汶川8级地震对岷江上游泥石流灾害防治的影响
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摘要
汶川8级地震直接引发了大量的崩塌、滑坡等次生灾害,为泥石流提供了丰富的物质来源,在经历过2008年雨季后,激发了一定数量的泥石流,在今后5~10 a的时期内,还将激发大量的泥石流。震后岷江上游泥石流今后的发展趋势,主要取决于是否产生暴雨以及暴雨笼罩范围,地震引发的崩塌、滑坡是否堵塞沟道与泥石流发生、发展也有密切关系。地震后,岷江上游的泥石流防治也将面临着严峻的形势。通过对岷江上游典型泥石流沟防治工程现状的统计,指出了目前防治工程存在着数量少、标准低、承灾能力差、结构单一、设计不合理等问题,在此基础上,提出了岷江上游的泥石流灾害防治原则。
The Wenchuan Earthquake triggered large numbers of secondary disasters such as landslip and landslide.After the 2008 rainy season,large numbers of debris flow with large scale were triggered.So,the prevention of debris flow in the earthquake area will be faced with many new problems.The geology,topography and climate conditions in the upriver of Minjiang are favorable to the formation of debris flow.The debris flow of this area is well developed in the history.Based on the field investigation,there are 404 debris flow gullies in the upriver of Minjiang.Large numbers of landslips and landslides,which triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake,provide abundant materials for debris flow's formation.In the next five to ten years,the damage of debris flow in this area will be more serious.The developmental tendency of debris flow in the upriver of Minjiang mainly depends on the whether rainstorm is formed,whether the earthquake area is included in the rainstorm and whether channels are blocked by landslips or landslide.After the Wenchuan Earthquake,the prevention situation of debris flow in the upriver of Minjiang will be serious.In this paper,the prevention projects of typical debris flow gullies in the upriver of Minjiang are collected.Then,main problems of the prevention projects(such as small quantity,low standard,low preventing ability,simple structure and irrational design) are summarized.At last,the principles of debris flow's prevention in the upriver of Minjiang are put forward.
The Wenchuan Earthquake triggered large numbers of secondary disasters such as landslip and landslide.After the 2008 rainy season,large numbers of debris flow with large scale were triggered.So,the prevention of debris flow in the earthquake area will be faced with many new problems.The geology,topography and climate conditions in the upriver of Minjiang are favorable to the formation of debris flow.The debris flow of this area is well developed in the history.Based on the field investigation,there are 404 debris flow gullies in the upriver of Minjiang.Large numbers of landslips and landslides,which triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake,provide abundant materials for debris flow's formation.In the next five to ten years,the damage of debris flow in this area will be more serious.The developmental tendency of debris flow in the upriver of Minjiang mainly depends on the whether rainstorm is formed,whether the earthquake area is included in the rainstorm and whether channels are blocked by landslips or landslide.After the Wenchuan Earthquake,the prevention situation of debris flow in the upriver of Minjiang will be serious.In this paper,the prevention projects of typical debris flow gullies in the upriver of Minjiang are collected.Then,main problems of the prevention projects(such as small quantity,low standard,low preventing ability,simple structure and irrational design) are summarized.At last,the principles of debris flow's prevention in the upriver of Minjiang are put forward.
引文
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[2]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-haz-ards in Wenchuan Earthquake area and countermeasures fordisaster reduction[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2008,23(4):317-323.[崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策.中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323.]
[3]Zhou Rongjun,Pu Xiaohong,He Yulin,et al.Recent ac-tivity of minjiang fault zone,uplift of minshan block andtheir relationship with seismicity of sichuan[J].Seismologyand Geology,2000,22(3):285-294.[周荣军,蒲晓虹,何玉林,等.四川岷江断裂带北段的新活动、岷山断块的隆起及其与地震活动的关系[J].地震地质,2000,22(3):285-294.]
[4]Li Zhongquan,Ying Danlin,Guo Xiaoyu,et al.A primaryanalysis of geophysical and geodynamic features of the Wen-chuan earthquake in Longmen Mountains,Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Sci&Technol Ed,2008,35(4):426-430.[李忠权,应丹琳,郭晓玉,等.龙门山汶川地震特征及构造运动学初析[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):426-430.]
[5]Zhang Huiping,Yang Nong,Zhang Yueqiao,et al.Geo-morphology of the minjiang drainage system(Sichuan,Chi-na)and its structural implications[J].Quaternary Sci-ences,2006,26(1):126-135.[张会平,杨农,张岳桥,等.岷江水系流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(1):126-135.]
[6]吴宁.山地退化生态系统的恢复与重建[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2007.
[7]Chang Xiaojun,Ding Jun,Wei Lunwu,et al.Distributionof the geological hazards in the upper reaches of the Min-jiang River,Sichuan[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethy-an Geology,2007,27(1):103-108.[常晓军,丁俊,魏伦武,等.岷江上游地质灾害发育分布规律初探[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2007,27(1):103-108.]
[8]Xie Hong,Zhong Dunlun,Li Yong,et al.Features of debrisflow s in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2004,13(1):94-99.[谢洪,钟敦伦,李泳,等.长江上游泥石流灾害的特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(1):94-99.]
[9]周必凡,李德基,罗德富,等.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:80-92.
[10]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:152-153;164-180.
[11]李德基.泥石流减灾理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:158-186.
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