塔里木盆地岩石高温高压下波速的实验研究及其地质意义
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摘要
给出了塔里木盆地多种岩石样品在高温高压下弹性波纵波波速(Vp)的实验室测量结果。在最大压力为2 GPa,常温下样品的Vp范围从6．007-6．803 km·s-1时,最大值为安山质火山碎屑岩;当温度为600℃,Vp范围从 5．871-6．658 km·s-1时,其最大值是安山岩。结合地震转换波速度结构等资料,分析认为塔里木盆地地壳结构在大部分地区可三分:上地壳为花岗质变质岩为主;中地壳以花岗闪长岩为特征;下地壳是以安山玄武质成分为特征的岩层。
The results of experimental measurements on elastic wave velocity (Vp) for rocks of different types from Tarim Basin at high temperatures and high pressures are presented here. The Vp of samples at ordinary temperature ranges from 6. 007 km·s-1 to 6. 803 km·s-1, given the maximum pressure at 2. 0 GPa, and the andesitic volcanoclastic rock has the largest Vp. At the temperature of 600℃, the Vp varies between 5. 871 km·s-1 and 6. 658 km·s-1, and the largest Vp value is obtained also for andesite. Combined with the velocity structure derived from seismic converted wave in study area, here we propose that the crustal structure in the most areas of Tarim Basin is of three layers: the upper crust consists mainly of granitic metamorphic rocks, the middle crust is mainly made of granitic diorite, and the lower crust is mainly composed of andesitic basalts.
The results of experimental measurements on elastic wave velocity (Vp) for rocks of different types from Tarim Basin at high temperatures and high pressures are presented here. The Vp of samples at ordinary temperature ranges from 6. 007 km·s-1 to 6. 803 km·s-1, given the maximum pressure at 2. 0 GPa, and the andesitic volcanoclastic rock has the largest Vp. At the temperature of 600℃, the Vp varies between 5. 871 km·s-1 and 6. 658 km·s-1, and the largest Vp value is obtained also for andesite. Combined with the velocity structure derived from seismic converted wave in study area, here we propose that the crustal structure in the most areas of Tarim Basin is of three layers: the upper crust consists mainly of granitic metamorphic rocks, the middle crust is mainly made of granitic diorite, and the lower crust is mainly composed of andesitic basalts.
引文
Birch F. 1961. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilo-bars - Part 2. J. Geophy. Res. , 66: 2199 -2224.
颐芷娟,周召林.1995．壳内低速高导层成因初步探讨．中国科学(B 辑),25(1):108-112． [Gu Zhijuan, Zhou Zhaolin. 1995. Genesis of low-velocity and high-conductivity layer in the crust, Science in China (Ser. B) , 25 (1) : 108-112 ( in Chinese)]
侯渭,谢鸿森．1993．应用于地球深部物质科学研究的静态超高压实 验技术．地球科学进展,8(3):7-13． [Hou Wei, Xie Hongsen. 1993. The static ultrahigh-pressure experiment technique for earth interior material research. Advance in Earth Sciences,8(3) : 7-13 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
贾承造主编．1997．中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气．北京:石油工 业出版社,29-92． [Jia Chengzao. 1997. Structural and Oil-Gas Characteristics of Tarim Basin, China. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 29-92 (in Chinese)]
刘永祥,伍旭光．1997．高温高压下岩石波速与地壳深部的物质组 成．地球物理学报,40(2):212-220． [Liu Yongxiang, Wu Xuguang. 1997. Wave velocity in rocks under high temperature and pressure and composition of the deep crust. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 40(2) : 212-220 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
刘志,张先康,周雪松,等．2003．帕米尔东北侧地壳物性结构及其发 震环境探讨．地震学报,25(3):242-249． [Liu Zhi, Zhang Xiankang, Zhou Xuesong, et al. 2003. Study of crustal structure in terns of physical property and discussion on seismogenic environment in the Northeastern Pamirs. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 25(3) : 242 -249 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
马麦宁,白武明．1999．高温高压实验弹性波速研究及其地球动力学 意义．地球物理学进展,14(1):40-55. [Ma Maining, Bai Wuming. 1999. Progress of high temperature and pressure study on elastic wave velocity and its geodynamical implications. Progress in Geophysics, 14(1) : 40-55 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
Mueller J H. 1995. Modeling the lower crust by simulation of the in situ conditions: an example from the Saxonian Erzgebirge. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , 92:3-15.
Qin Wang, Shaocheng Ji, Matthew H. Salisbury, et al. 2005. Pressure dependence and anisotropy of P-wave velocities in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belts (China):Implications for seismic properties of subducted slabs and origin of mantle reflections. Tectonophysics, 398: 67-99.
邵学钟,张家茹．1994．塔里木盆地深部构造的转换波探测结果．地 球物理学报,38(6):836． [Shao Xuezhong, Zhang Jiaru. 1994. Preliminary results of study of deep structures in Tarim basin by the method of converted waves of earthquakes. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 38 (6):836 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
宋茂双,谢鸿森,郑海飞,等．1996a．高温高压下主要上地幔矿物的波 速测量及地质意义．中国科学(D辑),26(2):173-178． [Song Maoshuang, Xie Hongsen, Zheng Haifei, et al. 1996a. P-wave velocities of main upper mantle minerals at high temperature and high pressure and its geological implication. Science in China (Ser. D),26(2):173-178 (in Chinese)]
宋茂双,谢鸿森,张月明,等.1996b.高温高压下碱性橄榄玄武岩的P 波速度及其影响因素．科学通报,41(18):1692-1694. [Song Maoshuang, Xie Hongsen, Zhang Yueming, et al. 1996b. P-wave velocities of alkali-olivine basalts at high temperature and high pressure and its influence factors. Chinese Science Bulletin, 41(18): 1692-1694 (in Chinese)]
王良书,李成,杨春．1996．塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征．地球物理 学报．39(6):794-803． [Wang Liangshu, Li Cheng, Yang Chun. 1996. The Lithospheric thermal structure beneath Tarim Basin, western China. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 39 (6) : 794-803 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
王良书,李成,刘福田,等．2000．中国东、西部两类盆地热-流变学结 构．中国科学(D辑),30(增刊):116-121． [Wang Liangshu, Li Cheng, Liu Futian, et al. 2000. Thermal-rheologi-cal structure of the lithosphere beneath two types of basins in eastern and western China. Science in China (Ser. D) , 30 (supplement) : 116-121 (in Chinese)]
王良书,邵学钟,张家茹,等．1997．塔里术盆地地球物理场与深部构 造特征．见:贾承造主编．中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气．北 京:石油工业出版社,29-92． [Wang Liangshu, Shao Xuezhong, Zhang Jiaru, et al. 1997. The geophysical field and deep structure beneath Tarim Basin. In: Jia Chengzao. Structural and Oil-Gas Characteristics of Tarim Basin, China. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 29 -92 (in Chinese)]
王勤,嵇少丞,许志琴,等．2005．榴辉岩的地震波性质:对苏鲁超高 压变质带地壳成分和折返机制的探讨.岩石学报,21(2):451- 464． [Wang Qin, Ji Shaocheng, Xu Zhiqin, et al 2005. Seismic properties of eclogites: implications on crustal composition and exhumation mechanism of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt. Acta. Petro-logica Sinica, 21 (2) : 451 - 464 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
王有学,韩果花,姜枚,等,2004．阿尔泰-阿尔金地学断面地壳结 构.地球物理学报,47(2):240-249． [Wang Youxue, Han Guohua, Jiang Mei, et al. 2004. Crustal structure along the geosciences transect from Altay to Altun Tagh. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,47(2):240-249, (in Chinese with English abstract)]
谢鸿森,张月明．1993．高温高压条件下测量岩石波速的新方法及其 意义．中国科学(B辑),23(8):861-886 [Xie Hongsen, Zhang Yueming. 1993. The new methods of measurement of wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure and implications. Science in China (Ser. B), 23(8):861 -886 (in Chinese)]
谢鸿森,周文戈,赵志丹,等.1998．高温高压条件下岩石弹性波速测 量．地学前缘,5(4):329-337． [Xie Hongsen, Zhou Wenge, Zhao Zhidan, et al. 1998. Measurement of elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure. Earth Science Frontiers, 5(4) : 329-337 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
谢鸿森,侯谓,周文戈,等．2000.地球深部物质科学-在静高压高压大 腔体实验研究方面的某些进展．地学前缘,7(1):217-228. [Xie Hongsen, Hou Wei, Zhou Wenge, et al. 2000. On material science of the earth's interior. Earth Science Frontiers, 7(1) : 217 -228 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
杨树锋,谢鸿森．1997．高温高压下华南I型花岗岩和S型花岗岩的 波速特征及其地质意义．中国科学(D辑),27(1),33-38． [Yang Shufeng, Xie Hongsen. 1997. Properties of wave velocity for two types of granitoids at high pressure and high temperature: their geological meaning. Science in China (Ser. D) , 27(1) : 33-38 (in Chinese)]
Zappone A, Fernandez M, Garcia-Duenas, et al. 2000. Laboratory measurements of seismic P-wave velocities on rocks from the Betic chain (southern Iberian Peninsula). Tectonophysics, 317:259-272
张友南,马瑾.1997．深部地壳镁铁质岩石波速的研究．地球物理学 报,40(3):221-230. [Zhang Younan, Ma Jin. 1997. Investigation on wave velocities of mafic rocks in deep crust, Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 40(3) : 221 -230 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
张友南,孙君秀.1999.华北北部克拉通地壳岩石的波速特征与地壳 物质组成．地震地质,21(1):147-154． [Zhang Younan,Sun Junxiu．1999．Characters of wave velocity and con- stitution structure of rocks of the craton crust in North part of North China. Seismology and Geology, 21 (1): 147 - 154 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
赵志丹,高山,骆庭川,等．1996．秦岭和华北地区地壳低速层的成因 探讨——岩石高温高压波速实验证据．地球物理学报,39(5): 642-652． [Zhao Zhidan, Gao Shan, Luo Tingchuan, et al. 1996. Origin of the crustal low velocity layer of Qinling and North China: evidence from laboratory measurement of P-wave velocity in rocks at high PT conditions. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 39(5) : 642-652 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
周文戈,谢鸿森,赵志丹,等.1999．高温、高压下粗面玄武岩相变对 其波速影响的研究．科学通报,44(4):424-427． [Zhou Wenge, Xie Hongsen, Zhao Zhidan, et al. 1999. Investigations on phase transformation in a trachybasalt at high temperature and high pressure and its influences on wave velocities. Chinese Science Bulletin,44(4) : 424-427 (in Chinese)]
颐芷娟,周召林.1995．壳内低速高导层成因初步探讨．中国科学(B 辑),25(1):108-112． [Gu Zhijuan, Zhou Zhaolin. 1995. Genesis of low-velocity and high-conductivity layer in the crust, Science in China (Ser. B) , 25 (1) : 108-112 ( in Chinese)]
侯渭,谢鸿森．1993．应用于地球深部物质科学研究的静态超高压实 验技术．地球科学进展,8(3):7-13． [Hou Wei, Xie Hongsen. 1993. The static ultrahigh-pressure experiment technique for earth interior material research. Advance in Earth Sciences,8(3) : 7-13 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
贾承造主编．1997．中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气．北京:石油工 业出版社,29-92． [Jia Chengzao. 1997. Structural and Oil-Gas Characteristics of Tarim Basin, China. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 29-92 (in Chinese)]
刘永祥,伍旭光．1997．高温高压下岩石波速与地壳深部的物质组 成．地球物理学报,40(2):212-220． [Liu Yongxiang, Wu Xuguang. 1997. Wave velocity in rocks under high temperature and pressure and composition of the deep crust. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 40(2) : 212-220 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
刘志,张先康,周雪松,等．2003．帕米尔东北侧地壳物性结构及其发 震环境探讨．地震学报,25(3):242-249． [Liu Zhi, Zhang Xiankang, Zhou Xuesong, et al. 2003. Study of crustal structure in terns of physical property and discussion on seismogenic environment in the Northeastern Pamirs. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 25(3) : 242 -249 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
马麦宁,白武明．1999．高温高压实验弹性波速研究及其地球动力学 意义．地球物理学进展,14(1):40-55. [Ma Maining, Bai Wuming. 1999. Progress of high temperature and pressure study on elastic wave velocity and its geodynamical implications. Progress in Geophysics, 14(1) : 40-55 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
Mueller J H. 1995. Modeling the lower crust by simulation of the in situ conditions: an example from the Saxonian Erzgebirge. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , 92:3-15.
Qin Wang, Shaocheng Ji, Matthew H. Salisbury, et al. 2005. Pressure dependence and anisotropy of P-wave velocities in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belts (China):Implications for seismic properties of subducted slabs and origin of mantle reflections. Tectonophysics, 398: 67-99.
邵学钟,张家茹．1994．塔里木盆地深部构造的转换波探测结果．地 球物理学报,38(6):836． [Shao Xuezhong, Zhang Jiaru. 1994. Preliminary results of study of deep structures in Tarim basin by the method of converted waves of earthquakes. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 38 (6):836 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
宋茂双,谢鸿森,郑海飞,等．1996a．高温高压下主要上地幔矿物的波 速测量及地质意义．中国科学(D辑),26(2):173-178． [Song Maoshuang, Xie Hongsen, Zheng Haifei, et al. 1996a. P-wave velocities of main upper mantle minerals at high temperature and high pressure and its geological implication. Science in China (Ser. D),26(2):173-178 (in Chinese)]
宋茂双,谢鸿森,张月明,等.1996b.高温高压下碱性橄榄玄武岩的P 波速度及其影响因素．科学通报,41(18):1692-1694. [Song Maoshuang, Xie Hongsen, Zhang Yueming, et al. 1996b. P-wave velocities of alkali-olivine basalts at high temperature and high pressure and its influence factors. Chinese Science Bulletin, 41(18): 1692-1694 (in Chinese)]
王良书,李成,杨春．1996．塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征．地球物理 学报．39(6):794-803． [Wang Liangshu, Li Cheng, Yang Chun. 1996. The Lithospheric thermal structure beneath Tarim Basin, western China. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 39 (6) : 794-803 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
王良书,李成,刘福田,等．2000．中国东、西部两类盆地热-流变学结 构．中国科学(D辑),30(增刊):116-121． [Wang Liangshu, Li Cheng, Liu Futian, et al. 2000. Thermal-rheologi-cal structure of the lithosphere beneath two types of basins in eastern and western China. Science in China (Ser. D) , 30 (supplement) : 116-121 (in Chinese)]
王良书,邵学钟,张家茹,等．1997．塔里术盆地地球物理场与深部构 造特征．见:贾承造主编．中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气．北 京:石油工业出版社,29-92． [Wang Liangshu, Shao Xuezhong, Zhang Jiaru, et al. 1997. The geophysical field and deep structure beneath Tarim Basin. In: Jia Chengzao. Structural and Oil-Gas Characteristics of Tarim Basin, China. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 29 -92 (in Chinese)]
王勤,嵇少丞,许志琴,等．2005．榴辉岩的地震波性质:对苏鲁超高 压变质带地壳成分和折返机制的探讨.岩石学报,21(2):451- 464． [Wang Qin, Ji Shaocheng, Xu Zhiqin, et al 2005. Seismic properties of eclogites: implications on crustal composition and exhumation mechanism of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt. Acta. Petro-logica Sinica, 21 (2) : 451 - 464 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
王有学,韩果花,姜枚,等,2004．阿尔泰-阿尔金地学断面地壳结 构.地球物理学报,47(2):240-249． [Wang Youxue, Han Guohua, Jiang Mei, et al. 2004. Crustal structure along the geosciences transect from Altay to Altun Tagh. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,47(2):240-249, (in Chinese with English abstract)]
谢鸿森,张月明．1993．高温高压条件下测量岩石波速的新方法及其 意义．中国科学(B辑),23(8):861-886 [Xie Hongsen, Zhang Yueming. 1993. The new methods of measurement of wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure and implications. Science in China (Ser. B), 23(8):861 -886 (in Chinese)]
谢鸿森,周文戈,赵志丹,等.1998．高温高压条件下岩石弹性波速测 量．地学前缘,5(4):329-337． [Xie Hongsen, Zhou Wenge, Zhao Zhidan, et al. 1998. Measurement of elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure. Earth Science Frontiers, 5(4) : 329-337 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
谢鸿森,侯谓,周文戈,等．2000.地球深部物质科学-在静高压高压大 腔体实验研究方面的某些进展．地学前缘,7(1):217-228. [Xie Hongsen, Hou Wei, Zhou Wenge, et al. 2000. On material science of the earth's interior. Earth Science Frontiers, 7(1) : 217 -228 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
杨树锋,谢鸿森．1997．高温高压下华南I型花岗岩和S型花岗岩的 波速特征及其地质意义．中国科学(D辑),27(1),33-38． [Yang Shufeng, Xie Hongsen. 1997. Properties of wave velocity for two types of granitoids at high pressure and high temperature: their geological meaning. Science in China (Ser. D) , 27(1) : 33-38 (in Chinese)]
Zappone A, Fernandez M, Garcia-Duenas, et al. 2000. Laboratory measurements of seismic P-wave velocities on rocks from the Betic chain (southern Iberian Peninsula). Tectonophysics, 317:259-272
张友南,马瑾.1997．深部地壳镁铁质岩石波速的研究．地球物理学 报,40(3):221-230. [Zhang Younan, Ma Jin. 1997. Investigation on wave velocities of mafic rocks in deep crust, Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 40(3) : 221 -230 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
张友南,孙君秀.1999.华北北部克拉通地壳岩石的波速特征与地壳 物质组成．地震地质,21(1):147-154． [Zhang Younan,Sun Junxiu．1999．Characters of wave velocity and con- stitution structure of rocks of the craton crust in North part of North China. Seismology and Geology, 21 (1): 147 - 154 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
赵志丹,高山,骆庭川,等．1996．秦岭和华北地区地壳低速层的成因 探讨——岩石高温高压波速实验证据．地球物理学报,39(5): 642-652． [Zhao Zhidan, Gao Shan, Luo Tingchuan, et al. 1996. Origin of the crustal low velocity layer of Qinling and North China: evidence from laboratory measurement of P-wave velocity in rocks at high PT conditions. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 39(5) : 642-652 (in Chinese with English abstract)]
周文戈,谢鸿森,赵志丹,等.1999．高温、高压下粗面玄武岩相变对 其波速影响的研究．科学通报,44(4):424-427． [Zhou Wenge, Xie Hongsen, Zhao Zhidan, et al. 1999. Investigations on phase transformation in a trachybasalt at high temperature and high pressure and its influences on wave velocities. Chinese Science Bulletin,44(4) : 424-427 (in Chinese)]
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