小波变换在地震宽角反折射资料处理中的应用
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摘要
小波分析方法用于地震宽角反折射资料处理 ,它可将地震信号的分辨率由传统的1 /2— 1 /4λ(波长 )提高到优于 1 /6λ .利用小波分析方法对沙雅—布尔津地震宽角反折射剖面资料进行处理 ,发现天山造山带的壳幔过渡带由 7— 8个高低速相间的薄层构成 ,平均速度较低 ,总厚度约 2 0km .而塔里木盆地北缘与准噶尔盆地的壳幔过渡带不具有这一特点 ,壳幔间主要以一级间断面实现过渡 .天山造山带与准噶尔盆地壳幔过渡带详细结构及其二者之间的差异特征为天山造山带地球动力学“层间插入消减模型”的建立提供了重要依据
In this paper, the general principle of the wavelet transform has been introduced and the wavelet transform has been applied to the data processing of seismic reflection/refraction profile with a set of related programs developed by us. The research shows that the wavelet transform is effective for the data processing. By modeling, we know that the resolution of the seismic signals can be improved from 1/2—1/4 wavelength to better than 1/6 wavelength. Using wavelet transform to the data obtained from Xayar Burjing geoscience transect, we have obtained a detailed structure of the crust mantle transitional zone which is composed of 7—8 thin layers of high and low velocity alternatively with low average velocity and total thickness of 20 km. The crust mantle transitional zones of the northern margin of the Tarim basin and the Junggar basin do not possess this feature. They are completed mainly by first order discontinuity. The detailed structure of the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin and their differences provide an important evidence for the model“Lithospheric Subduction with Intrusion Layers in Crust” of the Tianshan orogenic belt. [
In this paper, the general principle of the wavelet transform has been introduced and the wavelet transform has been applied to the data processing of seismic reflection/refraction profile with a set of related programs developed by us. The research shows that the wavelet transform is effective for the data processing. By modeling, we know that the resolution of the seismic signals can be improved from 1/2—1/4 wavelength to better than 1/6 wavelength. Using wavelet transform to the data obtained from Xayar Burjing geoscience transect, we have obtained a detailed structure of the crust mantle transitional zone which is composed of 7—8 thin layers of high and low velocity alternatively with low average velocity and total thickness of 20 km. The crust mantle transitional zones of the northern margin of the Tarim basin and the Junggar basin do not possess this feature. They are completed mainly by first order discontinuity. The detailed structure of the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin and their differences provide an important evidence for the model“Lithospheric Subduction with Intrusion Layers in Crust” of the Tianshan orogenic belt. [
引文
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[8] MallatS ,HwangWL .Singularitydetectionandprocessingwithwavelets.IEEETrans.1 992 ,38:61 7— 643.
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[1 0 ] 孟鸿鹰 ,刘贵忠 .小波变换多尺度地震波形反演 .地球物理学报 ,1 999,4 2 (2 ) :2 4 1— 2 4 8.MENGHong Ying,LIUGui Zhong .Multiscaleseismicwaveforminversionbywavelettransform .ChineseJ.Geo phys.(inChinese) ,1 999,4 2 (2 ) :2 4 1— 2 4 8.
[1 1 ] 李世雄 .一维波动方程的奇性反演与小波 .地球物理学报 ,1 995,38:93— 1 0 4 .LIShi Xiong .Oddinversionof1Dwavemotionequationandwavelet.ChineseJ.Geophys(inChinese) .1 995,38:93— 1 0 4 .
[1 2 ] 王真理 ,李衍达 .利用小波变换压缩地震勘探数据 .石油地球物理勘探 ,1 995,30 (1 ) :86— 90 .WANGZhen Li,LIYan Da.Seismicdatacompressionbywavelettransform .PetroleumGeophysicalExploration(inChinese) ,1 995,30 (1 ) :86— 90 .
[1 3] 刘 财 ,张海江 ,杨宝俊 .小波变换及其在薄层识别中的应用 .石油物探 ,1 995,34 (3) :2 3— 32 .LIUCai,ZHANGHai Jiang ,YANGBao Jun .Wavelettransformanditsapplicationinthinlayerdiscrimination .PetroleumPhysicalExploration (inChinese) ,1 995,34 (3) :2 3— 32 .
[1 4 ] 朱光明 ,高静怀 ,王玉贵 .小波变换及其在一维滤波中的应用 .石油物探 ,1 993,32 (1 ) :1— 1 0 .ZHUGuang Ming,GAOJing Huai,WangYu -Gui.Wavelettransformanditsapplicationin 1Dwavefilter.PetroleumPhysicalExploration (inChinese) ,1 993,32 (1 ) :1— 1 0 .
[1 5] 罗国安 ,杜世通 .小波变换及信号重建在压制面波中的应用 .石油地球物理勘探 ,1 996,31 (2 ) :337— 34 9.LUOGuo An ,DUShi Tong.Waveletransformandsignalreconstructionandtheirapplicationinstiflingsurfacewave.PetroleumGeophysicalExploration (inChinese) ,1 996,31 (2 ) :337— 34 9.
[1 6] 杨忠民 ,黄大云 .小波变换在提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率中的应用 .石油地球物理勘探 ,1 994 ,2 9(5) :62 3— 62 9.YANGZhong Min ,HUANGDa Yun .Wavelettransformanditsapplicationinincreasingratioofsignaltonoiseandresolution .PetroleumGeophysicalExploration (inChinese) ,1 994 ,2 9(5) :62 3— 62 9.
[1 7] 张先康 ,祝治平 ,张成科等 .张家口 -渤海地震带及其两侧地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究 .活动断裂研究 ,1 998,(6) :1— 1 5.ZHANGXian Kang,ZHUZhi Ping ,ZHANGCheng Ke,etal.ResearchoncrustanduppermantletectonicsandvelocitystructureinZhangjiankaou BohaiBayseismiczoneanditstwosides.ActiveFaultResearch (inChinese) ,1 998,(6) :1— 1 5.
[1 8] 卢造勋 ,刘国栋 ,位梦华等 .辽南地区地壳与上地幔介质的横向不均匀性与海城 7 3级地震 .地震学报 ,1 990 ,4(4 ) :52 1— 534 .LUZao Xun ,LIUGuo Dong,WEIMeng Hua,etal.LiteralinhomogeneityofcrustanduppermantleinSouthernLiaoningProvinceanditsrelationto 7.3Haichengearthquake.ActaSeismologicaSinica (inChinese) .1 990 ,4 (4 ) :52 1— 534 .
[1 9] 赵俊猛 .天山造山带与准噶尔盆地岩石圈结构及其动力学过程 [博士论文 ].北京 :中国地震局地质研究所 ,1 998.ZHAOJun Meng.LithosphericstructureanddynamicprocessesofTianshanorogenicbeltandJunggarbasin .[Ph .D .thesis](inChinese) .Beijing:InstituteofGeology,ChinaSeismologicalBureau ,1 998.
[2 0 ] ZhaoJunmeng ,MengBuzai,LiAimin,et.al.Tectoniccharacteristicsofthecrustmantletransitionalzoneinnorth easternmarginoftheSino Koreanplatform .96IASPAI.ExpendedAbstract,1 996.59.
[2 1 ] 赵俊猛 ,张先康 ,赵国泽等 .不同构造环境下的壳 -幔过渡带结构 ,地学前缘 ,1 999,6(3) :1 65— 1 72 .ZHAOJun Meng ,ZHANGXian Kang ,ZHAOGuo Ze,etal.Structureofcrust mantletransitionalzoneindifferenttectonicenvironments.EarthScienceFrontiers (inChinese) ,1 999,6(3) :1 65— 1 72 .
[2 ] GrossmannA ,MorletJ.DecompositionofHardyfunctionintosquareintegrablewaveletsofconstantshape.SIAM ,J .Math .Anal.,1 984 ,1 5(4 ) :72 3— 736.
[3] MorletJ.Seismictomorrow :Interferometryandquantummechanics.Presentedatthe 4 5thAnnualInternationalSEGMeeting ,Oct.1 5,1 972 .
[4 ] MallatS .Multiresolutionrepresentationandwavelets [Ph .D .thesis].Philadelphia:PennsylvaniaUniv.,1 998.
[5] DaubechiesI.Orthogonalbasesofcompactlysupportedwavelets.Comm .onpureandappl.math .1 988,1 2 :90 9— 996.
[6] MallatS .Atheoryformultiresolutionsignaldeposition:thewaveletrepresentation .IEEETrans,AcoustSignalSpeechProcess,1 989,37:2 0 91— 2 1 1 0 .
[7] MallatS .Zero crossingsofawavelettransform .IEEETrans.1 989,37:1 0 1 9— 1 0 33.
[8] MallatS ,HwangWL .Singularitydetectionandprocessingwithwavelets.IEEETrans.1 992 ,38:61 7— 643.
[9] MallatS ,ZhongS .Characterizationofsignalsfrommultiscaleedges.IEEETrans.ofPatternAnalysisandma chineIntellegence,1 992 ,1 4 :70 1— 732 .
[1 0 ] 孟鸿鹰 ,刘贵忠 .小波变换多尺度地震波形反演 .地球物理学报 ,1 999,4 2 (2 ) :2 4 1— 2 4 8.MENGHong Ying,LIUGui Zhong .Multiscaleseismicwaveforminversionbywavelettransform .ChineseJ.Geo phys.(inChinese) ,1 999,4 2 (2 ) :2 4 1— 2 4 8.
[1 1 ] 李世雄 .一维波动方程的奇性反演与小波 .地球物理学报 ,1 995,38:93— 1 0 4 .LIShi Xiong .Oddinversionof1Dwavemotionequationandwavelet.ChineseJ.Geophys(inChinese) .1 995,38:93— 1 0 4 .
[1 2 ] 王真理 ,李衍达 .利用小波变换压缩地震勘探数据 .石油地球物理勘探 ,1 995,30 (1 ) :86— 90 .WANGZhen Li,LIYan Da.Seismicdatacompressionbywavelettransform .PetroleumGeophysicalExploration(inChinese) ,1 995,30 (1 ) :86— 90 .
[1 3] 刘 财 ,张海江 ,杨宝俊 .小波变换及其在薄层识别中的应用 .石油物探 ,1 995,34 (3) :2 3— 32 .LIUCai,ZHANGHai Jiang ,YANGBao Jun .Wavelettransformanditsapplicationinthinlayerdiscrimination .PetroleumPhysicalExploration (inChinese) ,1 995,34 (3) :2 3— 32 .
[1 4 ] 朱光明 ,高静怀 ,王玉贵 .小波变换及其在一维滤波中的应用 .石油物探 ,1 993,32 (1 ) :1— 1 0 .ZHUGuang Ming,GAOJing Huai,WangYu -Gui.Wavelettransformanditsapplicationin 1Dwavefilter.PetroleumPhysicalExploration (inChinese) ,1 993,32 (1 ) :1— 1 0 .
[1 5] 罗国安 ,杜世通 .小波变换及信号重建在压制面波中的应用 .石油地球物理勘探 ,1 996,31 (2 ) :337— 34 9.LUOGuo An ,DUShi Tong.Waveletransformandsignalreconstructionandtheirapplicationinstiflingsurfacewave.PetroleumGeophysicalExploration (inChinese) ,1 996,31 (2 ) :337— 34 9.
[1 6] 杨忠民 ,黄大云 .小波变换在提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率中的应用 .石油地球物理勘探 ,1 994 ,2 9(5) :62 3— 62 9.YANGZhong Min ,HUANGDa Yun .Wavelettransformanditsapplicationinincreasingratioofsignaltonoiseandresolution .PetroleumGeophysicalExploration (inChinese) ,1 994 ,2 9(5) :62 3— 62 9.
[1 7] 张先康 ,祝治平 ,张成科等 .张家口 -渤海地震带及其两侧地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究 .活动断裂研究 ,1 998,(6) :1— 1 5.ZHANGXian Kang,ZHUZhi Ping ,ZHANGCheng Ke,etal.ResearchoncrustanduppermantletectonicsandvelocitystructureinZhangjiankaou BohaiBayseismiczoneanditstwosides.ActiveFaultResearch (inChinese) ,1 998,(6) :1— 1 5.
[1 8] 卢造勋 ,刘国栋 ,位梦华等 .辽南地区地壳与上地幔介质的横向不均匀性与海城 7 3级地震 .地震学报 ,1 990 ,4(4 ) :52 1— 534 .LUZao Xun ,LIUGuo Dong,WEIMeng Hua,etal.LiteralinhomogeneityofcrustanduppermantleinSouthernLiaoningProvinceanditsrelationto 7.3Haichengearthquake.ActaSeismologicaSinica (inChinese) .1 990 ,4 (4 ) :52 1— 534 .
[1 9] 赵俊猛 .天山造山带与准噶尔盆地岩石圈结构及其动力学过程 [博士论文 ].北京 :中国地震局地质研究所 ,1 998.ZHAOJun Meng.LithosphericstructureanddynamicprocessesofTianshanorogenicbeltandJunggarbasin .[Ph .D .thesis](inChinese) .Beijing:InstituteofGeology,ChinaSeismologicalBureau ,1 998.
[2 0 ] ZhaoJunmeng ,MengBuzai,LiAimin,et.al.Tectoniccharacteristicsofthecrustmantletransitionalzoneinnorth easternmarginoftheSino Koreanplatform .96IASPAI.ExpendedAbstract,1 996.59.
[2 1 ] 赵俊猛 ,张先康 ,赵国泽等 .不同构造环境下的壳 -幔过渡带结构 ,地学前缘 ,1 999,6(3) :1 65— 1 72 .ZHAOJun Meng ,ZHANGXian Kang ,ZHAOGuo Ze,etal.Structureofcrust mantletransitionalzoneindifferenttectonicenvironments.EarthScienceFrontiers (inChinese) ,1 999,6(3) :1 65— 1 72 .
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