渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷的走滑构造作用
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摘要
渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷由于其丰富的油气资源和特殊的构造位置(郯庐断裂穿过此凹陷),其走滑构造的深入研究,对于揭示凹陷的构造演化和对油气成藏的控制作用以及郯庐断裂北段新生代的活动历史有重要意义。本文通过辽河西部凹陷三维地震资料系统的构造解析,并结合砂箱模拟实验,揭示了辽河西部凹陷存在多种与右行走滑相关的构造形迹,包括雁列正断层带、"梳状"构造、花状构造、"显形"和"隐伏"走滑断层等;确定了辽河西部凹陷的走滑活动开始于渐新世初期,活动强度开始时期(E3s1-2)较弱,逐渐加强,到渐新世末期(E3d1)达到最强,中新世有少量活动,上新世以来活动再次增强,活动比较显著,并持续到现今,推测整个郯庐断裂北段渐新世以来也有类似的演化历史;利用砂箱模拟实验确定在纯走滑拉分的条件下,约三分之二的走滑位移量可以转化为伸展量,并估算出辽河西部凹陷渐新世以来两侧基底累计的右行走滑位移量约为18km,其中渐新世(E3s1-2—E3d)、中新世(N1g)、和上新世以来(N2m—Q)的走滑位移量分别为10.5km、1.8km和5.7km,对应的平均走滑速度分别为0.71mm/a、0.10mm/a和1.11mm/a。
The western of Liaohe depression,which is rich in oil and gas resources and located in the Bohai Bay Basin,with the Tanlu fault crossing through the depression,offers a good opportunity to make an in-depth investigation of its strike-slip structure,tectonic evolution and oil accumulation controlling,and action history of the northern section of the Tanlu fault during the Cenozoic. Through a systematic structural analysis of 3D seismic data in the westert Liaohe depression,combined with sand box modeling,this study reveals existence of a variety of structure signatures relevant to strike-slip in the depression,including echelon normal faults,"comb" structure,flower structure,and so on. The paper believes that the strike-slip of the depression initiated in the early Oligocene (E3s1-2),gradually intensified and reached the culmination at the end of Oligocene (E3d1). It was less action in the Miocene and,since the Pliocene time,it has been gradually active up to now. It is speculated that the north section of Tanlu fault underwent similar evolution after Oligocene. Sand box modeling test also indicated that under the condition of strike-slip pull,about two-thirds of the strike-slip displacement was turned into extensional displacement and estimation for cumulative right-lateral strike-slip displacement in the depression is about 18 km since Oligocene,in which the displacement is 10.5 km in the Oligocene (E3s1-2-E3d),1.8 km in the Miocene (N1g) and 5.7 km in the the Pliocene epoch(N2m-Q),with average strikeslip speeds of 0.71mm/a,0.10 mm/a and 1.11mm/a respectively.
The western of Liaohe depression,which is rich in oil and gas resources and located in the Bohai Bay Basin,with the Tanlu fault crossing through the depression,offers a good opportunity to make an in-depth investigation of its strike-slip structure,tectonic evolution and oil accumulation controlling,and action history of the northern section of the Tanlu fault during the Cenozoic. Through a systematic structural analysis of 3D seismic data in the westert Liaohe depression,combined with sand box modeling,this study reveals existence of a variety of structure signatures relevant to strike-slip in the depression,including echelon normal faults,"comb" structure,flower structure,and so on. The paper believes that the strike-slip of the depression initiated in the early Oligocene (E3s1-2),gradually intensified and reached the culmination at the end of Oligocene (E3d1). It was less action in the Miocene and,since the Pliocene time,it has been gradually active up to now. It is speculated that the north section of Tanlu fault underwent similar evolution after Oligocene. Sand box modeling test also indicated that under the condition of strike-slip pull,about two-thirds of the strike-slip displacement was turned into extensional displacement and estimation for cumulative right-lateral strike-slip displacement in the depression is about 18 km since Oligocene,in which the displacement is 10.5 km in the Oligocene (E3s1-2-E3d),1.8 km in the Miocene (N1g) and 5.7 km in the the Pliocene epoch(N2m-Q),with average strikeslip speeds of 0.71mm/a,0.10 mm/a and 1.11mm/a respectively.
引文
①漆家福,童亨茂,于福生.2007.辽河西部凹陷构造演化及其对成藏区域地质条件的控制作用.辽河油田成果报告(内部报告).
洪作民,杨忠杰.1984.辽宁郯庐断裂发生发展演化史.中国区域地质,10:49~57.
金性春.1981.板块构造学基础.上海科学技术出版社.
李晓光,张金川,陈振岩,单俊峰.2007.辽河坳陷西部凹陷油气成藏体系及天然气分布.天然气工业,27(5):39~43.
廖兴明,姚继峰.1995.辽河坳陷构造演化与油气.北京:石油工业出版社.
陆克政,漆家福,戴俊生,杨桥,童亨茂.1997.渤海湾新生代含油气盆地构造模式.北京:石油工业出版社.
马文璞.1995.郯庐断裂系研究的最新总结.地质论评,41(5):480~481.
漆家福.1995.下辽河-辽东湾新生代裂陷盆地的构造解析.北京:地质出版社.
徐嘉炜,锋中锐,朱光,刘庆,童卫星.1984.中国东部郯庐断裂系统平移研究的若干进展.合肥工作大学学报,2:28~37.
徐嘉炜,马国锋.1992.郯庐断裂带研究的十年回顾.地质论评,38(4):316~324.
徐嘉炜,朱光,吕培基,郑学信,孙世群.1995.郯庐断裂带平移年代学研究的进展.安徽地质,5(1):1~12.
杨雪,杨桥,于福生.2006.辽河盆地西部凹陷北部地区古近系地层剥蚀量恢复.西安石油大学学报,21(5):34~39.
姚彦之,方仲景.1981.“郯庐断裂学术讨论会”摘记.地震地质,3(2):69~78.
游国庆,潘家华,张可宝,刘彬,肖开华.2006.辽河坳陷西部凹陷高升北部地区古近系油气成藏条件分析.地球学报,27(3):241~246.
于福生,吉珍娃,杨雪,宇振全,马保军,张良杰.2007.辽河盆地西部凹陷北部地区新生代断裂特征与圈闭类型.地球科学与环境学报,29(2):149~153.
周建勋,漆家福,童亨茂.1999.盆地构造研究中的砂箱模拟实验方法.北京:地震出版社.
Acocella V,Gudmundsson A,Funiciello R.2000.Interaction andlinkage of extensionfractures and normal faults:examples fromthe rift zone of Iceland.J.Structural Geology,22:1233~1246.
Dooley T,McClay K R,Pascoe R.2003.3D analogue models ofvariable displacement extensional faults,applications to theRevfallet fault system,offshore mid-Norway.GeologicalSociety Special Publications,212:151~167.
Kennedy B,Stix J,Vallance J W,et al.2004.Controls on calderastructure:Results from analogue sandbox modeling.GSABulletin,116(5):515~524.
Khalil S M,McClay K R.2002.Extensional fault-related folding,northwestern Red Sea,Egypt.J.Structural Geology,24:743~762.
McClay K R.1990.Extensional fault systemin sedi mentary basins:a review of analogue model studies.Marine and PetroleumGeology,7(1):206~233.
McClay K R,White M.1995.Analogue models of orthogonal andoblique rifting.Marine and Petroleum Geology,12(2):137~151.
Meng Q R.2003.What drove late Mesozoic extension of thenorthern China-Mongolia tract?Tectonophysics,369(3~4):155~174.
Patton T L.2005.Sandbox models of downward-steepening normalfaults.AAPG Bulletin,89(6):781~797.
Schultz R A.1999.Understanding the process of faulting:selectedchallenges and opportunities at the edge of the21st century.J.Structural Geology,21:985~993.
Xu J W,Zhu G,Tong WX,Cui K R,Liu Q.1987.Formation andevolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang wrenchfault system:a majorshear system to the northwest of the Pacific Ocean.Tectonophysics,134:273~310.
Xu J W.1993.The Tancheng-Lujiang Wrench Fault System.JohnWiley&Sons Ltd.
洪作民,杨忠杰.1984.辽宁郯庐断裂发生发展演化史.中国区域地质,10:49~57.
金性春.1981.板块构造学基础.上海科学技术出版社.
李晓光,张金川,陈振岩,单俊峰.2007.辽河坳陷西部凹陷油气成藏体系及天然气分布.天然气工业,27(5):39~43.
廖兴明,姚继峰.1995.辽河坳陷构造演化与油气.北京:石油工业出版社.
陆克政,漆家福,戴俊生,杨桥,童亨茂.1997.渤海湾新生代含油气盆地构造模式.北京:石油工业出版社.
马文璞.1995.郯庐断裂系研究的最新总结.地质论评,41(5):480~481.
漆家福.1995.下辽河-辽东湾新生代裂陷盆地的构造解析.北京:地质出版社.
徐嘉炜,锋中锐,朱光,刘庆,童卫星.1984.中国东部郯庐断裂系统平移研究的若干进展.合肥工作大学学报,2:28~37.
徐嘉炜,马国锋.1992.郯庐断裂带研究的十年回顾.地质论评,38(4):316~324.
徐嘉炜,朱光,吕培基,郑学信,孙世群.1995.郯庐断裂带平移年代学研究的进展.安徽地质,5(1):1~12.
杨雪,杨桥,于福生.2006.辽河盆地西部凹陷北部地区古近系地层剥蚀量恢复.西安石油大学学报,21(5):34~39.
姚彦之,方仲景.1981.“郯庐断裂学术讨论会”摘记.地震地质,3(2):69~78.
游国庆,潘家华,张可宝,刘彬,肖开华.2006.辽河坳陷西部凹陷高升北部地区古近系油气成藏条件分析.地球学报,27(3):241~246.
于福生,吉珍娃,杨雪,宇振全,马保军,张良杰.2007.辽河盆地西部凹陷北部地区新生代断裂特征与圈闭类型.地球科学与环境学报,29(2):149~153.
周建勋,漆家福,童亨茂.1999.盆地构造研究中的砂箱模拟实验方法.北京:地震出版社.
Acocella V,Gudmundsson A,Funiciello R.2000.Interaction andlinkage of extensionfractures and normal faults:examples fromthe rift zone of Iceland.J.Structural Geology,22:1233~1246.
Dooley T,McClay K R,Pascoe R.2003.3D analogue models ofvariable displacement extensional faults,applications to theRevfallet fault system,offshore mid-Norway.GeologicalSociety Special Publications,212:151~167.
Kennedy B,Stix J,Vallance J W,et al.2004.Controls on calderastructure:Results from analogue sandbox modeling.GSABulletin,116(5):515~524.
Khalil S M,McClay K R.2002.Extensional fault-related folding,northwestern Red Sea,Egypt.J.Structural Geology,24:743~762.
McClay K R.1990.Extensional fault systemin sedi mentary basins:a review of analogue model studies.Marine and PetroleumGeology,7(1):206~233.
McClay K R,White M.1995.Analogue models of orthogonal andoblique rifting.Marine and Petroleum Geology,12(2):137~151.
Meng Q R.2003.What drove late Mesozoic extension of thenorthern China-Mongolia tract?Tectonophysics,369(3~4):155~174.
Patton T L.2005.Sandbox models of downward-steepening normalfaults.AAPG Bulletin,89(6):781~797.
Schultz R A.1999.Understanding the process of faulting:selectedchallenges and opportunities at the edge of the21st century.J.Structural Geology,21:985~993.
Xu J W,Zhu G,Tong WX,Cui K R,Liu Q.1987.Formation andevolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang wrenchfault system:a majorshear system to the northwest of the Pacific Ocean.Tectonophysics,134:273~310.
Xu J W.1993.The Tancheng-Lujiang Wrench Fault System.JohnWiley&Sons Ltd.
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