裂谷盆地下的壳-幔结构及其成因机制讨论——以由近垂直反射地震剖面揭示的松辽盆地下的壳-幔结构为例
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摘要
详细研究了七段、约130km长的近垂直反射地震剖面所揭示的松辽盆地下的壳幔结构。松辽盆地之下壳幔之间为相对厚的Moho过渡带。可分为薄Moho和透镜状Moho以及过渡型Moho,与之对应的壳幔结构也有差异。松辽盆地的发育阶段明显地可分为断陷期、拗陷期以及夭折期,不同的壳幔结构可能与松辽盆地不同的发育期存在密切联系。此外,通过对比,认为裂谷盆地区具有类似的特殊壳幔结构。在裂谷区,壳幔之间强烈相互作用,不同的地壳组成和裂谷形成的不同阶段是形成不同壳幔结构的主要原因,而且它们之间具有成因上的联系,并与裂谷的形成阶段相一致。
This paper studies on the crust-mantle structures(CMSs) of Songliao basin(SB) revealed by seven segment and about 130km long near-vertical reflection profiles. It suggests that CMSs below SB show thick transition zones. There are three types of Moho, i. e. thin Moho, lenticular Moho, and transitional one between them. And their CMSs also are quite different. SB's evolution can be divided into three stages, faulted depression, down-warping depression and shrinking stage. The different CMS is probably correspond to the different stage of SB's formatiom respectively. In addition, as compared with the lower crustal structures in the rift areas, there are similar specific CMSs. In the rift area, there is strong interaction between crust and mantle. The crustal composition and different rift-developed stage are major factors which result in different CMSs, and it exists genetic relationship among CMSs and is consistent with the rift-developed stages.
This paper studies on the crust-mantle structures(CMSs) of Songliao basin(SB) revealed by seven segment and about 130km long near-vertical reflection profiles. It suggests that CMSs below SB show thick transition zones. There are three types of Moho, i. e. thin Moho, lenticular Moho, and transitional one between them. And their CMSs also are quite different. SB's evolution can be divided into three stages, faulted depression, down-warping depression and shrinking stage. The different CMS is probably correspond to the different stage of SB's formatiom respectively. In addition, as compared with the lower crustal structures in the rift areas, there are similar specific CMSs. In the rift area, there is strong interaction between crust and mantle. The crustal composition and different rift-developed stage are major factors which result in different CMSs, and it exists genetic relationship among CMSs and is consistent with the rift-developed stages.
引文
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[27]Sadowiak P,Wever T.Reflection-diffraction seismic pattern at crustal suture zones[J].Tectonics,1990,9:1495-1513.
[2]曾融生,孙为国,毛桐恩,等.中国大陆莫霍界面深度图[J].地震学报,1995,17:332-327.
[3]Finlayso D M,Owen A.Johnstone D,et al.Moho and petrologic crust and mantle boundary coincide un-der southeastern Australia[J].Geology,1993,21:707-710.
[4]O′Reilly S Y.Moho and petrologic crust and mantle boundary coincide under southeastern Australia(com-ment)[J].Geology,1994,22:666-668.
[5]孙武城,徐杰,杨主恩,等.上海奉贤—内蒙古阿拉善左旗地学断面[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[6]马杏垣,刘昌铨,刘国栋.江苏响水—内蒙古满都拉地学断面[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[7]卢造勋,夏怀宽.内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗—辽宁东沟地学断面[M].北京:地震出版社.1992.
[8]胡鸿翔,陈学波,张碧秀,等.中国中原地区随县—安阳剖面深地震测深资料的解释[J].地震学报,1986,8:37-49.
[9]孙武城,马宝林,宋松岩,等.湖北随洲至内蒙古喀喇沁旗地学断面[M].北京:地震出版社,1992:2-3.
[10]王椿镛,张先康,林中洋,等.束鹿断陷盆地及其邻近的地壳结构特征[J].地震学报,1994,16:472-479.
[11]王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举.冀中拗陷内深地震反射剖面揭示的滑脱构造[J].科学通报,1994,39:625-628.
[12]袁学城.阿尔泰—台湾地学断面论文集[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:5-20.
[13]吴功建.中国地学断面地球物理研究的进展和展望[J].地球物理学报,1997,40:110-120.
[14]宋松岩,周雪松,王春镛,等.泰安—忻州剖面S波资料解释及其与邢台地震的相关性分析[J].地震学报,1997,19:13-21.
[15]Fountain D M,Arculus R,Kay R W.Continental lower crust[M].Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo:Elsevier,1992:112-126.
[16]宋仲和,安昌强,陈立华,等.中国大陆和边缘海的上地幔P波速度结构[J].地震学报,1986,8:263-273.
[17]邵学钟,张家茹,章思亚,等.京津唐地区地壳上地幔立体构造[J].地震地质,1982,14:1-10.
[18]Hinze W J,Braile L W,Chandler V W.A geoph-ys-ical profile of the southern margin of the midconti-nent rift system in western lake Superior[J].Tec-tonics,1990,9:303-310.
[19]Hinze W J,Allen D J,Fox A J,et al.Geophysical investigations and crustal structure of the North American Midcontinent Rift system[J].Tectono-physics,1992,213:17-32.
[20]Klemperer S L,Hauge T A,Hauser E C,et al.The Moho in the northern Basin and Range,Nevada,a-long the COCORP40°N seismic reflection transect[J].Geological Society of American Bulletin,1986,97:603-618.
[21]Senant J,Popoff M.Early Cretaceous extension in Northeast Brazil related to the South Atlantic open-ing[J].Tectonophysics,1991,198:35-46.
[22]Klemperer S L.Crustal thinning and nature of exte-nsion in the North Sea from deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Tectonics,1988,7:803-821.
[23]Kusznir N J,Ziegler P A.The mechanics of conti-nental extension and sedimentary basin formation:A simple-shear/pure shear-flexural cantilever model[J].Tectonophysics,1992,215:117-131.
[24]Korsh R J,Schafer A.Geological interpretation of DEKORP deep seismic reflection profiles1C and9N across the Variscan Saar-Nahe Basin,Southwest Germany[J].Tectonophysics,1991,191:127-146.
[25]Leven J H,Finlayson D M K.Wake-Dyster,Mid-crustal detachmentscontrolling basin deformation:ramp synforms in southwestern Queensland[J].Tectonophysics,1990,173:231-246.
[26]Meyers J B,Rosendahl B R.Harrison C G A,et al.Deep-imaging seismic and gravity results from the offshore Cameroon volcanicline,and speculation of African hotlines[J].Tectonophysics,1998,284:31-63.
[27]Sadowiak P,Wever T.Reflection-diffraction seismic pattern at crustal suture zones[J].Tectonics,1990,9:1495-1513.
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