含裂隙煤层的地震记录模拟
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摘要
采用线性滑移(Linear Slip Deformation)裂隙介质模型、各向异性弹性波模拟方法,对含裂隙煤层进行了2D2C(二维二分量)单炮记录模拟与分析。结果表明:煤层含裂隙后与不含裂隙时相比,反射时差的变化已不足以识别,但由于波速的改变会使煤层顶底界面的波阻抗发生变化,从而引起波的动力学特征的改变,AVO现象尤其明显。当裂隙为非垂直时,炮点两侧的反射波能量和振幅出现不对称现象。x分量和z分量的特征明显不同,转换波主要记录在x分量上,横波在x分量上有不可忽视的能量。因此,应用各向异性理论、利用多分量转换波研究煤层裂隙的特征是可能的。
Through using Schoenberg linear slip deformation model in fracture media,and adopting the simulation method of anisotropy elastic wave,2D2C seismic record was simulated to the coal-seam in fracture media.And the simulation result was discussed.In result,the coal-seam containing fractures was compare with the one not containing fractures,the surge impedance of boundary plane in coalseam top and bottom is made changes by reason of the changes of wave velocity,whereby the changes of dynamics distinction to the wave.The AVO phenomenon is obvious.The energy and amplitude of reflected wave in the shot point bilateral appears dissymmetry.The characteristics of x component and z component is different visibly.The shear wave in x component has in-inobservant energy.Wherefore it is possible that coal-seam fracture is detected using anisotropy theory and muti-component converted wave.
Through using Schoenberg linear slip deformation model in fracture media,and adopting the simulation method of anisotropy elastic wave,2D2C seismic record was simulated to the coal-seam in fracture media.And the simulation result was discussed.In result,the coal-seam containing fractures was compare with the one not containing fractures,the surge impedance of boundary plane in coalseam top and bottom is made changes by reason of the changes of wave velocity,whereby the changes of dynamics distinction to the wave.The AVO phenomenon is obvious.The energy and amplitude of reflected wave in the shot point bilateral appears dissymmetry.The characteristics of x component and z component is different visibly.The shear wave in x component has in-inobservant energy.Wherefore it is possible that coal-seam fracture is detected using anisotropy theory and muti-component converted wave.
引文
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[16]张美根,王妙月,李小凡,等.时间域全波场各向异性弹性参数反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):94-100.
[17]杨德义.裂隙介质的波场特征及多分量地震资料的裂隙解释研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2003.
[2]GAROTTA,ROBERT,GRANGER.Acquisition and processing of 3Cx 3-D data using converted waves[C].Anahaim USA:58th Ann.In-ternat.Mtg.Soc.Of Expl.Geophys,1988:995-997.
[3]张树林,姜立红.中国近海四分量地震资料解释及应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(4):111-116.
[4]杨德义,高远,王.3D3C地震资料在煤系地层岩性预测中的应用[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):56.
[5]姚陈,陈祥国,唐建侯.爆破源地震反射波三分量记录理论地震图研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):210-217.
[6]CRAMPIN S.Evidence for aligned cracks in the earth’s crust[J].First Break,1985,3(3):12-15.
[7]勾精为,姚陈,于光明,等.用转换波探测煤层裂隙的方法探讨[J].中国煤田地质,2001,13(3):52-56.
[8]SCHOENBERG M,SAYERS C.Seismic anisotropy of fracture rock[J].Geophysics,1995,60:204-211.
[9]SCHOENBERG M,DOUMA J.Elastic wave propagation in midia withparallel and aligned cracks[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1988,36(6):571-590.
[10]HSU C J,MICHAEL S.Elastic waves through a simulated fracturedmedium[J].Geophysics,1993,58(7):964-977.
[11]SCHOENBERG M.Elastic wave behavior across linear slip interfaces[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1980,68:1516-1521.
[12]张美根.各向异性弹性波正反演问题研究[D].北京:中国科学院地球物理研究所,2000.
[13]ANDREY B,VLADIMIR G,ILYA T.Estimation of fracture parame-ters of HTI media from surface P and PS data[C].Houston USA:69th Ann Internat Mtg.Soc.Exp.Geophys,1999:352-355.
[14]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:76-77.
[15]廖振鹏,周正华,张艳红.波动数值模拟中透射边界的稳定实现[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(4):533-545.
[16]张美根,王妙月,李小凡,等.时间域全波场各向异性弹性参数反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):94-100.
[17]杨德义.裂隙介质的波场特征及多分量地震资料的裂隙解释研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2003.
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