强震区泥石流堆积物的演化特征与方量估算模型
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摘要
2008年汶川地震以后,强震区北川县内地表被大量松散堆积物覆盖,在震后的4年时间里,历经几次暴雨过程,导致地表松散堆积物启动,从而诱发大量泥石流的暴发。为了在较短的时间内统计出泥石流堆积方量及分析4年来泥石流堆积体的演变规律,本文在北川地区选取安昌河流域沿老场口河的7条泥石流沟作为典型研究区,并在其下游选取了7条泥石流进行验证。利用野外调查及高精度的遥感影像统计了泥石流堆积区的前缘宽、中部宽、后缘宽、堆积角度、中部至前缘长、斜长、均厚共7个特征参数,以此作为泥石流堆积方量计算的参数,经过回归分析精简参数得到强震区泥石流的堆积量模型。通过两年来泥石流堆积区的变化进一步研究了泥石流堆积的演化规律。
After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, an abundance of loose co-seismic material sources were presented in the Beichuan city seismic area, where in later 4 years served as source material for rainfall-induced, and then induced debris flows in Beichuan area. In order to get debris flow deposits volume and the accumulation fan evolution quickly, 7 debris flow gullies were chosen in Beichuan County along Laochangkou River as a research area, and 7 debris flow gullies were selected in the downstream for verification. Using high precision image and field survey, we got seven characteristic parameters including the wide front, wide central, trailing edge, accumulation angle, central to the front long, inclined long and average high, and the accumulations were calculated by the parameters. Through regression analysis, we simplify the parameters and get debris flow accumulation model in earthquake area. We further study the alluvial fan evolution though the fan’s change in the past two years.
After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, an abundance of loose co-seismic material sources were presented in the Beichuan city seismic area, where in later 4 years served as source material for rainfall-induced, and then induced debris flows in Beichuan area. In order to get debris flow deposits volume and the accumulation fan evolution quickly, 7 debris flow gullies were chosen in Beichuan County along Laochangkou River as a research area, and 7 debris flow gullies were selected in the downstream for verification. Using high precision image and field survey, we got seven characteristic parameters including the wide front, wide central, trailing edge, accumulation angle, central to the front long, inclined long and average high, and the accumulations were calculated by the parameters. Through regression analysis, we simplify the parameters and get debris flow accumulation model in earthquake area. We further study the alluvial fan evolution though the fan’s change in the past two years.
引文
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[ 2 ] Yin Y,Wang F,Sun P.Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China [ J ].Landslide,2009 ( 6 ): 139-151.
[ 3 ] Khattak G A,Owen L A,Kamp U,et al.Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya,northern Pakistan [ J ].Geomorphology,2010,115 : 102-108.
[ 4 ] Koi T,Hotta N,Ishigaki I,et al.Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed,The Tanzawa region,Japan [ J ].Geomorphology,2008,101 : 692-702.
[ 5 ] Dai F C,Xu C,Yan X,et al.Spatial distribution of landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,china [ J ].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,doi : 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.010.
[ 6 ]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川地震触发崩塌滑坡数量及其密度特征分析[ J ].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20 ( 3 ): 1-7.
[ 7 ] Tang C,van Asch T W J,Chang M,et al.Catastrophic Debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area,southwestern China : The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms [ J ].Geomorpholo gy,2011,doi : 10.1016/.
[ 8 ] Chang Ming,Tang Chuan,Li Weile.The characteristic of collapse and landslide by wenchuan earthquake in de bris flow for mative region along the mianyuan river basin,china [ J ].Journal of Mountain Sciences,2012,30 ( 5 ): 561-569.
[ 9 ]常鸣,唐川,李为乐,等.汶川地震区绵远河流域泥石流形成区的崩塌滑坡特征[ J ].山地学报,2012,30 ( 5 ): 561-569.
[ 10 ] Tang C,Zhu J,Ding J,et al.Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake [ J ].2011a.Landslide.doi : 10.1007/s10346-011-0269-5.
[ 11 ] Stoffel M.Magnitude-frequency relationships of debris-flows-A case study based on field surveys and tree-ring records [ J ].Geomorphology,2010,116 : 67-76.
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