汶川8级大地震活动断裂滑动速率异常低的比较讨论
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摘要
本文在收集1900—2008年东亚大陆西部三角地震区内8次陆内逆冲型浅源大地震(M≥7.5)活动断裂的滑动速率基础上,初步比较分析表明东亚大三角地震区陆内逆冲型孕震断层的缩短或垂直平均滑动速率≤12 mm/a;2008年四川汶川8.0级大地震发生在滑动速率异常低(0.2~1.0 mm/a)的龙门山活动断层上;地震震级大小和滑动速率大小之间的关系并没有显示出线性的简单相关关系;地震震级大小可能与多种因素有关,包括断层的地质年代、尺度(长度、宽度和深度)、活动速率和历史、物性,以及应力-应变本构关系和动力学环境等,需要深入研究。
This paper comparatively discusses the active fault slip rates of 8 great intra-continental shallow thrust earthquakes occurred in the East Asia Triangular Seismic Region based on the collected slip rate data.Preliminary analysis shows that the average vertical slip or shortening rates on the shallow thrust faults are less than 12 mm/a in the region.The great Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake of May 12,2008,Sichuan province,China,occurred in the Longmen Shan active fault with abnormal low slip rate(0.2～1.0 mm/a).The relationship between earthquake magnitude and slip rate is not linear simply.Earthquake magnitude might be related to the geological ages,scale(length,width and depth),rate and history,medium property,stress-strain relation and geodynamic condition of the earthquake faults,which needs further and deep study.
This paper comparatively discusses the active fault slip rates of 8 great intra-continental shallow thrust earthquakes occurred in the East Asia Triangular Seismic Region based on the collected slip rate data.Preliminary analysis shows that the average vertical slip or shortening rates on the shallow thrust faults are less than 12 mm/a in the region.The great Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake of May 12,2008,Sichuan province,China,occurred in the Longmen Shan active fault with abnormal low slip rate(0.2～1.0 mm/a).The relationship between earthquake magnitude and slip rate is not linear simply.Earthquake magnitude might be related to the geological ages,scale(length,width and depth),rate and history,medium property,stress-strain relation and geodynamic condition of the earthquake faults,which needs further and deep study.
引文
[1]张培震,闻学泽,徐锡伟,等.2008年汶川8.0级特大地震孕育和发生的多单元组合模式[J].科学通报,2009,54(7):944-953.
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[5]邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造和地震活动[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):66-73.
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[7]Molar P,Ghose S.Seismic moments of Major earthquakes and rate of shortening across the TienShan[J].Geophys Res Lett.2000,27(16):2377-2380.
[8]杨少敏,李杰,王琪.GPS研究天山现今变形与断层活动[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2008,38(7):872-880.
[9]Calais E,Vergnolle M,everchere J D′,et al.Are post-seismic effects of theM=8.4 Bolnay earth-quake(1905 July23)still influencing GPS velocities in the Mongolia-Baikal area?[J].Geophys JInt,2002,149:157-168.
[10]Vergnolle M,Pollitz F F,Calais E.Constraint on the viscosity of the continental crust and mantlefrom GPS measurements and postseismic deformation models in west Mongolia[J].J Geophys Res,2003,108(B10):1-12.
[11]邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[12]沈军,李莹甄,汪一鹏,等.阿尔泰山活动断裂[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):132-141.
[13]Bendick R,Bilham R,Blume F,et al.Earthquake Hazards and the Collision betweenIndia and Asia[M].NOAA Science Review,2002.
[14]John ME.Gujarat(Kutch),India,Earthquake of January 26,2001,Lifeline Performance(draft)[M].Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,Monograph 2001.
[15]闻学泽,徐锡伟.汶川8.0级地震的地表破裂带和发震构造[A].中国地震局监测预报司.汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[C].北京:地震出版社,2009.15-47.
[16]赵翠萍,郑勇.汶川8.0级地震震源参数及破裂特征[A].中国地震局监测预报司.汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[C].北京:地震出版社,2009.1-14.
[17]江在森,王庆良,祝意青.地壳变形和重力场[A].中国地震局监测预报司.汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[C].北京:地震出版社,2009.48-74.
[18]Ruff L J,Kanamori H.Seismicity and the subduction process[J].Physics of the Earth and Planeta-ry Interiors,1980,23:240-252,doi:10.1016/0031-9201(80)90117-X.
[19]Kanamori H.Rupture process of subduction zone earthquakes[J].Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci,1986,14:293-322.
[20]Scholz C H.The Mechanics of Earthquake and Faulting[M].Cambridge University Press,1990.
[21]McCaffrey R.Global frequency of magnitude 9 earthquakes[J].Geology,2008,36(3):263-266.
[2]国家地震局震害防御司编.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—1911年)[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.
[3]中国地震局震害防御司编.中国近代地震目录(公元1912年—1990年,MS≥4.7)[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.
[4]Engdahl E R,Villasenor A.Global seismicity:1900—1999,International handbook of earthquakeand engineering seismology[A].edited by W H Lee,H Kanamori,P C Jennings,et al.AcademicPress,Amsterdam,Boston,New York,Oxford,Paris,San Diego,San Francisco,Singapore[C].Sydney,Tokyo.2002,665-690.
[5]邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造和地震活动[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):66-73.
[6]闻学泽,闵伟,田勤俭.地震地质在2006—2020年中国大陆地震危险区预测中的应用研究[A].“2006—2020年中国大陆地震危险区域地震灾害损失预测研究”项目组.2006—2020年中国大陆地震危险区域地震灾害损失预测研究[C].北京:地震出版社,2007.47-96.
[7]Molar P,Ghose S.Seismic moments of Major earthquakes and rate of shortening across the TienShan[J].Geophys Res Lett.2000,27(16):2377-2380.
[8]杨少敏,李杰,王琪.GPS研究天山现今变形与断层活动[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2008,38(7):872-880.
[9]Calais E,Vergnolle M,everchere J D′,et al.Are post-seismic effects of theM=8.4 Bolnay earth-quake(1905 July23)still influencing GPS velocities in the Mongolia-Baikal area?[J].Geophys JInt,2002,149:157-168.
[10]Vergnolle M,Pollitz F F,Calais E.Constraint on the viscosity of the continental crust and mantlefrom GPS measurements and postseismic deformation models in west Mongolia[J].J Geophys Res,2003,108(B10):1-12.
[11]邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[12]沈军,李莹甄,汪一鹏,等.阿尔泰山活动断裂[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):132-141.
[13]Bendick R,Bilham R,Blume F,et al.Earthquake Hazards and the Collision betweenIndia and Asia[M].NOAA Science Review,2002.
[14]John ME.Gujarat(Kutch),India,Earthquake of January 26,2001,Lifeline Performance(draft)[M].Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,Monograph 2001.
[15]闻学泽,徐锡伟.汶川8.0级地震的地表破裂带和发震构造[A].中国地震局监测预报司.汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[C].北京:地震出版社,2009.15-47.
[16]赵翠萍,郑勇.汶川8.0级地震震源参数及破裂特征[A].中国地震局监测预报司.汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[C].北京:地震出版社,2009.1-14.
[17]江在森,王庆良,祝意青.地壳变形和重力场[A].中国地震局监测预报司.汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[C].北京:地震出版社,2009.48-74.
[18]Ruff L J,Kanamori H.Seismicity and the subduction process[J].Physics of the Earth and Planeta-ry Interiors,1980,23:240-252,doi:10.1016/0031-9201(80)90117-X.
[19]Kanamori H.Rupture process of subduction zone earthquakes[J].Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci,1986,14:293-322.
[20]Scholz C H.The Mechanics of Earthquake and Faulting[M].Cambridge University Press,1990.
[21]McCaffrey R.Global frequency of magnitude 9 earthquakes[J].Geology,2008,36(3):263-266.
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