南海北部深水盆地的裂陷过程及裂陷期延迟机制探讨
摘要
依据最新地震地质资料利用回剥法计算了南海北部深水区3条测线的构造沉降量.结果显示研究区不同于典型的被动陆缘盆地,虽然南海于32Ma开始扩张,但陆缘盆地的构造沉降速率此时没有减小反而增大,23Ma左右才显著减小,暗示裂陷作用一直持续到约23Ma才结束,地层厚度资料同样反映出这一现象,即裂陷期出现了延迟,热沉降开始时间滞后.认为形成该现象的机制可能有3个:(1)南海北部陆缘的岩石圈强度很弱,塑性相对较强,对南海扩张造成的应变衰减反应延迟;(2)岩石圈分层独立伸展的差异性可能也是导致裂后热沉降滞后的原因;(3)南海扩张脊在24~21Ma之间的向南跃迁及对应的海底扩张增速事件进一步诱发了研究区23Ma左右大规模裂后热沉降的开始.
引文
1张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域.石油学报,2007,28(2):15—21
2茹克.南海北部边缘叠合式盆地的发育及其大地构造意义.石油与天然气地质,1988,9(1):22—31
3李平鲁.珠江口盆地新生代构造运动.中国海上油气(地质),1993,7(6):11—17
4许仕策.预测勘探目标中的层序地层学理论与实践——以珠江口盆地为例.中国海上油气,1999,13(3):152—158
5刘铁树,何仕斌.南海北部陆缘盆地深水区油气勘探前景.中国海上油气,2001,15(3):164—170
6孙珍,庞雄,钟志洪,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学.地学前缘,2005,12(4):489—498
7彭大均,庞雄,陈长民,等.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡——南海深水扇系统的研究.沉积学报,2005,23(1):1—11
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14Clift P D,Lin J.Preferential mantle lithosphere extension under the South China margin.Mar Petrol Geol,2001,18:929—945
15Clift P D,Lin J,Barckhausen U.Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the South China Sea.Mar Petrol Geol,2002,19:951—970
16Sclater J G,Christie P A F.Continental stretching:An explanation of the post Mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the central North Sea basin.J Geophys Res,1980,85:3711—3739
17Zhou D.Studies in the Tectonics of China:Extensional tectonics of the northern margin of the South China Sea;Amalgamation and uplift of the Tian Shan;and wedge extrusion model for the Altyn Tagh fault.Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree.Stanford:Stanford University,1997
18龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997
19Yan P,Zhou D,Liu Z.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2001,338:1—21
20黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构.科学通报,2005,50(10):1024—1031
21Ruby W W,Hubbert M K.Role of fluid pressure in the mechanics of overthrust faulting,II,overthrust belt in geosynclinal area of western Wyoming in light of fluid pressure hypothesis.Geol Soc Am Bull,1960,60:167—205
22Wang P,Prell W L,Blum P,et al.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Initial Reports,184,College Station.Texas:Ocean Drilling Program,2000
23庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统——中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地质论评,2007,53(2):145—152
24Haq B U,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.Chronology of fluctuating sealevels since the Triassic.Science,1987,235:1156—1167
25杨少坤,黄丽芬,李希宗,等.珠江口盆地特殊层序地层模式及其对勘探的指导意义.中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(3):137—143
26Falvey D A.The development of continental margins in plate tectonic theory.APEA J,1974,14:95—106
27陆克政,朱筱敏,漆家福.含油气盆地分析.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006
28张健,熊亮萍,汪集旸.南海深部地球动力学特征及其演化机制.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):602—610
29张健,汪集旸.南海北部陆缘带构造扩张的深部地球动力学特征.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2000,30(6):561—567
30Shi X,Burov E,Leroy S,et al.Intrusion and its implication for subsidence:A case from the Baiyun Sag,on the northern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2005,407:117—134
31Xie X N,Müller R D,Li S T,et al.Origin of anomalous subsidence along the Northern South China Sea margin and its relationship to dynamic topography.Mar Petrol Geol,2006,23:745—765
32钟志洪,王良书,李绪宣,等.琼东南盆地古近纪沉积充填演化及其区域构造意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):29—36
33李家彪,金翔龙,高金耀.南海东部海盆晚期扩张的构造地貌研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2002,32(3):239—248
34李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,1998,43(8):797—810
2茹克.南海北部边缘叠合式盆地的发育及其大地构造意义.石油与天然气地质,1988,9(1):22—31
3李平鲁.珠江口盆地新生代构造运动.中国海上油气(地质),1993,7(6):11—17
4许仕策.预测勘探目标中的层序地层学理论与实践——以珠江口盆地为例.中国海上油气,1999,13(3):152—158
5刘铁树,何仕斌.南海北部陆缘盆地深水区油气勘探前景.中国海上油气,2001,15(3):164—170
6孙珍,庞雄,钟志洪,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学.地学前缘,2005,12(4):489—498
7彭大均,庞雄,陈长民,等.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡——南海深水扇系统的研究.沉积学报,2005,23(1):1—11
8庞雄,陈长民,吴梦霜,等.珠江深水扇系统沉积和周边重要地质事件.地球科学进展,2006,21(8):793—799
9戴一丁,庞雄,李平鲁.珠江口盆地开平凹陷油气聚集条件分析.中国海上油气,1998,12(1):12—18
10郭令智,钟志洪,王良书,等.莺歌海盆地周边区域构造演化.高校地质学报,2001,7(1):1—12
11王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209—213
12Allen P A,Allen J R.Basin Analysis:Principles and Applications.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1990
13Bond G C,Kominz M A.Construction of tectonic subsidence curves for the early Paleozoic miogeocline,southern Canadian Rocky Mountains:Implications for subsidence mechanisms,age of breakup,and crustal thinning.Bull Geol Soc Am,1984,95:155—173
14Clift P D,Lin J.Preferential mantle lithosphere extension under the South China margin.Mar Petrol Geol,2001,18:929—945
15Clift P D,Lin J,Barckhausen U.Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the South China Sea.Mar Petrol Geol,2002,19:951—970
16Sclater J G,Christie P A F.Continental stretching:An explanation of the post Mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the central North Sea basin.J Geophys Res,1980,85:3711—3739
17Zhou D.Studies in the Tectonics of China:Extensional tectonics of the northern margin of the South China Sea;Amalgamation and uplift of the Tian Shan;and wedge extrusion model for the Altyn Tagh fault.Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree.Stanford:Stanford University,1997
18龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997
19Yan P,Zhou D,Liu Z.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2001,338:1—21
20黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构.科学通报,2005,50(10):1024—1031
21Ruby W W,Hubbert M K.Role of fluid pressure in the mechanics of overthrust faulting,II,overthrust belt in geosynclinal area of western Wyoming in light of fluid pressure hypothesis.Geol Soc Am Bull,1960,60:167—205
22Wang P,Prell W L,Blum P,et al.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Initial Reports,184,College Station.Texas:Ocean Drilling Program,2000
23庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统——中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地质论评,2007,53(2):145—152
24Haq B U,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.Chronology of fluctuating sealevels since the Triassic.Science,1987,235:1156—1167
25杨少坤,黄丽芬,李希宗,等.珠江口盆地特殊层序地层模式及其对勘探的指导意义.中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(3):137—143
26Falvey D A.The development of continental margins in plate tectonic theory.APEA J,1974,14:95—106
27陆克政,朱筱敏,漆家福.含油气盆地分析.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006
28张健,熊亮萍,汪集旸.南海深部地球动力学特征及其演化机制.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):602—610
29张健,汪集旸.南海北部陆缘带构造扩张的深部地球动力学特征.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2000,30(6):561—567
30Shi X,Burov E,Leroy S,et al.Intrusion and its implication for subsidence:A case from the Baiyun Sag,on the northern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2005,407:117—134
31Xie X N,Müller R D,Li S T,et al.Origin of anomalous subsidence along the Northern South China Sea margin and its relationship to dynamic topography.Mar Petrol Geol,2006,23:745—765
32钟志洪,王良书,李绪宣,等.琼东南盆地古近纪沉积充填演化及其区域构造意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):29—36
33李家彪,金翔龙,高金耀.南海东部海盆晚期扩张的构造地貌研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2002,32(3):239—248
34李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,1998,43(8):797—810
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