汶川地震后四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流灾害调查研究
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摘要
在2008年5月12日汶川地震后的地震灾区暴发了许多泥石流灾害,其中以四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流最为显著。文家沟原来不是泥石流沟,在汶川地震时由于滑坡形成的巨大的滑坡-碎屑流堆积体改变了文家沟的泥石流形成条件,在此后的3个雨季内,文家沟先后暴发了5次大规模和特大规模的泥石流灾害,其中以8.13文家沟泥石流规模和危害最大。8.13文家沟泥石流暴发时的总降雨量为227mm,泥石流持续时间约2.5h,泥石流总量约310×104m3;泥石流造成7人死亡,5人失踪,39人受伤,479户农房被掩埋,直接经济损失4.3亿元。5次大规模和特大规模的泥石流以及洪水仅带走了16%的可以很容易形成泥石流的滑坡-碎屑流堆积物,文家沟如再遭遇较大降雨还会暴发泥石流。即使在今后的雨季中暴发几次规模如8.13泥石流一样大的特大规模泥石流,文家沟在较大降雨下仍然可能暴发泥石流灾害,因此对文家沟泥石流的防治工作将是一个长期的工作。
Many debris flow hazards were triggered recently in the epicenter area of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.The severest debris flow is the debris flow in Wenjia Gully on Aug.13,2010.Wenjia Gully was a simply and ordinary gully and had no debris flow at all before the Wenchuan Earthquake.The formation conditions of debris flows were totally changed by a giant landslide caused by the earthquake.The giant landslide formed a landslide—debris deposition in the gully.The debris deposition had a volume of more than 30million cubic meters.The sediments were easily eroded by flash flood and formed debris flows.In the three raining seasons after the earthquake,a total of five large scale and giant scale debris flow were triggered.The largest and most harmful debris flow occurred on Aug.13,2010.The total rainfall during the debris flow was 227mm,and the duration of debris flow was 2.5 hours.The volume of debris flow was 3.1 million cubic meters.The debris flow resulted in 7 fatalities,5 persons listed as missing,39 persons injured,479 houses buried,and a direct economic loss of RMB 430 million.About 16%sediments of the landslide-debris deposition flew down out of the gully during the five large scale debris flows.New debris flows will be triggered by rainfall in the gully in the future.It will be a long-term effort for prevention and mitigation of the debris flow hazards in the gully.
Many debris flow hazards were triggered recently in the epicenter area of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.The severest debris flow is the debris flow in Wenjia Gully on Aug.13,2010.Wenjia Gully was a simply and ordinary gully and had no debris flow at all before the Wenchuan Earthquake.The formation conditions of debris flows were totally changed by a giant landslide caused by the earthquake.The giant landslide formed a landslide—debris deposition in the gully.The debris deposition had a volume of more than 30million cubic meters.The sediments were easily eroded by flash flood and formed debris flows.In the three raining seasons after the earthquake,a total of five large scale and giant scale debris flow were triggered.The largest and most harmful debris flow occurred on Aug.13,2010.The total rainfall during the debris flow was 227mm,and the duration of debris flow was 2.5 hours.The volume of debris flow was 3.1 million cubic meters.The debris flow resulted in 7 fatalities,5 persons listed as missing,39 persons injured,479 houses buried,and a direct economic loss of RMB 430 million.About 16%sediments of the landslide-debris deposition flew down out of the gully during the five large scale debris flows.New debris flows will be triggered by rainfall in the gully in the future.It will be a long-term effort for prevention and mitigation of the debris flow hazards in the gully.
引文
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[3]钱洪,周荣军,马声浩,等.岷江断裂南端与1933年叠溪地震研究[J].中国地震,1999,15(4):333~338.Qian Hong,Zhou Rongjun,Ma Shenghao,et al.South segment ofMinjiang fault and Diexi earthquake in 1933.Earthquake researchin China,1999,15(4):333~338.
[4]余斌.根据泥石流沉积物计算泥石流容重的方法研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):789~796.Yu Bin.Research on the calculating density by the deposit of deb-ris flows.ACTA Sedimentological SINICA,2008,26(5):789~796.
[5]中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范(报批稿)[M].2006,2.Ministry of Land and Resources of the People s Republic of China.Specification of geological investigation for debris flows stabiliza-tion.2006,2.
[6]余斌.不同容重的泥石流淤积厚度计算方法研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,23(2):78~92.Yu Bin.Study on the method for deposition depth calculation ofdebris flow with different densities.Journal of Disaster Preventionand Mitigation Engineering,2010,23(2):78~92.
[7]曾向荣,郝红星,孙博良.唐家山堰塞湖泄洪问题研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2009,39(16):37~49.Zeng Xiangrong,Hao Hongxing,Sun Boliang.The research ofTangjiashan Barrier Lake spillway.Mathematics in Practice andTheory,2009,39(16):37~49.
[8]张健楠,马煜,张惠惠,等.四川都江堰市虹口乡大干沟地震泥石流灾害研究[J].山地学报,2010,28(5):624~627.Zhang Jiannan,Ma Yu,Zhang Huihui,et al.Study on earth-quake debris flow in Dangan Gully,Hongkou,Dujiangyan,SichuanProvince.Journal of Mountain Science,2010,28(5):624~627.
[9]东南大学,浙江大学,湖南大学,等.土力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005,41~42.Southeast University,Zhejiang University,Hunan University,et al.Soil Mechanics.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2005,41~42.
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