叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用
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摘要
与叠后地震反演相比,叠前地震反演可得到更丰富的储层信息,可提高储层的描述精度.目前,叠前地震反演主要包括弹性阻抗反演、叠前P波阻抗和S波阻抗联合反演、叠前地震波形反演.文中概述了叠前地震反演各项技术的主要进展及其典型应用实例,提出了叠前地震反演技术在岩性油气藏勘探开发中的应用策略.叠前地震反演技术在未来的油气勘探开发中将有广阔的应用前景.
The pre-stack inversion can get more information of the reservoir and improve precise of reservoir characterization than the post-seismic impedance inversion.The pre-stack inversion mainly include the elastic impedance inversion,Pre-stack simultaneous inversion for compressional impedance and shear impedance,and pre-stack waveform inversion.The paper summarizes the key techniques of the pre-stack inversion and its characterization of application,gives the some of t typical cases study,put forward the strategy of the pre-stack inversion in exploration and production for the lithologiccal reservoirs.In the future it will have a wide application in different aspects of reservoir characterization and pre-drill geo-hazard analysis.
The pre-stack inversion can get more information of the reservoir and improve precise of reservoir characterization than the post-seismic impedance inversion.The pre-stack inversion mainly include the elastic impedance inversion,Pre-stack simultaneous inversion for compressional impedance and shear impedance,and pre-stack waveform inversion.The paper summarizes the key techniques of the pre-stack inversion and its characterization of application,gives the some of t typical cases study,put forward the strategy of the pre-stack inversion in exploration and production for the lithologiccal reservoirs.In the future it will have a wide application in different aspects of reservoir characterization and pre-drill geo-hazard analysis.
引文
[1]Veeken P C H,Silva M D.Seismic inversion methods and someof their constrains[J].First Break,2004,22:47~70.
[2]Whitcombe D N.Elastic Impedance Normalization[J].Geo-physics,2002,58:60~62.
[3]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18:438~452.
[4]戈革,等著.地震波动力学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1983,1~48.Ge Geet al.Foundations of seismic dynamics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1983,1~48.
[5]J E怀特著.地下声波[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987,59~95.White J E.Subsurface Sonic[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1987,59~95.
[6]张永刚主编.油气地球物理技术新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003,128~175.Zhang Y G,et al.The new geophysical progress of the oiland gas[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003,128~175.
[7]M.格劳尔,等.地震岩性学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987,1~50.Mike G,et al.Seismic Lithology[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,1987,1~50.
[8]Treitel S,Lines L.Past,present,and future of geophysical in-version-a new millennium analysis[J].Geophysics,2001,66:21~24.
[9]贾承造,等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3~9.Jia C Z,et al.Two key technologies about exploration ofstratigraphic/lithological reservoirs[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2004,31(3):3~9.
[10]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):385~390.Zhang Yong-gang.The present and future of wave imped-ance inversion technique[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2002,41(4):385~390.
[11]张宏兵,尚作萍,杨长春,段秋梁.波阻抗反演正则参数估计[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):181~188.Zhang H B,Shang Z P,Yang C C,Duan Q L.Estimation ofregular parameters for the impedance inversion[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.2005,48(1):181~188.
[12]苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):520~523.Yuan S J,Yu C Q.Elastlc impedance and seismic inversion inanisotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):520~523.
[13]刘国萍,陈小宏,李景叶.弹性波阻抗在时移地震中的应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):559~563.Liu G P,Chen X H,Li J Y.Application and analysis of elas-tic impedance in time-lapse seismolgy[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2006,21(2):559~563.
[14]Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluid detec-tion and lithology discrimination using Lame’petrophysicalparameters:“λρ”,“μρ”,&”λ/μfluid stack.”,from P and Sinversions[J].68th Ann.Int.SEG Mtg.,1997,183~186.
[15]Shuey R T A.simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50:609~614.
[16]Fatti J L,et al.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs usingAVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostacktechnique[J].Geophysics,1994,50:1362~1376.
[17]Verm R,Hilterman F.Lithology color-coded seismic sec-tions:The calibration of AVO crossplotting to rock proper-ties[J].The Leading Edge,1995,14:847~853.
[18]Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rock propertyestimation and detection of gas[J].Geophys.Prosp.,1987,35:993~1014.
[19]Cambois G.Can P-wave AVO be quantitative?[J].The Lead-ing Edge,2000,19:1246~1251.
[20]Cambois G.AVO attributes and noise:Pitfalls of crossplot-ting[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,1998:244~247.
[21]Hilterman F,Van S C,Shar M.AVO examples of long-off-set 2-D data in the Golf of Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2000,19:1200~1213.
[22]Gluck S,Juve E,Lafet Y.High-resolution impedance layeringthrough 3-D stratigraphic inversion of the poststack seismicdata[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16:1309~1315.
[23]Marcelo Benabentos and Subhashis Mallick.Seismic reservoirdescription using hybrid seismic inversion.A 3D case studyfrom the María Inés Oeste Field,Argentina[J].The LeadingEdge,2002,21(10):1002~1008.
[24]Dutta N C.Deepwater geohazard prediction using pres-tack inversion of large offset P-wave data and rock model[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2002,21:193~198.
[25]苑书金,董宁,于常青,等.叠前联合反演P波阻抗和S波阻抗的研究和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):337~342.Yuan S J,Dong N,Yu C Q,et al.Pre-stack joint inversionfor compressional impedance and shear impedance and appli-cation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(3):337~342.
[26]苑书金,于常青.地震弹性属性的解释和应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(4):234~238.Yuan S J,Yu C Q.Interpretation and applications of seismicelastic attribute[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,40(3):337~342.
[27]Mallick S.Some practical aspects of prestack waveform inver-sion using a genetic algorithm:and example from the eastTexas Woodbine gas sand[J].Geophysics,1999,64:326~336.
[28]Subhashis Mallick.Prestack waveform inversion using a ge-netic algorithm-the present and the future[J].CSEG Re-corder,2001:78~84.
[29]仝兆岐主编.储层地震技术新进展[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2004,98~135Tong Z Q,et al.The New Progress of The reservoir SeismicTechnique[M].DongYing:Petroleum university Press,2004,98~135.
[30]周仕勇,Irikura K.近震源地震波波形资料反演震源破裂过程的可靠性分析[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):123~131.Zhou S Y,Irikura K.Analysis on the reliability of the earth-quake rupture process inferred from near source waveforms[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(1):123~131.
[31]宋海斌,等.天然气水合物似海底反射层的全波形反演[J].地球物理学报:2003,46(1):42~46.Song H B,et al.Full waveform inversion of gas hydrate-re-lated bottom simulating reflectors[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2003,46(1):43~46.
[32]赵宪生,严刚峰.波阻抗混合反演全局寻优与编码的实验研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):688~693.Zhao X S,Yan G F.The experiment research of wave imped-ances mixed inversion's global optimized and coding[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2005,20(3):688~693.
[33]吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.川滇地区速度结构的区域地震波形反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1369~1376.Wu J P,Ming Y H,Wang C Y.Regional waveform inversionfor crustal and upper mantle velocity structure below Chuan-dian region[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(5):1369~1376.
[34]常晓涛,李建成,郭金运,黄金维.一种多前缘多阈值的波形重构算法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1629~1634.Chang X T,Li J C,Guo J Y,Huang C W.A multi-leadingedge and multi-threshold waveform retracker[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(6):1629~1634.
[35]李琼,李勇,李正文,等.基于GA-BP理论的储层视裂缝密度地震非线性反演方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):465~471.Li Q,Li Y,Li Z W,et al.A seismic nonlinear inversion forapparent fracture density of hydrocarbon reservoir based onGA-BP theory[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):465~471.
[36]马在田,宋海斌,孙建国.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理探测技术[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(3);126.Ma Z T,Song H B,et al.seismic recognition studies on ma-rine gas hydrate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2000,15(3);126.
[37]马在田.关于油气开发地震学的思考[J].天然气工业,2004,24(6):43~46.Ma Z T.Some thoughts on petroleum development seismolo-gy[J].Natrue gas Indurstry,2004,24(6):43~46.
[2]Whitcombe D N.Elastic Impedance Normalization[J].Geo-physics,2002,58:60~62.
[3]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18:438~452.
[4]戈革,等著.地震波动力学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1983,1~48.Ge Geet al.Foundations of seismic dynamics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1983,1~48.
[5]J E怀特著.地下声波[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987,59~95.White J E.Subsurface Sonic[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1987,59~95.
[6]张永刚主编.油气地球物理技术新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003,128~175.Zhang Y G,et al.The new geophysical progress of the oiland gas[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003,128~175.
[7]M.格劳尔,等.地震岩性学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987,1~50.Mike G,et al.Seismic Lithology[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,1987,1~50.
[8]Treitel S,Lines L.Past,present,and future of geophysical in-version-a new millennium analysis[J].Geophysics,2001,66:21~24.
[9]贾承造,等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3~9.Jia C Z,et al.Two key technologies about exploration ofstratigraphic/lithological reservoirs[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2004,31(3):3~9.
[10]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):385~390.Zhang Yong-gang.The present and future of wave imped-ance inversion technique[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2002,41(4):385~390.
[11]张宏兵,尚作萍,杨长春,段秋梁.波阻抗反演正则参数估计[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):181~188.Zhang H B,Shang Z P,Yang C C,Duan Q L.Estimation ofregular parameters for the impedance inversion[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.2005,48(1):181~188.
[12]苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):520~523.Yuan S J,Yu C Q.Elastlc impedance and seismic inversion inanisotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):520~523.
[13]刘国萍,陈小宏,李景叶.弹性波阻抗在时移地震中的应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):559~563.Liu G P,Chen X H,Li J Y.Application and analysis of elas-tic impedance in time-lapse seismolgy[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2006,21(2):559~563.
[14]Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluid detec-tion and lithology discrimination using Lame’petrophysicalparameters:“λρ”,“μρ”,&”λ/μfluid stack.”,from P and Sinversions[J].68th Ann.Int.SEG Mtg.,1997,183~186.
[15]Shuey R T A.simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50:609~614.
[16]Fatti J L,et al.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs usingAVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostacktechnique[J].Geophysics,1994,50:1362~1376.
[17]Verm R,Hilterman F.Lithology color-coded seismic sec-tions:The calibration of AVO crossplotting to rock proper-ties[J].The Leading Edge,1995,14:847~853.
[18]Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rock propertyestimation and detection of gas[J].Geophys.Prosp.,1987,35:993~1014.
[19]Cambois G.Can P-wave AVO be quantitative?[J].The Lead-ing Edge,2000,19:1246~1251.
[20]Cambois G.AVO attributes and noise:Pitfalls of crossplot-ting[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,1998:244~247.
[21]Hilterman F,Van S C,Shar M.AVO examples of long-off-set 2-D data in the Golf of Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2000,19:1200~1213.
[22]Gluck S,Juve E,Lafet Y.High-resolution impedance layeringthrough 3-D stratigraphic inversion of the poststack seismicdata[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16:1309~1315.
[23]Marcelo Benabentos and Subhashis Mallick.Seismic reservoirdescription using hybrid seismic inversion.A 3D case studyfrom the María Inés Oeste Field,Argentina[J].The LeadingEdge,2002,21(10):1002~1008.
[24]Dutta N C.Deepwater geohazard prediction using pres-tack inversion of large offset P-wave data and rock model[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2002,21:193~198.
[25]苑书金,董宁,于常青,等.叠前联合反演P波阻抗和S波阻抗的研究和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):337~342.Yuan S J,Dong N,Yu C Q,et al.Pre-stack joint inversionfor compressional impedance and shear impedance and appli-cation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(3):337~342.
[26]苑书金,于常青.地震弹性属性的解释和应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(4):234~238.Yuan S J,Yu C Q.Interpretation and applications of seismicelastic attribute[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,40(3):337~342.
[27]Mallick S.Some practical aspects of prestack waveform inver-sion using a genetic algorithm:and example from the eastTexas Woodbine gas sand[J].Geophysics,1999,64:326~336.
[28]Subhashis Mallick.Prestack waveform inversion using a ge-netic algorithm-the present and the future[J].CSEG Re-corder,2001:78~84.
[29]仝兆岐主编.储层地震技术新进展[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2004,98~135Tong Z Q,et al.The New Progress of The reservoir SeismicTechnique[M].DongYing:Petroleum university Press,2004,98~135.
[30]周仕勇,Irikura K.近震源地震波波形资料反演震源破裂过程的可靠性分析[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):123~131.Zhou S Y,Irikura K.Analysis on the reliability of the earth-quake rupture process inferred from near source waveforms[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(1):123~131.
[31]宋海斌,等.天然气水合物似海底反射层的全波形反演[J].地球物理学报:2003,46(1):42~46.Song H B,et al.Full waveform inversion of gas hydrate-re-lated bottom simulating reflectors[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2003,46(1):43~46.
[32]赵宪生,严刚峰.波阻抗混合反演全局寻优与编码的实验研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):688~693.Zhao X S,Yan G F.The experiment research of wave imped-ances mixed inversion's global optimized and coding[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2005,20(3):688~693.
[33]吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.川滇地区速度结构的区域地震波形反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1369~1376.Wu J P,Ming Y H,Wang C Y.Regional waveform inversionfor crustal and upper mantle velocity structure below Chuan-dian region[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(5):1369~1376.
[34]常晓涛,李建成,郭金运,黄金维.一种多前缘多阈值的波形重构算法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1629~1634.Chang X T,Li J C,Guo J Y,Huang C W.A multi-leadingedge and multi-threshold waveform retracker[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(6):1629~1634.
[35]李琼,李勇,李正文,等.基于GA-BP理论的储层视裂缝密度地震非线性反演方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):465~471.Li Q,Li Y,Li Z W,et al.A seismic nonlinear inversion forapparent fracture density of hydrocarbon reservoir based onGA-BP theory[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):465~471.
[36]马在田,宋海斌,孙建国.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理探测技术[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(3);126.Ma Z T,Song H B,et al.seismic recognition studies on ma-rine gas hydrate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2000,15(3);126.
[37]马在田.关于油气开发地震学的思考[J].天然气工业,2004,24(6):43~46.Ma Z T.Some thoughts on petroleum development seismolo-gy[J].Natrue gas Indurstry,2004,24(6):43~46.
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