建筑结构的隔震、减振和振动控制
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摘要
本文对国内外在建筑结构基础隔震、减振消能和振动控制研究和应用领域中的新进展做了综合评述。文中指出,由于基础隔震和减振消能技术已相对比较成熟,今后的研究可以集中在标准化、优化设计、细部构造、新产品的开发和完善(包括阻尼器和其它机构)等方面。新产品开发应该以低价、高效和高性能为目标。半主动控制及其在工程中的应用前景也比较看好,尽管控制机构和策略还有待进一步改进。相比之下主动控制技术由于其初始投资和维护费用都很高,至少在一般多层建筑中应用是不大可行的。此外,文中还指出跨学科的交叉研究和工业企业的参与对促进这些新技术和产品的进一步发展是十分重要的。
This paper reviews the recent progre ss in the fields of seismic base isola tion,energy dissipation and vibration control of building structures subj ected to earthquake and wind excitation in China and abroad.It is pointed out that due to the fact that the techniques of base isolation and energy dissipation a re relatively mature,further studi es may focus on standardization,design optimum,s tructural details as well as develop ment and improvement of the new types of dampers and other devices.The new products s hould be of low cost,high performance and efficiency.Semi-active contr ol and its application in practical engineering are promising though the control d evices and strategy still need to be r efined.In contrast,the technique of active co ntrol is less feasible at least for normal multistory building in terms of high inceptive investment and maintenance cost.In addition,it is also stressed that th e interdisciplinary study and parti cipation of various industry enterprises are ve ry important to prompt further development of the new techniques and prod ucts.
This paper reviews the recent progre ss in the fields of seismic base isola tion,energy dissipation and vibration control of building structures subj ected to earthquake and wind excitation in China and abroad.It is pointed out that due to the fact that the techniques of base isolation and energy dissipation a re relatively mature,further studi es may focus on standardization,design optimum,s tructural details as well as develop ment and improvement of the new types of dampers and other devices.The new products s hould be of low cost,high performance and efficiency.Semi-active contr ol and its application in practical engineering are promising though the control d evices and strategy still need to be r efined.In contrast,the technique of active co ntrol is less feasible at least for normal multistory building in terms of high inceptive investment and maintenance cost.In addition,it is also stressed that th e interdisciplinary study and parti cipation of various industry enterprises are ve ry important to prompt further development of the new techniques and prod ucts.
引文
周锡元.建筑结构抗震设防策略思想的发展犤J犦.工程抗震,1997,(1).
周福霖.工程结构减震控制犤M犦.北京:地震出版社,1997.
TMAlHussaini,VAZayasandMCConstantinou.SeismicIsolationofMulti-StoryFrameStructuresUsingSlidingSphericalIsolationSystems犤R犦.NCEER-94-0007,1994.
11thInternationalConferenceonStructuralMechanicsinReactorTechnology(SMIRT11)犤C犦.August18-23,1991,Tokyo,Japan
ASPallandRPall.Friction-DampersforSeismicControlofBuildings:aCanadianExperience犤R犦.11WCEE,AcapulcoMexico,1996.
张维,杨蔚彪.低周反复荷载下二阶摩擦减振控制支撑框架的试验研究犤J犦.建筑科学,1997,(4).
黄尚廉.智能结构系统———减灾防灾的研究前沿犤J犦.土木工程学报,2000,33(4).
RISkinner,WHRobinson,GHMcVerry著.工程隔震概论犤M犦.谢礼立等译,北京:地震出版社,1996.
周锡元,苏经宇,樊水荣.变摩擦滑移减震机构的动力分析犤A犦.第四届全国地震工程会议论文集犤C犦.中国哈尔滨,1994.
XiyuanZhou,MiaoHan.OptimumDesignofResilience-Friction-SlideBaseIsolationSystemforLowCostBuildings犤R犦.11WCEE,AcapulcoMexico,June24-29,1996.
GGLi,SCSinha.OptimalDesignofBaseIsolatedStructureswithDynamicAbsorbers犤J犦.JournalofEngineeringMechanics,1994,120(2):221-231.
荻丹绎,李爱群,程文.调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的等效力学模型研究犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,1998.18(1).
YFujinoandLMSun.VibrationControlbyMultipleTurnedLiquidDamper(MTLDs)犤J犦.JournalofStructuralEngineering,ASCE,1993,119(12).
龙复兴,赵晓红.土木工程结构最优控制问题的脉冲干扰解法(PDM)犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(4).犤15犦刘栋栋.追踪误差系统的H∞优化理论在结构主动控制中的应用犤J犦.工程抗震,1996,(2).
DongdongLiu,JianqinMao,JeZhang.StructureControlwithStiffnessUncertaintyinEarthquakeZone犤R犦.IEEEConferenceonControlApplication,Trieste,Italy,Sep.2-4,1998.
AJCaliseandGDSweriduk.ActiveAttenuationofBuildingStructuralResponseUsingRobustControl犤J犦.J.ofEngrg.Mech.,ASCE,1998,124(5).
RGhanemetal.AdaptiveControlofNonlinearUncertainDynamicalSystems犤J犦.J.ofEngrg.Mech.,ASCE,1997,123(11).
何玉敖,吴建军.线性结构振动的神经网络控制犤A犦.第二届全国建筑结构振动会议论文集犤C犦.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
KBans-HanandJGhaboussi.NonlinearStructuralControlUsingNeuralNetworks犤J犦.J.ofEngrg.Mech.,ASCE,1998,124(3).
王优华,黄尚廉.机敏/智能土建结构中的执行器———作用、原理及发展趋势犤J犦.振动与冲击,1998,17(2).
刘季,孙作玉.结构可变阻尼主动控制犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2).
JDCarlsonandBFSpencerJr..Magneto-RheologicalFluidDamperforSemi-ActiveSeismicControl犤A犦.Proc.3rdInt.Conf.onMotionandVib.Control犤C犦.Chiba,Japan,1996,Vol.Ⅲ.
SJDyke,BFSpencerJr.,MKSainandJDCalson.SeismicResponseReductionUsingMagneto-RheologicalDampers犤A犦.Proc.IFACWorldCongress犤C犦.SanFrancisco,CA,June30-July5,1996.
ZLiang,MTongandGCLee.Real-TimeStructuralParameterModification(RSPM):DevelopmentofInnervatedStructures犤R犦.NCEER-95-0012,1995.(下转第26页)
BFSpencerJr.andMKSain.ControllingBuildings:ANewFrontierinFeedback犤J犦.SpecialIssueoftheIEEEControlSystemsMagazineonEmergingTechnology,1997,17(6).
郭婷.多态混合控制及遗传算法在结构控制中的应用研究犤D犦.天津大学,1998.
TTSoong,GFDargush.PassiveEnergyDissipationSysteminStructuralEngineering犤M犦.JohnWiley&SonsInc.,1997.
GWHousner,LABergman,TKCaugheyetal.StructuralControl:Past,PresentandFuture犤J犦.JournalofEngi-neeringMechanics,ASCE,SpecialIssue,1997,123(9).
BFSpencerJr.andTTSoong.NewApplicationsandDevelopmentofActive,Semi-ActiveandHybridControlTechniquesforSeismicandNon-seismicVibrationintheUSA犤A犦.ProceedingsofInternationalPost-SMIRTConferenceSeminaronSeismicIsolation,PassiveEnergyDissipationandActiveControlofVibrationofStructures犤C犦.Chezu,Korea,August23-25,1999.
JG118-2000建筑隔震橡胶支座犤S犦.
韩淼,周锡元.基础隔震建筑软碰撞保护分析犤J犦.建筑科学,1999,15(1).
周锡元,韩淼,曾德民,樊水荣.具有软着陆保护的橡胶支座隔震体系犤J犦.建筑结构学报,2000,21(5).
PattenWN,HeQ,KuoCC,LiuLandSackRL.SeismicStructureControlViaHydraulicSemi-activeVibrationDampers犤A犦.ProceedingsofFirstWorldConferenceonStructuralControl犤C犦,FA2:83-89,LosAngeles,California,USA,1994.
KurataN,KoboriT,TakahashiM,NiwaNandKurinoH.ShakingTableExperimentsofActiveVariableDampingSystem犤A犦.ProceedingsofFirstWorldConferenceonStructuralControl犤C犦,TP2:108-127,LosAngeles,California,USA,1994.
FNaeim,JMKelly.DesignofSeismicIsolatedStruc-tures———FromTheorytoPractice犤M犦.JohnWiley&SonsInc.,1999.
MDMontiandWHRobinson.ALeadShearDamperSuitableforReducingtheMotionInducedbyWindandEarthquake犤R犦.11WCEE,Acapulco,Mexico,June23-28,1996.
RDHansonandTsuTSoong.SeismicDesignwithSup-plementalEnergyDissipationDevices犤R犦.EarthquakeEngineeringResearchInstitute(EERI),MNO-8,2001.
SDXue,JMKoandYLXu.OptimumParametersofTunedLiquidColumnDamperforSuppressingPitchingVi-brationofanUndampedStructure犤J犦.JournalofSoundandVibration,2000,234(4):639-653.
SKYallaandAKaree.OptimumAbsorberParametersforTunedLiquidColumnDampers犤J犦.JournalofStructuralEngineering,ASCE,2000,126(8).
李宏男,阎石,林皋.建筑结构利用TLCD减振的神经网络智能控制犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(3).
MehmetCelebi.SuccessfulPerformanceofaBase-IsolatedHospitalBuildingDuringthe17January1994NorthridgeEarthquake犤J犦.TheStructuralDesignofTallBuilding,1996,5:95-109.
NKurateetal.ActualSeismicResponseControlledBuildingwithSemi-activeDamperSystem犤J犦.EarthquakeEngi-neeringandStructuralDynamics,1999,28(11):1427-1447.
TTSoongandBFSpencerJr..Active,SemiactiveandHybridControlofStructures犤A犦.Proceedingsofthe12thWorldConferenceonEarthquakeEngineering(CD-ROM),Auckland,NewZealand,No.2834,2000.
FSadekandBMohraz.SemiactiveControl,AlgorithmsforStructureswithVariableDampers犤J犦.JournalofEngineer-ingMechanics,ASCE,1998,124(9):981-990.
钟立来,吴赖云,李明缪,杨培坚.东帝士85国际广场之结构主动控制犤J犦.结构工程(台北),1999,14(2):45-65.
姚琼芩,黄继起,吴汉松.变结构控制系统犤M犦.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1997.
CLi.PerformanceofMultipleTunedMassDampersforAttennatingUndesirableStructuresUndertheGroundAcceleration犤J犦.EarthquakeEngineeringandStructuralDynamics,2000,29(9):1405-1421.
阎维明,谭平,周福霖.两个控制装置的模拟地震振动台试验研究犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,2000,12(4):112-117.
欧进萍,关新春.磁流变耗能器及其性能犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(3):1-7.
杨巧荣,庄学真,刘文光,周福霖.夹层橡胶隔震支座全刚性性能,回转刚性及高压缩应力性能试验研究犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):118-125.
周锡元,马东辉,曾德民,韩淼.用刚性板连接的组合橡胶支座水平刚度计算方法犤J犦.土木工程学报,2000,33(6):38-44.
姜德生,RichardOClaus.智能材料器件结构与应用犤M犦.武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,2000.
王社良.形状记忆合金在结构控制中的应用犤M犦.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000.
FAnsari,AMaziandCLeung.IntelligentCivilEngi-neeringMaterialsandStructures犤M犦.PublishedbyASCE,NewYork,1997
瞿伟廉,王军武,徐幼麟,陈朝晖.ER/MR智能阻尼器耦连的带裙房高层建筑结构地震反应的半主动控制犤M犦.地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4).
李敏霞,欧进萍,王刚,桂丽萍.足尺变刚度控制系统性能试验与计算模型犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4).
BFSpencerJr.andYXHu.EarthquakeEngineeringFrontiersintheNewMillennium犤M犦.A.A.BalkemPublisher.Lisse/Abingdon/Exton(pa)/Tokyo,2001.
周云,邓雪松,徐赵东,铅粘弹性阻尼器性能试验研究犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(1):139-144.
吴斌,欧进萍.拟粘滞摩擦耗能器的试验与分析犤A犦.第五届全国地震工程会议文集犤C犦,北京,1998.
李敏霞.变刚度半主动结构振动控制犤D犦.哈尔滨建筑大学,1998.
李敏霞.大型渡槽隔震耗能混合减振技术的研究和足尺变刚度结构振动控制技术的研究犤R犦.中国水利水电科学研究院博士后研究报告,2000.
周福霖.工程结构减震控制犤M犦.北京:地震出版社,1997.
TMAlHussaini,VAZayasandMCConstantinou.SeismicIsolationofMulti-StoryFrameStructuresUsingSlidingSphericalIsolationSystems犤R犦.NCEER-94-0007,1994.
11thInternationalConferenceonStructuralMechanicsinReactorTechnology(SMIRT11)犤C犦.August18-23,1991,Tokyo,Japan
ASPallandRPall.Friction-DampersforSeismicControlofBuildings:aCanadianExperience犤R犦.11WCEE,AcapulcoMexico,1996.
张维,杨蔚彪.低周反复荷载下二阶摩擦减振控制支撑框架的试验研究犤J犦.建筑科学,1997,(4).
黄尚廉.智能结构系统———减灾防灾的研究前沿犤J犦.土木工程学报,2000,33(4).
RISkinner,WHRobinson,GHMcVerry著.工程隔震概论犤M犦.谢礼立等译,北京:地震出版社,1996.
周锡元,苏经宇,樊水荣.变摩擦滑移减震机构的动力分析犤A犦.第四届全国地震工程会议论文集犤C犦.中国哈尔滨,1994.
XiyuanZhou,MiaoHan.OptimumDesignofResilience-Friction-SlideBaseIsolationSystemforLowCostBuildings犤R犦.11WCEE,AcapulcoMexico,June24-29,1996.
GGLi,SCSinha.OptimalDesignofBaseIsolatedStructureswithDynamicAbsorbers犤J犦.JournalofEngineeringMechanics,1994,120(2):221-231.
荻丹绎,李爱群,程文.调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的等效力学模型研究犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,1998.18(1).
YFujinoandLMSun.VibrationControlbyMultipleTurnedLiquidDamper(MTLDs)犤J犦.JournalofStructuralEngineering,ASCE,1993,119(12).
龙复兴,赵晓红.土木工程结构最优控制问题的脉冲干扰解法(PDM)犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(4).犤15犦刘栋栋.追踪误差系统的H∞优化理论在结构主动控制中的应用犤J犦.工程抗震,1996,(2).
DongdongLiu,JianqinMao,JeZhang.StructureControlwithStiffnessUncertaintyinEarthquakeZone犤R犦.IEEEConferenceonControlApplication,Trieste,Italy,Sep.2-4,1998.
AJCaliseandGDSweriduk.ActiveAttenuationofBuildingStructuralResponseUsingRobustControl犤J犦.J.ofEngrg.Mech.,ASCE,1998,124(5).
RGhanemetal.AdaptiveControlofNonlinearUncertainDynamicalSystems犤J犦.J.ofEngrg.Mech.,ASCE,1997,123(11).
何玉敖,吴建军.线性结构振动的神经网络控制犤A犦.第二届全国建筑结构振动会议论文集犤C犦.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
KBans-HanandJGhaboussi.NonlinearStructuralControlUsingNeuralNetworks犤J犦.J.ofEngrg.Mech.,ASCE,1998,124(3).
王优华,黄尚廉.机敏/智能土建结构中的执行器———作用、原理及发展趋势犤J犦.振动与冲击,1998,17(2).
刘季,孙作玉.结构可变阻尼主动控制犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2).
JDCarlsonandBFSpencerJr..Magneto-RheologicalFluidDamperforSemi-ActiveSeismicControl犤A犦.Proc.3rdInt.Conf.onMotionandVib.Control犤C犦.Chiba,Japan,1996,Vol.Ⅲ.
SJDyke,BFSpencerJr.,MKSainandJDCalson.SeismicResponseReductionUsingMagneto-RheologicalDampers犤A犦.Proc.IFACWorldCongress犤C犦.SanFrancisco,CA,June30-July5,1996.
ZLiang,MTongandGCLee.Real-TimeStructuralParameterModification(RSPM):DevelopmentofInnervatedStructures犤R犦.NCEER-95-0012,1995.(下转第26页)
BFSpencerJr.andMKSain.ControllingBuildings:ANewFrontierinFeedback犤J犦.SpecialIssueoftheIEEEControlSystemsMagazineonEmergingTechnology,1997,17(6).
郭婷.多态混合控制及遗传算法在结构控制中的应用研究犤D犦.天津大学,1998.
TTSoong,GFDargush.PassiveEnergyDissipationSysteminStructuralEngineering犤M犦.JohnWiley&SonsInc.,1997.
GWHousner,LABergman,TKCaugheyetal.StructuralControl:Past,PresentandFuture犤J犦.JournalofEngi-neeringMechanics,ASCE,SpecialIssue,1997,123(9).
BFSpencerJr.andTTSoong.NewApplicationsandDevelopmentofActive,Semi-ActiveandHybridControlTechniquesforSeismicandNon-seismicVibrationintheUSA犤A犦.ProceedingsofInternationalPost-SMIRTConferenceSeminaronSeismicIsolation,PassiveEnergyDissipationandActiveControlofVibrationofStructures犤C犦.Chezu,Korea,August23-25,1999.
JG118-2000建筑隔震橡胶支座犤S犦.
韩淼,周锡元.基础隔震建筑软碰撞保护分析犤J犦.建筑科学,1999,15(1).
周锡元,韩淼,曾德民,樊水荣.具有软着陆保护的橡胶支座隔震体系犤J犦.建筑结构学报,2000,21(5).
PattenWN,HeQ,KuoCC,LiuLandSackRL.SeismicStructureControlViaHydraulicSemi-activeVibrationDampers犤A犦.ProceedingsofFirstWorldConferenceonStructuralControl犤C犦,FA2:83-89,LosAngeles,California,USA,1994.
KurataN,KoboriT,TakahashiM,NiwaNandKurinoH.ShakingTableExperimentsofActiveVariableDampingSystem犤A犦.ProceedingsofFirstWorldConferenceonStructuralControl犤C犦,TP2:108-127,LosAngeles,California,USA,1994.
FNaeim,JMKelly.DesignofSeismicIsolatedStruc-tures———FromTheorytoPractice犤M犦.JohnWiley&SonsInc.,1999.
MDMontiandWHRobinson.ALeadShearDamperSuitableforReducingtheMotionInducedbyWindandEarthquake犤R犦.11WCEE,Acapulco,Mexico,June23-28,1996.
RDHansonandTsuTSoong.SeismicDesignwithSup-plementalEnergyDissipationDevices犤R犦.EarthquakeEngineeringResearchInstitute(EERI),MNO-8,2001.
SDXue,JMKoandYLXu.OptimumParametersofTunedLiquidColumnDamperforSuppressingPitchingVi-brationofanUndampedStructure犤J犦.JournalofSoundandVibration,2000,234(4):639-653.
SKYallaandAKaree.OptimumAbsorberParametersforTunedLiquidColumnDampers犤J犦.JournalofStructuralEngineering,ASCE,2000,126(8).
李宏男,阎石,林皋.建筑结构利用TLCD减振的神经网络智能控制犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(3).
MehmetCelebi.SuccessfulPerformanceofaBase-IsolatedHospitalBuildingDuringthe17January1994NorthridgeEarthquake犤J犦.TheStructuralDesignofTallBuilding,1996,5:95-109.
NKurateetal.ActualSeismicResponseControlledBuildingwithSemi-activeDamperSystem犤J犦.EarthquakeEngi-neeringandStructuralDynamics,1999,28(11):1427-1447.
TTSoongandBFSpencerJr..Active,SemiactiveandHybridControlofStructures犤A犦.Proceedingsofthe12thWorldConferenceonEarthquakeEngineering(CD-ROM),Auckland,NewZealand,No.2834,2000.
FSadekandBMohraz.SemiactiveControl,AlgorithmsforStructureswithVariableDampers犤J犦.JournalofEngineer-ingMechanics,ASCE,1998,124(9):981-990.
钟立来,吴赖云,李明缪,杨培坚.东帝士85国际广场之结构主动控制犤J犦.结构工程(台北),1999,14(2):45-65.
姚琼芩,黄继起,吴汉松.变结构控制系统犤M犦.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1997.
CLi.PerformanceofMultipleTunedMassDampersforAttennatingUndesirableStructuresUndertheGroundAcceleration犤J犦.EarthquakeEngineeringandStructuralDynamics,2000,29(9):1405-1421.
阎维明,谭平,周福霖.两个控制装置的模拟地震振动台试验研究犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,2000,12(4):112-117.
欧进萍,关新春.磁流变耗能器及其性能犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(3):1-7.
杨巧荣,庄学真,刘文光,周福霖.夹层橡胶隔震支座全刚性性能,回转刚性及高压缩应力性能试验研究犤J犦.地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):118-125.
周锡元,马东辉,曾德民,韩淼.用刚性板连接的组合橡胶支座水平刚度计算方法犤J犦.土木工程学报,2000,33(6):38-44.
姜德生,RichardOClaus.智能材料器件结构与应用犤M犦.武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,2000.
王社良.形状记忆合金在结构控制中的应用犤M犦.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000.
FAnsari,AMaziandCLeung.IntelligentCivilEngi-neeringMaterialsandStructures犤M犦.PublishedbyASCE,NewYork,1997
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