灾后住宅重建设计探讨——以阿坝州震后住宅建设为例
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摘要
汶川地震使数十个镇受灾,破坏了当地居民赖以生存的家园,几十万人无家可归,灾后住宅的重建迫在眉睫。本文通过对汶川地区地理、自然情况与受灾状况的分析,结合四川乡土民居建筑的地域风格特点,提出灾后重建面临的问题及针对汶川当地特殊情况灾后住宅重建的建议。同时,对古今中外灾后住宅重建抗震技术的学习,如:充气稳定结构、纸管过渡房、隔震抗震技术及中国古建营造中的抗震技术等。结合汶川地域特点,将传统民居建造与现代抗震技术结合,提出适合汶川地震灾后住宅重建的可行方案。其中,临时住宅设计以大规模快速工业化建造,及二次利用集装箱保护人民生命安全为设计出发点;永久住宅以维护建筑整体抗震性及居民对建筑的可持续改造利用为设计出发点。
The Wenchuan earthquake had destroyed dozens of towns in Sichuan province and left millions of people homeless, The housing reconstruction reached the critical level immediately after the disaster. This article analyses the local geographical features, nature conditions and the damage situation of Wenchuan, combined with the native residence with significant regional, characteristics of Sichuan, gives some advices to the housing reconstruction of Wenchuan with consideration to the particular condition of this area. Meantime, the article also gives some examples of the traditional and abroad seismic techniques such as inflatable structure and paper tube. The schemes of the residential design are based on the local tradition and modern technology, in order to provide practical plans adapt to the specific traits of this area. In which, the temporary housing design stresses on large-scale industrialization with reuse of containers; the conception of the permanent residence design is the overall seismic control and the sustainable development of the building.
The Wenchuan earthquake had destroyed dozens of towns in Sichuan province and left millions of people homeless, The housing reconstruction reached the critical level immediately after the disaster. This article analyses the local geographical features, nature conditions and the damage situation of Wenchuan, combined with the native residence with significant regional, characteristics of Sichuan, gives some advices to the housing reconstruction of Wenchuan with consideration to the particular condition of this area. Meantime, the article also gives some examples of the traditional and abroad seismic techniques such as inflatable structure and paper tube. The schemes of the residential design are based on the local tradition and modern technology, in order to provide practical plans adapt to the specific traits of this area. In which, the temporary housing design stresses on large-scale industrialization with reuse of containers; the conception of the permanent residence design is the overall seismic control and the sustainable development of the building.
引文
[1] 《汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例》新华网 http://www.sina.com.cn 2008年6月16日10:47
[2] 《四川汶川大地震中日恢复重建合作研讨会资料集》中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部村镇建设办公室 日本国际协力机构( JICA)
[3] 《品巴山蜀水里的家居秘密四川民居特点赏》石家庄搜房装修家居网www.soufun.com
[4] 台湾公布汶川大地震前后卫星比对照片
[5] 向朝阳《权威专家评汶川地震建筑损毁现象烈度是主因》四川在线2008年6月4日
[6] 程思、易加强《汶川县地质灾害的成因及防治对策》山西水土保持科技2007年9月第3期
[7] 裴蕾 陈四四《古碉楼:震不垮的奥妙》四川在线-四川日报2008年6月27日13:00
[8] 《羌族碉楼“东方金字塔”》光明日报2008年7月2日22:22
[9] 皮亚诺《自然之魂--木建筑奖》东南大学出版社2000
[10] 坂茂:纸管过渡房http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog- 49987e8b01009ye2． html
[11] 日本先进的建筑抗震技术http://i.mop.com/kitty1025/blog/2008/05/30/6493231． html
[12] 从古建筑中获取抗震技术文章来源:四川防震减灾信息网
[13] 古建大木结构http://www.cnhmol.com/html/200708/14/084756340． htm
[2] 《四川汶川大地震中日恢复重建合作研讨会资料集》中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部村镇建设办公室 日本国际协力机构( JICA)
[3] 《品巴山蜀水里的家居秘密四川民居特点赏》石家庄搜房装修家居网www.soufun.com
[4] 台湾公布汶川大地震前后卫星比对照片
[5] 向朝阳《权威专家评汶川地震建筑损毁现象烈度是主因》四川在线2008年6月4日
[6] 程思、易加强《汶川县地质灾害的成因及防治对策》山西水土保持科技2007年9月第3期
[7] 裴蕾 陈四四《古碉楼:震不垮的奥妙》四川在线-四川日报2008年6月27日13:00
[8] 《羌族碉楼“东方金字塔”》光明日报2008年7月2日22:22
[9] 皮亚诺《自然之魂--木建筑奖》东南大学出版社2000
[10] 坂茂:纸管过渡房http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog- 49987e8b01009ye2． html
[11] 日本先进的建筑抗震技术http://i.mop.com/kitty1025/blog/2008/05/30/6493231． html
[12] 从古建筑中获取抗震技术文章来源:四川防震减灾信息网
[13] 古建大木结构http://www.cnhmol.com/html/200708/14/084756340． htm
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