汶川8.0级地震对典型高坝结构安全的影响分析
|
摘要
汶川8.0级地震具有震级高、震源浅、破坏性强和次生地质灾害严重等特点。在对震区高坝灾情归类分析的基础上,选择典型的不同坝型高坝,包括宝珠寺重力坝、沙牌碾压混凝土拱坝、紫坪铺面板堆石坝等工程,从大坝距发震断裂距离、大坝基础处理及大坝结构类型的抗震性等因素对大坝结构安全的影响展开分析研究。结合在建的一批300 m级高坝,对抗震设防标准、水库诱发地震等问题进行讨论。结果表明:(1)现行大坝抗震设计是可行的,300 m级高坝工程抗震能力仍需深化研究;(2)大坝工程基础、抗力体经合理加固后,增强了岩体结构的整体性,可有效提高大坝及基础的抗震能力;(3)高坝应急预案的设计与管理,流域性统一公共水电工程灾害应急平台建设有待加强;(4)对水库诱发地震的研究需加强。
Based on a field investigation on large hydropower engineering of seismic region after Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake,the main earthquake-induced hazards types of large dams are analyzed.The influence of the distance between dam and seismic center,foundation reinforcement and structural types of dams on structural safety of typical large dams including Baozhushi gravity dam,Shapai arch dam and Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam,are studied.The standards of aseismic performance for super high dams of 300 m and reservoir-induced seism(RIS) are also discussed.The main results of this research can be summarized as follows.(1) The damages and behaviors of dams in the area affected by the earthquake prove that codes for aseismic design of dam are appropriate;however,aseismic design of super high dams needs further studies.(2) After proper foundation reinforcement,the strength of rock mass could be increased for improving aseismic performance.(3) Under extreme condition,the design and management of emergency preplan of large dam should be improved;and emergent platform system of valley for hydropower engineering should be developed as soon as possible.(4) How to evaluate the effect of the reservoir-induced earthquake is still the major challenge for Chinese engineers in aseismic design of large dams.
Based on a field investigation on large hydropower engineering of seismic region after Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake,the main earthquake-induced hazards types of large dams are analyzed.The influence of the distance between dam and seismic center,foundation reinforcement and structural types of dams on structural safety of typical large dams including Baozhushi gravity dam,Shapai arch dam and Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam,are studied.The standards of aseismic performance for super high dams of 300 m and reservoir-induced seism(RIS) are also discussed.The main results of this research can be summarized as follows.(1) The damages and behaviors of dams in the area affected by the earthquake prove that codes for aseismic design of dam are appropriate;however,aseismic design of super high dams needs further studies.(2) After proper foundation reinforcement,the strength of rock mass could be increased for improving aseismic performance.(3) Under extreme condition,the design and management of emergency preplan of large dam should be improved;and emergent platform system of valley for hydropower engineering should be developed as soon as possible.(4) How to evaluate the effect of the reservoir-induced earthquake is still the major challenge for Chinese engineers in aseismic design of large dams.
引文
[1]林皋.混凝土大坝抗震安全评价的发展趋向[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(1):1–12.(LIN Gao.Developing tendency of seismic safety evaluation of large concrete dams[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2006,26(1):1–12.(in Chinese))
[2]TILT B,BRAUN Y,HE D M.Social impacts of large dam projects:a comparison of international case studies and implications for best practice[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2009(in press).
[3]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2 585–2 592.(HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development and distribution results of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2 585–2 592.(in Chinese))
[4]HUBBARD J,SHAW J H.Uplift of the Longmenshan and Tibetan plateau,and the 2008 Wenchuan(Ms8.0)earthquake[J].Nature,2009,458:194–197.
[5]PARSONS T,CHEN J,KIRBY E.Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin[J].Nature,2008,454:509–510.
[6]郑声安,王仁坤,章建跃,等.汶川地震对岷江上游水电工程的影响[J].水力发电,2008,34(11):5–9.(ZHENG Sheng′an,WANG Renkun,ZHANG Jianyue,et al.Influence analysis of Wenchuan earthquake on the hydropower projects in the upstream of the Minjiang River[J].Water Power,2008,34(11):5–9.(in Chinese))
[7]陈厚群,徐泽平,李敏.汶川大地震和大坝抗震安全[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):1 158–1 167.(CHEN Houqun,XU Zeping,LI Min.Wenchuan large earthquake and seismic safety of large dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(10):1 158–1 167.(in Chinese))
[8]陈生水,霍家十,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝上面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795–801.(CHEN Shengshui,HUO Jiashi,ZHANG Weimin.Influence and reason analysis of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake on Zipingpu dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795–801.(in Chinese))
[9]NAI D J,MEI P J,赵书丽,等.从地震对大坝的影响吸取教训[J].国际水力发电,1992,44(3):37–39,50.(NAI D J,MEI P J.ZHAO Shuli,et al.Lesson from seismic affect on large dam[J].International Hydropower,1992,44(3):37–39,50.(in Chinese))
[10]李睿,倪鹏.大坝地震安全问题[J].国际水力发电,2004,(2):37–40.(LI Rui,NI Peng.Seismic safety of large dam[J].International Hydropower,2004,(2):37–40.(in Chinese))
[11]周维垣,林鹏,杨若琼,等.高拱坝地质力学模型试验方法与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.(ZHOU Weiyuan,LIN Peng,YANG Ruoqiong,et al.Method and application of geomechanical model test on high arch dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[12]杜建国,林皋.地基刚度和不均匀性对混凝土大坝地震响应的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):817–823.(DU Jianguo,LIN Gao.Effect of foundation stiffness and anisotropy on seismic response of concrete dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(7):817–823.(in Chinese))
[13]李可佳,庄文中.改善大坝抗震安全性[J].国际水力发电,2002,(3):1–3.(LI Kejia,ZHUANG Wenzhong.Development on seismic safety of large dam[J].International Hydropower,2002,(3):1–3.(in Chinese))
[14]TOSUN H,ZORLUER?,ORHAN A,et al.Seismic hazard and total risk analyses for large dams in Euphrates basin,Turkey[J].Engineering Geology,2007,89(1/2):155–170.
[15]姚运生.“长江三峡水库诱发地震监测”项目成果介绍[J].国际地震动态,2006,(9):67–69.(YAO Yunsheng,Report of monitor on reservoir induced seism of Three Georges[J].International Earthquake Developments,2006,(9):67–69.(in Chinese))
[16]DESILON G S.Seism and large dam,power and valley exploitation of India[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1992.
[17]王云基.四川紫坪铺水库区水文地质与工程地质条件研究[J].四川地震,2001,(2):6–13(WANG Yunji.Hydrogeologic and engineering geologic conditions of Zipingpu reservoir area,Sichuan[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,2001,(2):6–13.(in Chinese))
[18]KERR R A,STONE R.A human trigger for the great quake of Sichuan?[OL].http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/323/5912/322,2008.
[2]TILT B,BRAUN Y,HE D M.Social impacts of large dam projects:a comparison of international case studies and implications for best practice[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2009(in press).
[3]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2 585–2 592.(HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development and distribution results of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2 585–2 592.(in Chinese))
[4]HUBBARD J,SHAW J H.Uplift of the Longmenshan and Tibetan plateau,and the 2008 Wenchuan(Ms8.0)earthquake[J].Nature,2009,458:194–197.
[5]PARSONS T,CHEN J,KIRBY E.Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin[J].Nature,2008,454:509–510.
[6]郑声安,王仁坤,章建跃,等.汶川地震对岷江上游水电工程的影响[J].水力发电,2008,34(11):5–9.(ZHENG Sheng′an,WANG Renkun,ZHANG Jianyue,et al.Influence analysis of Wenchuan earthquake on the hydropower projects in the upstream of the Minjiang River[J].Water Power,2008,34(11):5–9.(in Chinese))
[7]陈厚群,徐泽平,李敏.汶川大地震和大坝抗震安全[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):1 158–1 167.(CHEN Houqun,XU Zeping,LI Min.Wenchuan large earthquake and seismic safety of large dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(10):1 158–1 167.(in Chinese))
[8]陈生水,霍家十,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝上面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795–801.(CHEN Shengshui,HUO Jiashi,ZHANG Weimin.Influence and reason analysis of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake on Zipingpu dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795–801.(in Chinese))
[9]NAI D J,MEI P J,赵书丽,等.从地震对大坝的影响吸取教训[J].国际水力发电,1992,44(3):37–39,50.(NAI D J,MEI P J.ZHAO Shuli,et al.Lesson from seismic affect on large dam[J].International Hydropower,1992,44(3):37–39,50.(in Chinese))
[10]李睿,倪鹏.大坝地震安全问题[J].国际水力发电,2004,(2):37–40.(LI Rui,NI Peng.Seismic safety of large dam[J].International Hydropower,2004,(2):37–40.(in Chinese))
[11]周维垣,林鹏,杨若琼,等.高拱坝地质力学模型试验方法与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.(ZHOU Weiyuan,LIN Peng,YANG Ruoqiong,et al.Method and application of geomechanical model test on high arch dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[12]杜建国,林皋.地基刚度和不均匀性对混凝土大坝地震响应的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):817–823.(DU Jianguo,LIN Gao.Effect of foundation stiffness and anisotropy on seismic response of concrete dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(7):817–823.(in Chinese))
[13]李可佳,庄文中.改善大坝抗震安全性[J].国际水力发电,2002,(3):1–3.(LI Kejia,ZHUANG Wenzhong.Development on seismic safety of large dam[J].International Hydropower,2002,(3):1–3.(in Chinese))
[14]TOSUN H,ZORLUER?,ORHAN A,et al.Seismic hazard and total risk analyses for large dams in Euphrates basin,Turkey[J].Engineering Geology,2007,89(1/2):155–170.
[15]姚运生.“长江三峡水库诱发地震监测”项目成果介绍[J].国际地震动态,2006,(9):67–69.(YAO Yunsheng,Report of monitor on reservoir induced seism of Three Georges[J].International Earthquake Developments,2006,(9):67–69.(in Chinese))
[16]DESILON G S.Seism and large dam,power and valley exploitation of India[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1992.
[17]王云基.四川紫坪铺水库区水文地质与工程地质条件研究[J].四川地震,2001,(2):6–13(WANG Yunji.Hydrogeologic and engineering geologic conditions of Zipingpu reservoir area,Sichuan[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,2001,(2):6–13.(in Chinese))
[18]KERR R A,STONE R.A human trigger for the great quake of Sichuan?[OL].http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/323/5912/322,2008.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心