断陷盆地沉积体系研究新思路:从古地貌、岩性变化、水体深度到沉积体系
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摘要
单因素分析法与沉积体制研究方法具有不同的研究思路。前者的理论基础是沉积动力学,主要强调与搬运和沉积过程有关的作用,采取由点到面,从局部到整体,从量变到质变的研究思路。这在复杂的断陷盆地中不利于确定沉积体系的整体分布格局。后者则是基于地貌学、现代沉积考察和基准面升降,采取从面到点,由整体到局部,逐渐深入的研究思路,易于控制断陷盆地中沉积体系的整体分布规律。沉积体制研究方法的基本要求是具有丰富、反射品质较好的地震资料。其关键技术包括古地貌恢复、地震反射结构和波形特征识别。通过古地貌恢复,结合现代沉积观察、水体深浅和岩性变化特征,可以确定沉积相客观分布规律。通过研究某一点的地震反射结构和波形分布特征,结合沉积结构、构造、韵律变化,可以确定该点的沉积微相类型。利用沉积体制方法研究了沾化凹陷孤南洼陷沙三段中亚段中部沉积体系平面分布规律。自南而北前积的辫状河三角洲在该区发育前缘亚相,分布于孤南洼陷南部斜坡区域。盆底扇主要分布于洼陷北部,位于孤南断裂坡脚部位。此外,浅湖近岸滩坝滑塌也可形成盆底扇复合体。该时期湖泊较浅,主要发育浅湖亚相,近岸滩坝及席状砂较丰富。
The single factor analysis which based on sedimentary dynamic mostly emphasizes the actions relating to transportation and depositional procedure,adopting one method from point to surface,from local to whole and from quantitative change to qualitative change,and the depositional regime which is based on morphology,present sedimentation and datum up and down,adopting other gradually penetrating method from surface to point and from whole to local,are different in research approach.The former is not prone to controlling the law of bulk distribution of depositional system in rift-subsidence basin,but the latter is opposite.The basic request of the method of depositional regime which includes three key technologies:palaeogeomorphology reconstruction,recognition of seismic reflection texture and waveform feature is provided with affluent and excellent seismic data.Through palaeogeomorphology reconstruction,combining the observation of present sedimentation,water depth and lithologic,the distribution law of depositional system can be ascertained.Furthermore,by researching seismic reflection texture and waveform feature,the types of sedimentary microfacies can be decided in a point.The law of plane distribution of depositional system which locates the middle part of middle submember of the 3rd member of Shahejie Formation in Gunan pothole,Zhanhua sag is studied by using the method of depositional regime.The braided rive delta front subfacies located on the south slop area is developed in the braided rive delta which progrades from south to north.The basin bottom fans located at the toe of Gunan fault are mostly distributed in the north pothole.Moreover,the basin bottom fan can be developed because the near-shore beach and bar in the shallow lake glides,too.The shallow lake subfacies with affluent near-shore beach and bar and sandsheet is mostly developed because the water depth is shallow.
The single factor analysis which based on sedimentary dynamic mostly emphasizes the actions relating to transportation and depositional procedure,adopting one method from point to surface,from local to whole and from quantitative change to qualitative change,and the depositional regime which is based on morphology,present sedimentation and datum up and down,adopting other gradually penetrating method from surface to point and from whole to local,are different in research approach.The former is not prone to controlling the law of bulk distribution of depositional system in rift-subsidence basin,but the latter is opposite.The basic request of the method of depositional regime which includes three key technologies:palaeogeomorphology reconstruction,recognition of seismic reflection texture and waveform feature is provided with affluent and excellent seismic data.Through palaeogeomorphology reconstruction,combining the observation of present sedimentation,water depth and lithologic,the distribution law of depositional system can be ascertained.Furthermore,by researching seismic reflection texture and waveform feature,the types of sedimentary microfacies can be decided in a point.The law of plane distribution of depositional system which locates the middle part of middle submember of the 3rd member of Shahejie Formation in Gunan pothole,Zhanhua sag is studied by using the method of depositional regime.The braided rive delta front subfacies located on the south slop area is developed in the braided rive delta which progrades from south to north.The basin bottom fans located at the toe of Gunan fault are mostly distributed in the north pothole.Moreover,the basin bottom fan can be developed because the near-shore beach and bar in the shallow lake glides,too.The shallow lake subfacies with affluent near-shore beach and bar and sandsheet is mostly developed because the water depth is shallow.
引文
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2Lawrence.Stratigraphic modeling of sedimentary basins(abs.).AAPG Bulletin,1987,71:150-167
3Helland-Hansen.A simulation of continental basin margin sedimenta-tion in response to crustal movements,eustatic sea level change and sediment accumulation rates.Mathematical Geology,1988,20:121-124
4Jervey.Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequences and their seismic expressions.In:Wilgus C K,et al.,eds.Sea Level Changes:an integrated approach.Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogist,Special Publication,1988,42:40-50
5Lawrence.Stratigraphic simulation of sedimentary basins:concepts and calibrations.AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:320-342
6Ross.Modeling base-level dynamics as a control on basin-fill geome-tries and facies distribution:a conceptual framework,In:Cross TA,ed.Quantitative dynamic stratigraphy:Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey,Prentice Hall.1990
7Reynolds.The role of the sediment load in sequence stratigraphy:the influence of flexural isostasy and compaction.Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96:210-215
8Thorne&Swift.Sedimentation on continental margin:application of the regime concept.In:Swift D J P,et al.eds.Shelf Sand and Ssand-stone Bodies,Geometry,Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy.Interna-tional Association of Sedimentologists,Special Publication,1991,14:33-47
9William C Ross.Insights from stratigraphic modeling:mud-limited ver-sus sand-limited depositional systems.AAPG Bulletin,1995,79:253-267
10李道燧.鄂尔多斯盆地中部古地貌与构造对气藏的控制作用.石油勘探与开发,1994,21(3):51-55[Li Daosui.Paleogeomorpholo-gy and paleostructure controlling the gas field in the Center of Ordos Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994,21(3):51-55]
11田纳新.塔中地区早海西期风化壳古地貌特征.河南石油,2004,18(1):130-136[Tian Naxin.Paleogeomorphology features of Early Hereynian weathering crust in Tazhong Area.Henan Petroleum,2004,18(1):130-136]
12徐希坤.和田古隆起海西早期古地貌恢复.特种油气藏,2003,10(3):142-148[Xu Xikun.Haixi paleogeomorphology on Hetian palae-ohigh.Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2003,10(3):142-148]
13赵俊兴.古地貌恢复技术方法及其研究意义.成都理工学院学报,2001,28(3):43-47[Zhao Junxing.The way and implications of rebuilding paleogeomorphology.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2001,28(3):43-47]
14赵俊兴.高分辨层序地层学方法在沉积前古地貌恢复中的应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(1):155-160[Zhao Junxing.The possibility of rebuilding paleogeomorphology before basin deposition by high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.Journal of Cheng-du University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2003,30(1):155-160]
15王家豪.层序地层学应用于古地貌分析.地球科学,2003,28(4):335-341[Wang Jiahao.Sequence stratigraphy in paleogeomorphy a-nalysis.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2003,28(4):335-341]
16宋国奇.应用层序地层方法恢复加里东期古地貌.石油实验地质,2001,22(4):231-237[Song Guoqi.Sequence stratigraphy ap-plied in the restoration of the Caledonian paleogeomorphy.Experimen-tal Petroleum Geology,2001,22(4):231-237]
17徐长贵.古地貌分析在渤海古近系储层预测中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5):283-285[Xu Changgui.Paleogeomorphy anal-ysis for the Paleogene reservoir prediction in Bohai Sea area.Petrole-um Exploration and Development,2004,31(5):283-285]
18Weimer P.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy:recent developments and applications,Tulsa.AAPG,1979,63:681-705
19赖生华.辽河盆地冷家油田沙三段沉积体系.石油实验地质,2004,26(5):383-388[Lai Shenghua.Depositional system of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in Lengjia oilfield of the Liao-he Basin.Experimental Petroleum Geology,2004,26(5):383-388]
2Lawrence.Stratigraphic modeling of sedimentary basins(abs.).AAPG Bulletin,1987,71:150-167
3Helland-Hansen.A simulation of continental basin margin sedimenta-tion in response to crustal movements,eustatic sea level change and sediment accumulation rates.Mathematical Geology,1988,20:121-124
4Jervey.Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequences and their seismic expressions.In:Wilgus C K,et al.,eds.Sea Level Changes:an integrated approach.Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogist,Special Publication,1988,42:40-50
5Lawrence.Stratigraphic simulation of sedimentary basins:concepts and calibrations.AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:320-342
6Ross.Modeling base-level dynamics as a control on basin-fill geome-tries and facies distribution:a conceptual framework,In:Cross TA,ed.Quantitative dynamic stratigraphy:Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey,Prentice Hall.1990
7Reynolds.The role of the sediment load in sequence stratigraphy:the influence of flexural isostasy and compaction.Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96:210-215
8Thorne&Swift.Sedimentation on continental margin:application of the regime concept.In:Swift D J P,et al.eds.Shelf Sand and Ssand-stone Bodies,Geometry,Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy.Interna-tional Association of Sedimentologists,Special Publication,1991,14:33-47
9William C Ross.Insights from stratigraphic modeling:mud-limited ver-sus sand-limited depositional systems.AAPG Bulletin,1995,79:253-267
10李道燧.鄂尔多斯盆地中部古地貌与构造对气藏的控制作用.石油勘探与开发,1994,21(3):51-55[Li Daosui.Paleogeomorpholo-gy and paleostructure controlling the gas field in the Center of Ordos Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994,21(3):51-55]
11田纳新.塔中地区早海西期风化壳古地貌特征.河南石油,2004,18(1):130-136[Tian Naxin.Paleogeomorphology features of Early Hereynian weathering crust in Tazhong Area.Henan Petroleum,2004,18(1):130-136]
12徐希坤.和田古隆起海西早期古地貌恢复.特种油气藏,2003,10(3):142-148[Xu Xikun.Haixi paleogeomorphology on Hetian palae-ohigh.Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2003,10(3):142-148]
13赵俊兴.古地貌恢复技术方法及其研究意义.成都理工学院学报,2001,28(3):43-47[Zhao Junxing.The way and implications of rebuilding paleogeomorphology.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2001,28(3):43-47]
14赵俊兴.高分辨层序地层学方法在沉积前古地貌恢复中的应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(1):155-160[Zhao Junxing.The possibility of rebuilding paleogeomorphology before basin deposition by high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.Journal of Cheng-du University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2003,30(1):155-160]
15王家豪.层序地层学应用于古地貌分析.地球科学,2003,28(4):335-341[Wang Jiahao.Sequence stratigraphy in paleogeomorphy a-nalysis.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2003,28(4):335-341]
16宋国奇.应用层序地层方法恢复加里东期古地貌.石油实验地质,2001,22(4):231-237[Song Guoqi.Sequence stratigraphy ap-plied in the restoration of the Caledonian paleogeomorphy.Experimen-tal Petroleum Geology,2001,22(4):231-237]
17徐长贵.古地貌分析在渤海古近系储层预测中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5):283-285[Xu Changgui.Paleogeomorphy anal-ysis for the Paleogene reservoir prediction in Bohai Sea area.Petrole-um Exploration and Development,2004,31(5):283-285]
18Weimer P.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy:recent developments and applications,Tulsa.AAPG,1979,63:681-705
19赖生华.辽河盆地冷家油田沙三段沉积体系.石油实验地质,2004,26(5):383-388[Lai Shenghua.Depositional system of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in Lengjia oilfield of the Liao-he Basin.Experimental Petroleum Geology,2004,26(5):383-388]
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