地球内部矿物相变及其地质意义
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摘要
地球内部矿物相变主要包括固—固相转变和固—液 (熔体 )相物态转变。相变对矿物和岩石的物理性质有重要影响 ,会导致电导率、弹性波速、热力学、流变学参数的异常和产生相变磁效应等。相变具有重要的地质意义 ,可用于建立地幔矿物模型剖面 ,为地震波速不连续界面提供解释并且深刻影响地球深部的物质运动 ,包括导致地震和火山喷发。
Phase transition of the Earth's interior mineral mainly includes solid solid phase transformation and solid melt state change.It exerts an important influence on mineral physical properties,such as resulting in the abnormalities of conductivity,elastic wave velocity,thermodynamics and magnetic effect and so on.The geological significance of phase transition is presented as follows:(1)helping to build the mineral model profile of the mantle,(2)interpreting the seismic wave velocity discontinuity,and (3)influencing the Earth's deep interior materials movement,including earthquake and volcano eruption.
Phase transition of the Earth's interior mineral mainly includes solid solid phase transformation and solid melt state change.It exerts an important influence on mineral physical properties,such as resulting in the abnormalities of conductivity,elastic wave velocity,thermodynamics and magnetic effect and so on.The geological significance of phase transition is presented as follows:(1)helping to build the mineral model profile of the mantle,(2)interpreting the seismic wave velocity discontinuity,and (3)influencing the Earth's deep interior materials movement,including earthquake and volcano eruption.
引文
[ 1] 谢鸿森 .地球物质科学导论 [M] .北京 :科学出版社 ,1997.2 15— 2 41.
[2 ] Bridgm an P W.Polym orphic transitions and geological pheno-mena [J] . Amer JSci,1945 ,2 43:90— 97.
[3 ] 陈丰 ,林传易 ,张惠芬 ,等 .矿物物理学概论 [M] .北京 :科学出版社 ,1995 .
[4] Anderson D L. Theory of the Earth [M] . Oxford:BlackwellScientific Publications,1989. 337— 347.
[5 ] Chaplot S L,Choudhury N,Rao K R.Moleculardynamics simu-lation of phase transitions and melting in Mg Si O3 with the per-ovskite structure[J] . Am Mineral,1998,83:937— 941.
[6 ] Waff H S.Theoretical consideration of electrical conductivity ina partially molten mantle and implications for geothermom etry[J] . JGeophys Res,1974,79(2 6 ) :40 0 3— 40 10 .
[7] Watanabe T,Kurita K.The relationship between electrical con-ductivity and melt fraction in a partially molten system:Arche'slaw behavior[J] .Phys Earth Planet Inter,1993,78:9— 17.
[8] Watanabe T,Kurita K.Simultaneous measurements of the com-pressional wave velocity and the electrical conductivity in a par-tially molten material[J] .JPhys Planet Earth,1994,42 :6 9—87.
[9 ] 宋茂双 ,谢鸿森 ,张月明 ,等 .高温高压下碱性橄榄玄武岩的 P波速度及其影响因素 [J] .科学通报 ,1996 ,41(18) :16 92— 16 94.
[10 ] Matsushima S. Compressional and shear wave velocities of ig-neous rocks and volcanic glasses to90 0℃ and2 0 kbar[J] .Tectonophysics,1981,75 :2 5 7— 2 71.
[11] Matsushima S.Partial melting of rocks observed by the soundvelocity m ethod and the possibility of a quasi-dry low velocityzone in the upper mantle [J] . Physics of the Earth and Plane-tary Interiors,1989,5 5 (3— 4) :30 6— 312 .
[12 ] Murase T,Kushiro I. Compressional wave velocity in partiallym olten peridotite at high pressure[J] .Carnegie Inst Wash YB,1979,78:5 5 9— 5 6 2 .
[13] Muller H J,Rab S. Elastic wave velocities of granite at experi-mental simulationed partial melting conditions [J] . Phys ChemEarth,1997,2 2 (1— 2 ) :93— 96 .
[14 ] 赵志丹 ,高山 ,骆庭川 ,等 .秦岭和华北地区地壳低速层的成因探讨——岩石高温高压波速实验证据 [J] .地球物理学报 ,1996 ,39(5 ) :6 42— 6 5 2 .
[15 ] 杨树锋 ,陈汉林 ,姜续双 ,等 .高温高压下华南 I型和 S型花岗岩的弹性波速特征及其地质意义 [J] .中国科学 (D辑 ) ,1997,2 7:33— 38.
[16 ] 周文戈 ,谢鸿森 ,赵志丹 ,等 . 2 .0 GPa室温至 16 2 3K条件下粗面玄武岩的纵波速度与相变 [J] .自然科学进展 ,1999,9(1) :5 8— 6 3.
[17] Li B S,Gwanmesia G D,L iberman R C.Sound velocity of o-livine and beta polymorphs of Mg2 Si O4at earth's transitionzone pressure[J] .Geophys Res L ett,1996 ,2 3 (17) :2 2 5 9—2 2 6 2 .
[18] Sato H,Sacks I S,Murase T.The use of laboratory velocitydata for estimating temperature and partial melt fraction in thelow-velocity zone:com parison with heat flow and electricalconductivity studies[J] .JGeophys Res,1989,94(B5 ) :5 6 89—5 70 4.
[19] 丁鉴海 ,卢振业 ,黄香雪 .地震地磁学 [M] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1994. 16 1— 16 5 .
[2 0 ] Kunding W,Cape JA,Lindquist R H,et al. Some magneticproperties of Fe2 Si O4from 4K to 30 0 K [J] . J App Phys,196 7,38(3) :947— 948.
[2 1] Prewitt C T.地球物质研究 [M] .谢鸿森 ,侯谓 ,张福勤译 .西安 :西北大学出版社 ,1991.
[2 2 ] 王子潮 .地球内部的相变及其动力学意义 [A] .马宗晋 .现今地球动力学问题研究讨论会论文集 [C] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1993. 90— 10 5 .
[2 3] Ringwood T E.Composition and petrology of the Earth's man-tle[M] .New York:Mcgraw-Hill,1975 .
[2 4] Weidner D L.A mineral physics testof pyrolite mantle[J] .Geo-phy Res L ett,1985 ,12 :417— 42 0 .
[2 5 ] Bass J,Anderson D L.Composition of the upper mantle:geo-physical test of the m odels[J] .Geophys Res L ett,1984,11:2 37— 2 40 .
[2 6 ] Condie K C.Plate Tectonics and Crust Evolution[M] .Boston:Butterworth Heinem ann,1997.
[2 7] 邓晋福 ,赵海玲 .中国东部新生代上部软流圈性质及变迁历史 [A] .中国矿物岩石地球化学学会地幔矿物岩石地球化学专业委员会 .中国上地幔特征与动力学论文集 [C] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1990 . 8— 13.
[2 8] 邓晋福 ,莫宣学 ,赵海玲 .地球物质的分层火山作用与热点和再循环 ,全球多层对流系统 [A] .马宗晋 .现今地球动力学问题研究讨论会论文集 [C] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1993.15 4— 16 0 .
[2 9] Ringwood A E and Irifune T.Nature of the 6 5 0 km seismic dis-continuity:implications and mantle dynamics and differentiation[J] .Nature,1988,331:131— 136 .
[30 ] Anderson D L .Chemical stratification of the m antle[J] .JGeo-phys Res,1980 ,84:6 2 97— 6 2 98.
[31] Irifune T,Ringwood A E.Phase transform ations in subductedoceanic and buoyancy relationships atdepth of6 0 0— 80 0 km inthe mantle [J] .Earth Planet Sci L ett,1993,117:10 1— 110 .
[32 ] Karato S,L i P.Diffusion creep in perovskite:implication forthe rheology of the lower mantle [J] . Science,1991,2 5 2 :12 38— 12 40 .
[33] Burnly P C,Green H W,Prior D J.Faulting associated withthe olivine to spinel transformation in Mg2 Ge O4and its implica-tion for deep-focus earthquakes [J] .JGeophys Res,1991,96(B1) :42 5— 443.
[34] Rubie D C,Ross C R.Kinetics of the olivine-spinel transfor-mation in subducting lithosphere:experimental constraints andimplications for deep slab processes[J] .Phys of the Ear andPlan Inter,1994,86 :2 2 3— 2 41.
[35 ] Kirby S H,Durham W B,Stern L A.Mantle phase changesand deep-earthquake faulting in subducting lithosphere[J] .Sci-ence,1991,2 5 2 :2 16— 2 2 5 .
[36 ] 李玉锁 ,修济刚 ,李继泰 ,等 .火山喷发机制与预报 [M] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1988. 1— 7.
[2 ] Bridgm an P W.Polym orphic transitions and geological pheno-mena [J] . Amer JSci,1945 ,2 43:90— 97.
[3 ] 陈丰 ,林传易 ,张惠芬 ,等 .矿物物理学概论 [M] .北京 :科学出版社 ,1995 .
[4] Anderson D L. Theory of the Earth [M] . Oxford:BlackwellScientific Publications,1989. 337— 347.
[5 ] Chaplot S L,Choudhury N,Rao K R.Moleculardynamics simu-lation of phase transitions and melting in Mg Si O3 with the per-ovskite structure[J] . Am Mineral,1998,83:937— 941.
[6 ] Waff H S.Theoretical consideration of electrical conductivity ina partially molten mantle and implications for geothermom etry[J] . JGeophys Res,1974,79(2 6 ) :40 0 3— 40 10 .
[7] Watanabe T,Kurita K.The relationship between electrical con-ductivity and melt fraction in a partially molten system:Arche'slaw behavior[J] .Phys Earth Planet Inter,1993,78:9— 17.
[8] Watanabe T,Kurita K.Simultaneous measurements of the com-pressional wave velocity and the electrical conductivity in a par-tially molten material[J] .JPhys Planet Earth,1994,42 :6 9—87.
[9 ] 宋茂双 ,谢鸿森 ,张月明 ,等 .高温高压下碱性橄榄玄武岩的 P波速度及其影响因素 [J] .科学通报 ,1996 ,41(18) :16 92— 16 94.
[10 ] Matsushima S. Compressional and shear wave velocities of ig-neous rocks and volcanic glasses to90 0℃ and2 0 kbar[J] .Tectonophysics,1981,75 :2 5 7— 2 71.
[11] Matsushima S.Partial melting of rocks observed by the soundvelocity m ethod and the possibility of a quasi-dry low velocityzone in the upper mantle [J] . Physics of the Earth and Plane-tary Interiors,1989,5 5 (3— 4) :30 6— 312 .
[12 ] Murase T,Kushiro I. Compressional wave velocity in partiallym olten peridotite at high pressure[J] .Carnegie Inst Wash YB,1979,78:5 5 9— 5 6 2 .
[13] Muller H J,Rab S. Elastic wave velocities of granite at experi-mental simulationed partial melting conditions [J] . Phys ChemEarth,1997,2 2 (1— 2 ) :93— 96 .
[14 ] 赵志丹 ,高山 ,骆庭川 ,等 .秦岭和华北地区地壳低速层的成因探讨——岩石高温高压波速实验证据 [J] .地球物理学报 ,1996 ,39(5 ) :6 42— 6 5 2 .
[15 ] 杨树锋 ,陈汉林 ,姜续双 ,等 .高温高压下华南 I型和 S型花岗岩的弹性波速特征及其地质意义 [J] .中国科学 (D辑 ) ,1997,2 7:33— 38.
[16 ] 周文戈 ,谢鸿森 ,赵志丹 ,等 . 2 .0 GPa室温至 16 2 3K条件下粗面玄武岩的纵波速度与相变 [J] .自然科学进展 ,1999,9(1) :5 8— 6 3.
[17] Li B S,Gwanmesia G D,L iberman R C.Sound velocity of o-livine and beta polymorphs of Mg2 Si O4at earth's transitionzone pressure[J] .Geophys Res L ett,1996 ,2 3 (17) :2 2 5 9—2 2 6 2 .
[18] Sato H,Sacks I S,Murase T.The use of laboratory velocitydata for estimating temperature and partial melt fraction in thelow-velocity zone:com parison with heat flow and electricalconductivity studies[J] .JGeophys Res,1989,94(B5 ) :5 6 89—5 70 4.
[19] 丁鉴海 ,卢振业 ,黄香雪 .地震地磁学 [M] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1994. 16 1— 16 5 .
[2 0 ] Kunding W,Cape JA,Lindquist R H,et al. Some magneticproperties of Fe2 Si O4from 4K to 30 0 K [J] . J App Phys,196 7,38(3) :947— 948.
[2 1] Prewitt C T.地球物质研究 [M] .谢鸿森 ,侯谓 ,张福勤译 .西安 :西北大学出版社 ,1991.
[2 2 ] 王子潮 .地球内部的相变及其动力学意义 [A] .马宗晋 .现今地球动力学问题研究讨论会论文集 [C] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1993. 90— 10 5 .
[2 3] Ringwood T E.Composition and petrology of the Earth's man-tle[M] .New York:Mcgraw-Hill,1975 .
[2 4] Weidner D L.A mineral physics testof pyrolite mantle[J] .Geo-phy Res L ett,1985 ,12 :417— 42 0 .
[2 5 ] Bass J,Anderson D L.Composition of the upper mantle:geo-physical test of the m odels[J] .Geophys Res L ett,1984,11:2 37— 2 40 .
[2 6 ] Condie K C.Plate Tectonics and Crust Evolution[M] .Boston:Butterworth Heinem ann,1997.
[2 7] 邓晋福 ,赵海玲 .中国东部新生代上部软流圈性质及变迁历史 [A] .中国矿物岩石地球化学学会地幔矿物岩石地球化学专业委员会 .中国上地幔特征与动力学论文集 [C] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1990 . 8— 13.
[2 8] 邓晋福 ,莫宣学 ,赵海玲 .地球物质的分层火山作用与热点和再循环 ,全球多层对流系统 [A] .马宗晋 .现今地球动力学问题研究讨论会论文集 [C] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1993.15 4— 16 0 .
[2 9] Ringwood A E and Irifune T.Nature of the 6 5 0 km seismic dis-continuity:implications and mantle dynamics and differentiation[J] .Nature,1988,331:131— 136 .
[30 ] Anderson D L .Chemical stratification of the m antle[J] .JGeo-phys Res,1980 ,84:6 2 97— 6 2 98.
[31] Irifune T,Ringwood A E.Phase transform ations in subductedoceanic and buoyancy relationships atdepth of6 0 0— 80 0 km inthe mantle [J] .Earth Planet Sci L ett,1993,117:10 1— 110 .
[32 ] Karato S,L i P.Diffusion creep in perovskite:implication forthe rheology of the lower mantle [J] . Science,1991,2 5 2 :12 38— 12 40 .
[33] Burnly P C,Green H W,Prior D J.Faulting associated withthe olivine to spinel transformation in Mg2 Ge O4and its implica-tion for deep-focus earthquakes [J] .JGeophys Res,1991,96(B1) :42 5— 443.
[34] Rubie D C,Ross C R.Kinetics of the olivine-spinel transfor-mation in subducting lithosphere:experimental constraints andimplications for deep slab processes[J] .Phys of the Ear andPlan Inter,1994,86 :2 2 3— 2 41.
[35 ] Kirby S H,Durham W B,Stern L A.Mantle phase changesand deep-earthquake faulting in subducting lithosphere[J] .Sci-ence,1991,2 5 2 :2 16— 2 2 5 .
[36 ] 李玉锁 ,修济刚 ,李继泰 ,等 .火山喷发机制与预报 [M] .北京 :地震出版社 ,1988. 1— 7.
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