农村民居震害特点及其抗震防灾启示
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摘要
结合多年来在湖北省内3.0～6.0级地震的地震应急宏观考察,及2008年汶川8.0级地震时在四川省的地震应急宏观考察,通过对农村民居的震害调查,根据农村民居的震害现象(砖木结构的掉瓦,墙体破坏,预制板脱落,栏杆、女儿墙等附属构件的破坏等),总结其震害特点,分析其震害原因。提出了目前我国农村民居抗震设防存在的一些问题,如承重体系不合理,不设圈梁、构造柱,墙体转角处不采取拉结措施,户与户之间的间距不合理等。并由此得到农村民居抗震防灾的几点启示:①加大农居抗震知识的宣传,提高农民的抗震防灾意识;②加强农村建筑市场的监控和管理,对建筑工匠进行相应的培训;③积极推进地震安全农居工程的实施。
In combination with earthquake emergency macro investigations on earthquake magnitude from 3-6 in Hubei Province over the past years and earthquake magnitude 8 in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province on may 12, 2008, through the rural earthquake damage exploration in site to find out various damage phenomena of rural buildings, e.g. tiles to be vibrated to fall from the roof of brick-wood structures, various wall-body cracks, profabricated boards to be separated to drop from wall bodies, as well as the other damages like rails, parapets etc., the authors summarize the damage characteristics, analyze the reasons to cause damage, and suggest that several existing problems need to be resolved, such as the load-bearing system of houses is unreasonable, the ring beams and structure columns are not set, tension-joint measures in the wall corners are not taken, and the distance between households is not sized enough. For earth disaster prevention in rural residential areas, three inspirations are concluded: (1) to increase knowledge about rural residential earthquake, improve the farmers’ awareness of earthquake disaster prevention; (2) to strengthen the rural construction market monitoring and management, as well as construction craftsmen training; (3) to actively promote earthquake safe rural habitat project implementation.
In combination with earthquake emergency macro investigations on earthquake magnitude from 3-6 in Hubei Province over the past years and earthquake magnitude 8 in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province on may 12, 2008, through the rural earthquake damage exploration in site to find out various damage phenomena of rural buildings, e.g. tiles to be vibrated to fall from the roof of brick-wood structures, various wall-body cracks, profabricated boards to be separated to drop from wall bodies, as well as the other damages like rails, parapets etc., the authors summarize the damage characteristics, analyze the reasons to cause damage, and suggest that several existing problems need to be resolved, such as the load-bearing system of houses is unreasonable, the ring beams and structure columns are not set, tension-joint measures in the wall corners are not taken, and the distance between households is not sized enough. For earth disaster prevention in rural residential areas, three inspirations are concluded: (1) to increase knowledge about rural residential earthquake, improve the farmers’ awareness of earthquake disaster prevention; (2) to strengthen the rural construction market monitoring and management, as well as construction craftsmen training; (3) to actively promote earthquake safe rural habitat project implementation.
引文
[1]王凤来.汶川地震建筑震害分析与受损建筑加固通用图集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.(WANG Feng-lai.Wenchuan Earthquake Damage Analysis of Buildings and Damaged Buildings Reinforced General At-las[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2009.(in chinese))
[2]JGJ161-2008.镇(乡)村建筑抗震技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(JGJ161-2008.Town(Township)Village Building Seismic technical specification[S].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2008.(in chinese))
[2]JGJ161-2008.镇(乡)村建筑抗震技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(JGJ161-2008.Town(Township)Village Building Seismic technical specification[S].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2008.(in chinese))
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