地基-结构系统振动台模型试验中相似比的实现问题探讨
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摘要
设计并完成两项刚性桩复合地基-结构系统1∶10比尺的振动台模型试验,对在类似地基-结构系统的普通振动台模型试验中如何使模型与原型相似的几个突出问题进行研究,包括:地基模型箱的选用,以较好模拟地基在地震作用下的振动变形;在重力场相似难以满足的情况下,降低其影响的措施;解决模型结构阻尼比偏低问题的方法。试验中采用柔性地基模型箱,在基础底板用拉索施加下拉力使基底压力在重力场失真情况下基本满足相似条件,在结构模型上附加层间阻尼器使其阻尼比接近实际。通过对试验结果的对比分析,研究上述措施的效果。结果表明,柔性容器可以较好地模拟地基土体在地震下的变形;在基础底板施加竖向力以使基底压力相似的方法有较好的效果;而层间阻尼器可以有效调整模型结构的阻尼比而无其他较明显的不利影响。
Two shaking table tests,with a scaling factor of 1/10,for the seismic response of rigid pile composite foundation-structure systems were carried out to investigate the similitude realization issues,which include the design of the soil container to better simulate the shaking deformation of the soil,the measure to reduce the influence of non-similarity of the gravity field,and the adjustment of the damping ratio of the model structure to make it close to reality.Flexible container was employed.Pulling cables were used to apply downward force on the foundation to make the pressure underneath satisfy the similitude condition,and dampers were mounted on the structure model to adjust its damping ratio.Effects of the above measures were carefully examined by comparative analyses of the test results.It is proved that the flexible container could adequately simulate free field boundary conditions in the soil,that the approach to simulating the pressure underneath the foundation was satisfactory,and that the dampers mounted to the model structure could simulate the damping property of actual building structures effectively without any significant side effect.
Two shaking table tests,with a scaling factor of 1/10,for the seismic response of rigid pile composite foundation-structure systems were carried out to investigate the similitude realization issues,which include the design of the soil container to better simulate the shaking deformation of the soil,the measure to reduce the influence of non-similarity of the gravity field,and the adjustment of the damping ratio of the model structure to make it close to reality.Flexible container was employed.Pulling cables were used to apply downward force on the foundation to make the pressure underneath satisfy the similitude condition,and dampers were mounted on the structure model to adjust its damping ratio.Effects of the above measures were carefully examined by comparative analyses of the test results.It is proved that the flexible container could adequately simulate free field boundary conditions in the soil,that the approach to simulating the pressure underneath the foundation was satisfactory,and that the dampers mounted to the model structure could simulate the damping property of actual building structures effectively without any significant side effect.
引文
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[2]Prasad S K.Towhata I.Shaking table tests in earthquake geotechnical engineering[J].Current Science,2004,87(10):1398-1404
[3]Meymand P J.Shaking Table Scale Model Tests of Nonlinear Soil-Pile-Superstructure Interaction In Soft Clay[D].Berkeley:Univ.of California,1998
[4]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构-地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20-29(LXilin,Chen Yueqing,Chen Bo,et al.Shaking table tests of dynamic soil-structural interaction system[J].EarthquakeEngineeringandEngineering Vibration,2000,20(4):20-29(in Chinese))
[5]伍小平.砂土-桩-结构相互作用振动台试验研究[D].上海:同济大学,2002(Wu Xiaoping.Shaking table tests ofsoil-pile-superstructure interaction in dry sand[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2002(in Chinese))
[6]武思宇,宋二祥,刘华北,等.刚性桩复合地基的振动台试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(11):1334-1337(Wu Siyu,Song Erxiang.Liu Huabei,et al.Shaking table tests of composite foundation with rigid pile[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(11):1334-1337(in Chinese))
[7]武思宇,宋二祥,刘华北,等.刚性桩复合地基抗震性能的振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(1):77-82(Wu Siyu,Song Erxiang,Liu Huabei,et al.Shaking table test study on aseismic behavior of rigid pile composite foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(1):77-82(in Chinese))
[8]池跃君.刚性桩复合地基工作性能及沉降计算方法的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2002(Chi Yuejun.Research on Behaviors and Settlement Evaluation of Rigid Pile Composite Foundation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2002(in Chinese))
[9]阎明礼,吴春林,杨军.水泥粉煤灰碎石桩复合地基试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(2):1-2(Yan Mingli,Wu Chunlin,Yang Jun.Study on the composite foundation withcement-flyash-gravel pile[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,18(2):1-2(in Chinese))
[10]徐自国.刚性桩复合地基抗震性能研究[D].北京:清华大学,2003(Xu ziguo.Study on Anti-Seismic Behavior of Rigid Pile Composite Foundation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2003(in Chinese))
[11]刘光磊,武思宇,宋二祥.群桩刚性桩复合地基地震反应三维有限元分析[J].建筑结构,2006,36(7):85-90(Liu Guanglei,Wu Siyu,Song Erxiang.Earthquake respanse of rigid pile composite foundation analyzed with3D dynamic finite element method[J].Building Structure,2006,36(7):85-90(in Chinese))
[12]Riemer M,Meymand P.1-g modeling of seismic soil-pile-superstructure interaction in soft clay[C]//Proc.4th Caltrans Seismic Research Workshop,Sacramento,1996
[13]袁晓铭,孙锐,孙静,等.常规土类动剪切模量比和阻尼比试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):133-138(Yuan Xiaoming,Sun Rui,Sun Jing,et al.Laboratory experimental study on dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of soils[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(4):133-138(in Chinese))
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