and Mahaigaxiu-Yuka areas are favorable for hydrocarbon exploration in the future.
引文
安作相.2002． 大力寻找柴达木盆地侏罗系油田.新疆石油地质,23(1) :2～4
冯小杰,孙镇城,王洪江.1999． 中国西北“侏罗纪泛湖”的质疑.勘探家,4(1) :61
刘洛夫.2001． 柴达木盆地东部地区烃源岩的生源与沉积环境.古地理学报,3(2) :82～91
刘云田,杨少勇.2001． 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系砂岩孔隙发育特征.石油与天然气地质,22(3) :267～269
门相勇,赵文智,余辉龙.2001． 柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区油气成藏条件研究与勘探建议.石油勘探与开发,28(4) :4～7
穆剑,汪立群.1999． 论柴达木盆地冷湖-南八仙构造带的含油气远景.石油学报,20(2) :18～22
汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,刘池洋,吴汉宁,由福报,张兵山.2000． 柴达木盆地构造古地理分析.地学前缘。7(4) :421～427
王明儒,胡文义,彭德华.1997． 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系油气勘探前景.石油勘探与开发,24(5) :20～24
谢庆宾,管守锐.2000． 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系沉积类型及储集层评价.石油勘探与开发,27(2) :40～44
杨惠心.1992． 柴达木地块古地磁研究及其演化.长春地质学院学报,22(4) :420～426
杨永泰,张宝民,李伟,瞿辉.2000a.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系层序地层与沉积相研究.地学前缘,7(3) :145～152
杨永泰,刘桂侠,贾兴友,管俊亚.2000b.柴达木盆地北缘上三叠统一侏罗系层序特征与含油气系统划分.地球学报,23(1) :67～73
杨永泰,张宝民,席萍,余辉龙,吴光大,刘东.2001． 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系展布规律新认识.地层学杂志,25(2) :154～159
翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.1997． 重新认识柴达木,力争获得新突破.石油学报,1997,18(2) :1～7
An Zuoxiang. 2002． To energetically research for Jurassic oilfield in Qaidam basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,23 (1) : 2～4(in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Xiaojie,Sun Zhencheng and Wang Hongjiang. 1999． On the query of extensive lakes of Jurassic in northwest China. Journal of Exploration,4(1) : 61(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu Luofu. 2001． Sedimentary environment of source rocks in the eastern Qaidam basin. Journal of Palaeogeography,3(2) : 82～91(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu Yuntian and Yeng Shaoyong. 2001． Characteristics of porosity development of Jurassic in the north margin of Qaidam ??basin. Oil and Gas Geology,22(3) : 267～269(in Chinese with English abstract)
Men Xiangyoug,Zhao Wenzhi and Yu Huiloug. 2001． A study on oil and gas accumulation in Leughu area of the northern margin of Qaidam basin and some relevant exploration suggestions. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 28(4) : 4～7 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Mu Jian and Wang Liqun. 1999． Petroliferous prospect of Lenghu-Nanbaxian structure belt in Qaidam basin. Acta Pertolei Sinica,20(2) : 18～22(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun, Zhang Mingli, Liu Chiyang, Wu Hanning, You Fubso and Zhaug Bingshan. 2000． An analysis on tectono-palaeogengraphy of the Qaidam basin. Earth Science Frontiers,7(4) : 421～427(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Miugru, Hu Wenyi and Peng Dehua. 1997． Oil and gas potential of Jurassic in northern margin of Qaidam basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 24(5) :20～24(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xie Qiugbin and Guan Shourui. 2000． Sedimentary facies type and reservoir evaluation for the northern Qaidam basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 27 (2) :40～44 (in Chinese with English abstract )
Yang Huixin. 1992． Palaeomagnetic study of Qaidam plate and its evolution. Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,22(4) : 420～426(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Yongtai,Zhang Baomin, Li Wei and Qu Hui. 2000a. Study of Jurassic stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary facias in north of Qaidam basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 7 (3) :145～152 (in Chinese with English abstract )
Yang Yongtai, Liu Guixia, Jia Xingyou and Guan Junya. 2000b. Characteristics of stratigraphic sequence and classification of petroleum systems in the northern Qaidam basin. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 23 (1) : 67～73 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Yongtai, Zhang Baomin, Xi Ping, Yu Huilong, Wu Guangda and Liu Dong. 2001． New knowledge about distribution of the Jurassic strata along north margin of Qaidam basin. Journal of Stratigraphy,25(2) : 154～159(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhai Guangming, Xu Fengyin and Li Jianqing. 1997． A reconsideration of Qaidam basin for a great breakthrough in oil a
冯小杰,孙镇城,王洪江.1999． 中国西北“侏罗纪泛湖”的质疑.勘探家,4(1) :61
刘洛夫.2001． 柴达木盆地东部地区烃源岩的生源与沉积环境.古地理学报,3(2) :82～91
刘云田,杨少勇.2001． 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系砂岩孔隙发育特征.石油与天然气地质,22(3) :267～269
门相勇,赵文智,余辉龙.2001． 柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区油气成藏条件研究与勘探建议.石油勘探与开发,28(4) :4～7
穆剑,汪立群.1999． 论柴达木盆地冷湖-南八仙构造带的含油气远景.石油学报,20(2) :18～22
汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,刘池洋,吴汉宁,由福报,张兵山.2000． 柴达木盆地构造古地理分析.地学前缘。7(4) :421～427
王明儒,胡文义,彭德华.1997． 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系油气勘探前景.石油勘探与开发,24(5) :20～24
谢庆宾,管守锐.2000． 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系沉积类型及储集层评价.石油勘探与开发,27(2) :40～44
杨惠心.1992． 柴达木地块古地磁研究及其演化.长春地质学院学报,22(4) :420～426
杨永泰,张宝民,李伟,瞿辉.2000a.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系层序地层与沉积相研究.地学前缘,7(3) :145～152
杨永泰,刘桂侠,贾兴友,管俊亚.2000b.柴达木盆地北缘上三叠统一侏罗系层序特征与含油气系统划分.地球学报,23(1) :67～73
杨永泰,张宝民,席萍,余辉龙,吴光大,刘东.2001． 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系展布规律新认识.地层学杂志,25(2) :154～159
翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.1997． 重新认识柴达木,力争获得新突破.石油学报,1997,18(2) :1～7
An Zuoxiang. 2002． To energetically research for Jurassic oilfield in Qaidam basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,23 (1) : 2～4(in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Xiaojie,Sun Zhencheng and Wang Hongjiang. 1999． On the query of extensive lakes of Jurassic in northwest China. Journal of Exploration,4(1) : 61(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu Luofu. 2001． Sedimentary environment of source rocks in the eastern Qaidam basin. Journal of Palaeogeography,3(2) : 82～91(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu Yuntian and Yeng Shaoyong. 2001． Characteristics of porosity development of Jurassic in the north margin of Qaidam ??basin. Oil and Gas Geology,22(3) : 267～269(in Chinese with English abstract)
Men Xiangyoug,Zhao Wenzhi and Yu Huiloug. 2001． A study on oil and gas accumulation in Leughu area of the northern margin of Qaidam basin and some relevant exploration suggestions. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 28(4) : 4～7 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Mu Jian and Wang Liqun. 1999． Petroliferous prospect of Lenghu-Nanbaxian structure belt in Qaidam basin. Acta Pertolei Sinica,20(2) : 18～22(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun, Zhang Mingli, Liu Chiyang, Wu Hanning, You Fubso and Zhaug Bingshan. 2000． An analysis on tectono-palaeogengraphy of the Qaidam basin. Earth Science Frontiers,7(4) : 421～427(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Miugru, Hu Wenyi and Peng Dehua. 1997． Oil and gas potential of Jurassic in northern margin of Qaidam basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 24(5) :20～24(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xie Qiugbin and Guan Shourui. 2000． Sedimentary facies type and reservoir evaluation for the northern Qaidam basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 27 (2) :40～44 (in Chinese with English abstract )
Yang Huixin. 1992． Palaeomagnetic study of Qaidam plate and its evolution. Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,22(4) : 420～426(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Yongtai,Zhang Baomin, Li Wei and Qu Hui. 2000a. Study of Jurassic stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary facias in north of Qaidam basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 7 (3) :145～152 (in Chinese with English abstract )
Yang Yongtai, Liu Guixia, Jia Xingyou and Guan Junya. 2000b. Characteristics of stratigraphic sequence and classification of petroleum systems in the northern Qaidam basin. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 23 (1) : 67～73 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Yongtai, Zhang Baomin, Xi Ping, Yu Huilong, Wu Guangda and Liu Dong. 2001． New knowledge about distribution of the Jurassic strata along north margin of Qaidam basin. Journal of Stratigraphy,25(2) : 154～159(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhai Guangming, Xu Fengyin and Li Jianqing. 1997． A reconsideration of Qaidam basin for a great breakthrough in oil a
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