岩石压裂过程中的声发射信号研究
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摘要
当岩石受力变形和断裂时,会产生声发射现象(弹性波),对其声发射事件的分析,可用来研究岩石裂纹形成机制和断裂过程。本文利用MEMS传感器对花岗岩单轴压裂过程的声发射事件进行研究,发现岩石试样破裂失稳可划分为四个过程。在整个应力加载过程中,声发射事件次数随岩石应变先呈增长趋势,后在岩石发生宏观断裂前呈减少趋势;声发射能量一直呈增长趋势,在岩石宏观断裂时达到最大;其声发射信号的频率一般为200~700Hz,随断裂的发生有降低的趋势。研究同时也表明,可通过对事件本身的定位(微震源定位)来研究岩石断裂位置。因此,MEMS传感器可应用于煤矿、水库和油田压裂等微地震的监测。
The rock sample will generate acoustic emission when it was suffering the external or internal loading.The mechanism and process of rock failure is used to study by analyzing acoustic emission.In this paper,through analyzing the signals of acoustic emission under mono-axial compression loading,the total failure process of sample is carefully divided into four procedures.With the loading increasing,the events of acoustic emission gradually increased with the strain changing in the first and began to decrease afterwards before the sample faulting totally.The energy of acoustic emission continuously increased to the maximum when the sample faulting totally.The frequency of acoustic emission was generally the content:200-700Hz and decreased continuously along with the failure process At the same time,the MEMS geophone can be used to monitor the micro-seismic event of coal mining,water reservoir and hydraulic fracturing through the research of failure location.
The rock sample will generate acoustic emission when it was suffering the external or internal loading.The mechanism and process of rock failure is used to study by analyzing acoustic emission.In this paper,through analyzing the signals of acoustic emission under mono-axial compression loading,the total failure process of sample is carefully divided into four procedures.With the loading increasing,the events of acoustic emission gradually increased with the strain changing in the first and began to decrease afterwards before the sample faulting totally.The energy of acoustic emission continuously increased to the maximum when the sample faulting totally.The frequency of acoustic emission was generally the content:200-700Hz and decreased continuously along with the failure process At the same time,the MEMS geophone can be used to monitor the micro-seismic event of coal mining,water reservoir and hydraulic fracturing through the research of failure location.
引文
(1)赵兴东,田军,李元辉,等.花岗岩破裂过程中的声发射活动性研究[J].中国矿业,2006,15(7):74-76.
(2)陶纪南,张克利,郑晋峰.岩石破裂过程声发射特征参数的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15:452-455.
(3)Geiger L.Probability method for the determination of earth-quake epicenters from the arrival time only[J].Bull.St.Louis Unic.1912,8,60-71.
(4)Slawomir Jerzy Gibowicz,Andrzej Kijko.修济刚,徐平,杨心平译.矿山地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.
(5)雷兴林,佐藤隆司,西泽修.花岗岩变形破坏的阶段性模型[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):436-447.
(6)冷雪峰,杨天鸿,国怀专,等.单孔岩石水压致裂过程的数值模拟分析[J].世界有色金属,2002,(10):32-34.
(7)谭云亮,李芳成,周辉,等.冲击地压声发射前兆模式初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000.7,19(4):425-428.
(8)Bruno M S,Nakagawa F M.Pore pressure influence on ten-sile fracture propagation in sedimentary rock[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.1991,28(4):261-273.
(9)Lockner D.The role of acoustic emission in the study of rockfracture[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.1993,30(7):883-899.
(2)陶纪南,张克利,郑晋峰.岩石破裂过程声发射特征参数的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15:452-455.
(3)Geiger L.Probability method for the determination of earth-quake epicenters from the arrival time only[J].Bull.St.Louis Unic.1912,8,60-71.
(4)Slawomir Jerzy Gibowicz,Andrzej Kijko.修济刚,徐平,杨心平译.矿山地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.
(5)雷兴林,佐藤隆司,西泽修.花岗岩变形破坏的阶段性模型[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):436-447.
(6)冷雪峰,杨天鸿,国怀专,等.单孔岩石水压致裂过程的数值模拟分析[J].世界有色金属,2002,(10):32-34.
(7)谭云亮,李芳成,周辉,等.冲击地压声发射前兆模式初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000.7,19(4):425-428.
(8)Bruno M S,Nakagawa F M.Pore pressure influence on ten-sile fracture propagation in sedimentary rock[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.1991,28(4):261-273.
(9)Lockner D.The role of acoustic emission in the study of rockfracture[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.1993,30(7):883-899.
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