历史地震参数校订方法探讨——以北京延庆公元294年地震为例
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摘要
随着应用、研究的广泛和深入,对历史地震参数精度有了更高的要求.因此,有必要探讨历史地震参数校订的新思路和新方法.公元294年(晋惠帝元康四年)记载了北京延庆的一次强震事件.由于年代久远,史料简略,对史料的理解及对此次地震的参数存在分歧.通过系统收集、整理原有研究成果,详细分析其异同,并通过细读原始资料,实地考察以及定量分析1970年以来的中小地震时空分布特征与强震的关系等多个方面,对此次地震参数进行了校订.校订后的结果是:地震名称应为北京延庆海坨山地震,发震时间为公元294年9月,震级为6级,震中位置为115.85°E、40.59°N,震中误差为Ⅱ类.并以此为例,探讨了历史地震参数校订的一般原则和方法.
As applicated widely and research goes on deeply,there appears an increasing demand for accurate parameters of historical earthquakes. It is necessary to probe a new approach of amending historic earthquake parameters. A strong earthquake occurred in A.D. 294 (the fourth year of Yuankang,Hui Emperor in Jin Dynasty) was historically reported in Yanqing near Beijing. Owing to the long time passed and simple archives,there have been different understandings of the archives and debates on the earthquake parameters. This study tries to amend the parameters through collecting and analyzing all archives and existing parameters systematically,scrutinizing original documents,conducting on-site investigation,and analyzing the relationship between spatial-temporal distribution of present-day micro-earthquakes since 1970 and strong historical earthquake epicentres. The amended results are: the name of this historical earthquake is suggested to be Yanqing Haituo Mountain earthquake in Beijing;its occurrence time is in September of 294;its magnitude is estimated to be 6 and the epicentre to be at (115.85°E,40.59°N) with a location accuracy of grade Ⅱ. Through this example,general principles and methods to amend historical earthquake parameters are discussed.
As applicated widely and research goes on deeply,there appears an increasing demand for accurate parameters of historical earthquakes. It is necessary to probe a new approach of amending historic earthquake parameters. A strong earthquake occurred in A.D. 294 (the fourth year of Yuankang,Hui Emperor in Jin Dynasty) was historically reported in Yanqing near Beijing. Owing to the long time passed and simple archives,there have been different understandings of the archives and debates on the earthquake parameters. This study tries to amend the parameters through collecting and analyzing all archives and existing parameters systematically,scrutinizing original documents,conducting on-site investigation,and analyzing the relationship between spatial-temporal distribution of present-day micro-earthquakes since 1970 and strong historical earthquake epicentres. The amended results are: the name of this historical earthquake is suggested to be Yanqing Haituo Mountain earthquake in Beijing;its occurrence time is in September of 294;its magnitude is estimated to be 6 and the epicentre to be at (115.85°E,40.59°N) with a location accuracy of grade Ⅱ. Through this example,general principles and methods to amend historical earthquake parameters are discussed.
引文
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王健,吴宣,张晓东,汪素云.2004.1303年山西洪洞8级地震高烈度区内地震活动特征及其物理意义[J].地震学报,26(4):347-354.
王健.2007.渤海海域历史地震和地震海啸[J].地震学报,29(5):549-557.
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中国科学院地震工作委员会历史组编辑.1956.中国地震资料年表(上、下册)[M].北京:科学出版社:1-1653.
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Sondergeld C H,Estey L H.1981.Acoustic emission study of microfracturing during the cyclic loading of westerly gran-ite[J].J Geophys Res,86(B4):2915-2924.
Wang J,Hammerl C H.2008.Seismic density andits relationship with mid-strong historical earthquakes in Austria[C]∥31st General Assembly ofthe European Seismological Commission ESC2008.Crete,Greece:503-510.
郭飙,刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成.2002.首都圈数字地震台网的微震定位实验[J].地震地质,24(3):453-460.
国家地震局地球物理研究所,复旦大学中国历史地理研究所.1990.中国历史地震图集(元时期)[M].北京:中国地图出版社:51.
焦远碧,吴开统,杨满栋.1990.我国地震台网监测能力及台网观测条件质量评定[J].中国地震,6(4):1-7.
李群.1989.关于中国历史地震烈度评定的意见,中国历史地震研究文集(1)[M].北京:地震出版社:114-118.
李善邦,武宦英,郭增建,梅世蓉,闵子群.1960.中国地震目录[M].北京:科学出版社:8-222.
闵子群,吴戈,江在雄,刘昌森,杨玉林.1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元191年)[M].北京:地震出版社:97-508.
王健,张晓东,郁曙君,杨玉林.1998.中国大陆强震灾害范围的统计研究[J].中国地震,14(3):26-31.
王健.1999.地震活动性震级结构特征及其应用研究[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所:61-62.
王健.2001.地震活动性图象处理的网格点密集值计算方法[J].地震学报,23(3):262-267.
王健,吴宣,张晓东,汪素云.2004.1303年山西洪洞8级地震高烈度区内地震活动特征及其物理意义[J].地震学报,26(4):347-354.
王健.2007.渤海海域历史地震和地震海啸[J].地震学报,29(5):549-557.
谢毓寿,蔡美彪,王会安,闻黎明.1983.中国地震历史资料汇编(第一卷)[M].北京:科学技术出版社:39-40.
徐红年.2004.延庆史话[M].西安:陕西旅游出版社:1-32.
延庆县志编纂委员会.2006.延庆县志[M].北京:北京出版社:1-180.
张宏志,孙静华.1993.华北遥测地震台网定位能力[J].地震地磁观测与研究,14(4):21-25.
中国科学院地震工作委员会历史组编辑.1956.中国地震资料年表(上、下册)[M].北京:科学出版社:1-1653.
中央地震工作小组办公室.1971.中国地震目录[M].北京:科学出版社:40-241.
Sondergeld C H,Estey L H.1981.Acoustic emission study of microfracturing during the cyclic loading of westerly gran-ite[J].J Geophys Res,86(B4):2915-2924.
Wang J,Hammerl C H.2008.Seismic density andits relationship with mid-strong historical earthquakes in Austria[C]∥31st General Assembly ofthe European Seismological Commission ESC2008.Crete,Greece:503-510.
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