一种基于频率域偏振分析提高三分量地震资料信噪比的方法
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摘要
三分量地震资料包含着丰富的运动学和动力学信息,各种随机噪声的存在严重降低了资料的信噪比,给有效信息的提取带来了一定的困难.本文在引入多窗谱分析方法的基础上,通过对谱密度矩阵特征问题的求解提取三分量地震记录的偏振参数,实现频率域偏振分析;根据所求得的偏振参数以及随机噪声和有效信号的偏振特性差异,设计相应的自适应滤波器,通过该滤波器的滤波作用,最终实现压制随机噪声的目的.
Although plenty of useful information on kinematics and dynamics is contained in the three-component seismic data,the signal is usually contaminated by all kinds of random noise,which brings up some obstacles for data processing and interpretation.In this paper,we present a method to enhance the signal/noise ratio of three-component seismic data by an adaptive polarization filter.To achieve this aim,the matrix of spectrum density is constructed,after the introduction of multi-taper method(MTM),to compute the polarization parameter(polarization degree) in frequency domain by resolving the eigenvalue problem of this matrix;and then,an adaptive polarization filter is designed to depress the random noise effectively.
Although plenty of useful information on kinematics and dynamics is contained in the three-component seismic data,the signal is usually contaminated by all kinds of random noise,which brings up some obstacles for data processing and interpretation.In this paper,we present a method to enhance the signal/noise ratio of three-component seismic data by an adaptive polarization filter.To achieve this aim,the matrix of spectrum density is constructed,after the introduction of multi-taper method(MTM),to compute the polarization parameter(polarization degree) in frequency domain by resolving the eigenvalue problem of this matrix;and then,an adaptive polarization filter is designed to depress the random noise effectively.
引文
[1]张中杰著.三分量资料处理与解释[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社.2002.
[2]詹正彬,姚姚.多波及横波地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社.1994.
[3]Ulrych T J,Sacchi M D,and Graul J M.Signal and noise sep-aration:art and science.Geophys,1999,64(5):1648~1656.
[4]何樵登,杨宝俊译,Е.И.加尔比林著.地震勘探偏振法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1989.
[5]王德利,何樵登,韩立国.裂隙型单斜介质中多方位地面三分量记录模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):386~393.
[6]Samson J C.Matrix and stokes vector representations of detec-tors for polarized waveforms,theory,with some applicationsto teleseismic waves[J].Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1977,51:583~603.
[7]Samson J C,Olson J V.Some comments on the descriptions ofthe polarization states of waves[J].Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1980,61:115~129.
[8]Samson J C,Olson J V.Data-adaptive polarization filters formultichannel geophysical data[J].Geophys,1981,46:1423~1431.
[9]Samson J C.The reduction of sample-bias in polarization esti-mators for multichannel geophysical data with anisotropic noise[J].Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1983,75:289~308.
[10]Samson J C.Pure state,polarized waves,and principal com-ponents in the spectra of multiple,geophysical time-series[J].Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1983,72:647~664.
[11]Park J.Vernon III.Frequency dependent polarization analy-sis of high-frequency seismograms[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1987,92:12664~12674.
[12]Jurkevics A.Polarization analysis of three-component arraydata[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1988,78(5):1725~1743.
[13]Shieh C F,Herrmann R B.Ground roll:Rejection using po-larization filters[J].Geophys.,1990,55(9):1216~1222.
[14]Park J,Levin V.Receiver functions from multi-taper spectralcorrelation estimates[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2000,90(6):1507~1520.
[15]Bataille K,Chiu J M.Polarization analysis of high-frequen-cy,three-component seismic data[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1991,81(2):622~642.
[16]Perelberg A I,Hornbostel S C.Applications of seismic polar-ization analysis[J].Geophys.,1994,59(1):119~130.
[17]李英康,崔作舟.分离纵波和横波的偏振旋转法[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(增刊Ⅱ):372~282.
[18]黄忠贤,陈虹,王贵华,等.面波偏振与中国大陆岩石层横向不均匀性[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(4):456~468.
[19]Yoshizawa K,Yomogida K,Tsuboi S.Resolving power ofsurface wave polarization data for higher-order heterogeneities[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1999,138:205~220.
[20]Lilly J M,Park J.Multiwavelet spectral and polarization ana-lyses of seismic records[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1995,122:1001~1021.
[21]刘财,董世学,杨宝俊,等.极化滤波在广角地震P、S波场分离中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,1995,17(2):15~18.
[22]葛勇,韩立国,韩文明,等.极化分析研究及其在波场分离中的应用[J].长春地质学院院报,1996,26(1):83~88.
[23]黄中玉,高林,徐亦鸣,等.三分量数据的偏振分析及其应用[J].石油物探,1996,35(2):9~16.
[24]Du Z J,Foulger G R,Mao W J,et al.Noise reduction forbroad-band,three-component seismograms using data-adap-tive polarization filters[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2000,141:820~828.
[25]陈赟,张中杰,孙春岩,等.利用自适应偏振滤波器剔除三分量地震资料中的随机与非随机噪声[M].见:中国地球地球物理学会年刊(18).北京:地震出版社,2002.
[26]Schimmel M,Gallart J.The use of instantaneous polarizationattributes for seismic signal detection and image enhancement[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2003,155:653~668.
[27]陈赟,张中杰,田小波,等.基于加窗Hilbert变换的复偏振分析方法及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):889~895.
[28]刘建华,刘福田,胥颐.三分量地震资料的偏振分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):6~10.
[29]Reading A M,Mao W J,et al.Polarization filtering for auto-matic picking of seismic data and improved converted phasedetection[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2001,147:227~234.
[30]Restivo A,Helffrich G.Teleseismic shear wave splittingmeasurements in noisy environments[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1999,137:821~830.
[31]Anderson S,Nehorai A.Analysis of a polarized seismic wavemodel[J].IEEE Proc.,1996,44(2):379~386.
[32]Thomson D J.Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis[J].IEEE Proc.,1982,70(9):1055~1096.
[33]Park J.Multi-taper spectral analysis of high-frequency seis-mograms[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1987,92:12,675~12,684.
[34]Riedel K S,Sidorenko A.Minimum bias multiple taper spec-tral estimation[J].IEEE Proc.,1995,43(1):188~200.
[2]詹正彬,姚姚.多波及横波地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社.1994.
[3]Ulrych T J,Sacchi M D,and Graul J M.Signal and noise sep-aration:art and science.Geophys,1999,64(5):1648~1656.
[4]何樵登,杨宝俊译,Е.И.加尔比林著.地震勘探偏振法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1989.
[5]王德利,何樵登,韩立国.裂隙型单斜介质中多方位地面三分量记录模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):386~393.
[6]Samson J C.Matrix and stokes vector representations of detec-tors for polarized waveforms,theory,with some applicationsto teleseismic waves[J].Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1977,51:583~603.
[7]Samson J C,Olson J V.Some comments on the descriptions ofthe polarization states of waves[J].Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1980,61:115~129.
[8]Samson J C,Olson J V.Data-adaptive polarization filters formultichannel geophysical data[J].Geophys,1981,46:1423~1431.
[9]Samson J C.The reduction of sample-bias in polarization esti-mators for multichannel geophysical data with anisotropic noise[J].Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1983,75:289~308.
[10]Samson J C.Pure state,polarized waves,and principal com-ponents in the spectra of multiple,geophysical time-series[J].Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1983,72:647~664.
[11]Park J.Vernon III.Frequency dependent polarization analy-sis of high-frequency seismograms[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1987,92:12664~12674.
[12]Jurkevics A.Polarization analysis of three-component arraydata[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1988,78(5):1725~1743.
[13]Shieh C F,Herrmann R B.Ground roll:Rejection using po-larization filters[J].Geophys.,1990,55(9):1216~1222.
[14]Park J,Levin V.Receiver functions from multi-taper spectralcorrelation estimates[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2000,90(6):1507~1520.
[15]Bataille K,Chiu J M.Polarization analysis of high-frequen-cy,three-component seismic data[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1991,81(2):622~642.
[16]Perelberg A I,Hornbostel S C.Applications of seismic polar-ization analysis[J].Geophys.,1994,59(1):119~130.
[17]李英康,崔作舟.分离纵波和横波的偏振旋转法[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(增刊Ⅱ):372~282.
[18]黄忠贤,陈虹,王贵华,等.面波偏振与中国大陆岩石层横向不均匀性[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(4):456~468.
[19]Yoshizawa K,Yomogida K,Tsuboi S.Resolving power ofsurface wave polarization data for higher-order heterogeneities[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1999,138:205~220.
[20]Lilly J M,Park J.Multiwavelet spectral and polarization ana-lyses of seismic records[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1995,122:1001~1021.
[21]刘财,董世学,杨宝俊,等.极化滤波在广角地震P、S波场分离中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,1995,17(2):15~18.
[22]葛勇,韩立国,韩文明,等.极化分析研究及其在波场分离中的应用[J].长春地质学院院报,1996,26(1):83~88.
[23]黄中玉,高林,徐亦鸣,等.三分量数据的偏振分析及其应用[J].石油物探,1996,35(2):9~16.
[24]Du Z J,Foulger G R,Mao W J,et al.Noise reduction forbroad-band,three-component seismograms using data-adap-tive polarization filters[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2000,141:820~828.
[25]陈赟,张中杰,孙春岩,等.利用自适应偏振滤波器剔除三分量地震资料中的随机与非随机噪声[M].见:中国地球地球物理学会年刊(18).北京:地震出版社,2002.
[26]Schimmel M,Gallart J.The use of instantaneous polarizationattributes for seismic signal detection and image enhancement[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2003,155:653~668.
[27]陈赟,张中杰,田小波,等.基于加窗Hilbert变换的复偏振分析方法及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):889~895.
[28]刘建华,刘福田,胥颐.三分量地震资料的偏振分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):6~10.
[29]Reading A M,Mao W J,et al.Polarization filtering for auto-matic picking of seismic data and improved converted phasedetection[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2001,147:227~234.
[30]Restivo A,Helffrich G.Teleseismic shear wave splittingmeasurements in noisy environments[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1999,137:821~830.
[31]Anderson S,Nehorai A.Analysis of a polarized seismic wavemodel[J].IEEE Proc.,1996,44(2):379~386.
[32]Thomson D J.Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis[J].IEEE Proc.,1982,70(9):1055~1096.
[33]Park J.Multi-taper spectral analysis of high-frequency seis-mograms[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1987,92:12,675~12,684.
[34]Riedel K S,Sidorenko A.Minimum bias multiple taper spec-tral estimation[J].IEEE Proc.,1995,43(1):188~200.
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