PS转换波界面二次源法射线追踪
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摘要
界面二次源法是最近提出的一种最小走时射线追踪方法,尤其适合层状介质中走时和射线路径的计算.该方法相对于传统的最小走时树方法(如Moser法),仅在物性界面上设置二次源,射线路径的方向只在层界面处发生改变,该方法最大程度地消除了射线路径的锯齿状现象,同时也避免了低变速区的射线路径多值现象,因此,它具有更高的追踪精度和效率.本文采用界面二次源法在各向同性介质中实现了PS转换波射线追踪,理论模型的计算证实了界面二次源法追踪PS转换波的准确性和高效性,同时该方法在各向异性介质中也很好地追踪出分离的PSV波和PSH波,因此该方法有利于横波分裂在地震勘探中的研究和应用.
The interface as second sources method applied to minimal traveltime raytrace is presented recently.It is a kind of new method especially appropriating for traveltime and raypaths computation in layered media.Compared with traditional method such as Moser,this method only sets the second sources on the interface between two adjacent layers,and on which the ray directions make changes.This method utmost eliminates zigzag phenomenon and avoids multivalue problem in flat areas with low velocity variation.Therefore it is more accurate and efficient.The paper carries out the raytrace process of PS converted waves in homogeneous medium.Computation of theoretical models proves that the method has more accuracy and efficiency,and at the same time it can also be applied to the ray tracing of decoupled PSV and PSH conversions in anisotropic medium,therefore the interface as second sources method will be great help to the study of transverse wave separating in seismic exploration.
The interface as second sources method applied to minimal traveltime raytrace is presented recently.It is a kind of new method especially appropriating for traveltime and raypaths computation in layered media.Compared with traditional method such as Moser,this method only sets the second sources on the interface between two adjacent layers,and on which the ray directions make changes.This method utmost eliminates zigzag phenomenon and avoids multivalue problem in flat areas with low velocity variation.Therefore it is more accurate and efficient.The paper carries out the raytrace process of PS converted waves in homogeneous medium.Computation of theoretical models proves that the method has more accuracy and efficiency,and at the same time it can also be applied to the ray tracing of decoupled PSV and PSH conversions in anisotropic medium,therefore the interface as second sources method will be great help to the study of transverse wave separating in seismic exploration.
引文
[1]Tessmer G,Behle A.Common reflection point data-stackingtechnique for converted waves[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1988,36(7):671~688.
[2]Taylor G G.The point of P-S mode-converted reflection.Anexact determination[J].Geophysics,1989.54(8):1060~1063.
[3]Emmier D P,等.美国俄怀俄明州塞拉油田断裂性储层的转换P-SV波分析[A].见:美国勘探地球物理学会第59届论文集[C],282~285,北京:石油工业出版社,1991.
[4]Den Rooijen,HPGM.Stacting of P-SV seismic refection datausing dip moveout[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39:585~598.
[5]Harrison M P,Stewart R R.Poststack migration of P-SV seis-mic data[J].Geophysics,1993,58(8):1127~1135.
[6]周竹生.P-SV波和SH波的AVO分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(4):305~317.
[7]Eliasata,Reinaldo J,et al.Mapping distribution of fracture ina reservoir with P-S converted waves[J].The Leading Edne,1995,6.
[8]Gaiser J E,Fowler P J,et al.Challenges for 3-D convertedwave processing[A]:67th Ann[C].Internet Mtg,Soc ExpGeophys,Expanded Abstracts,CD,1997.
[9]Harrison M P.Dip moveout for convert-wave(P-SV)data in aconstant velocity medium[A]:60th Ann[C].Intenat Mtg,Soc Exp Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,CD,1997.
[10]Grechka V,Tsvankin I,et al.Generalized Dix equation andanalytic treatment of normal-moveout velocity for anisotropicmedia[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1999,47:117~148.
[11]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin I.Estimation of fractureparameter of HTI media from surface P and PS data[A]:69th Ann[C].Internat Mtg,Soc Exp Geophys,ExpandedAbstracts.CD,1999.
[12]Leon Thomsen.Converted-wave reflection seismology overinhomogeneous,anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):678~690.
[13]Bale R,et al.Analysis and stacking of 3-D converted wavedata in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy[A]:70th AnnualInternat[C].Mtg,Soc Exp Geophys,Expanded Abstracts.CD,2000.
[14]Min Lou.Shear-wave splitting and fracture orientation analy-sis from PS wave-examples from synthetic and field OBC data[J].Expanded Abstract of 71 Annual Internal SEG Mtg.2001.
[15]张宏兵,杨长春,等.基于软约束模式的波阻抗反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):837~844.
[16]李录明,罗省贤.P-SV波转换波速度分析及解释方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(1):66~74.
[17]魏修成,刘洋.高精度转换波速度分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):57~59.
[18]刘洋,魏修成.转换波三参数速度分析[J].中国地球物理学会年刊,北京:地震出版社,2002:20~20.
[19]周竹生,王卫华.一种快速、高精度的共转换点轨迹计算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(1):37~45.
[20]Thosmen L.Converted 2 wave reflection seismology over in-homogeneous anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):678~690.
[21]Yuan J X,Li X Y.PS-wave conversion-point equation in lay-ered anisotropic media[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71st An-nual International SEG Meeting,2001,157~160.
[22]郭向宇,凌云,魏修成.PS转换波共转换点的几种计算方法及实际应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):141~148.
[23]许士勇,马在田.快速有效的转换波共转换点叠加技术[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(4):557~568.
[24]李建荣,王磊,王赟.开发地震的几个问题初探[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):279~284.
[25]Margrave G F,Lawton D C,Stewart R R.Interpretingchannel sands with 3C23D seismic data[J].The LeadingEdge,1998,4:509~513.
[26]张永刚,王赟,王妙月.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151~155.
[27]Julian B R,Gubbins D.Three-dimensional seismic ray trac-ing[J].J Geophys,1977,43:95~114.
[28]Thurber C H,Ellsworth W L.Rapid solution of ray tracingproblems in heterogeneous media[J].Bull Seis Soc Am,1980,70:1137~1148.
[29]Nakanishi I,Yamaguchi K.A numerical experiment on non-linear image reconstruction from first arrival times for two di-mensional island arc structure[J].J Phys Earth,1986,34:195~201.
[30]Moser T J.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays[J].Geo-physics,1991,56:59~67.
[31]张美根.界面二次源波前扩展法全局最小走时射线追踪技术[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1169~1175.
[32]张建中,陈世军,余大祥.最短路径射线追踪方法及其改进[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):146~150.
[2]Taylor G G.The point of P-S mode-converted reflection.Anexact determination[J].Geophysics,1989.54(8):1060~1063.
[3]Emmier D P,等.美国俄怀俄明州塞拉油田断裂性储层的转换P-SV波分析[A].见:美国勘探地球物理学会第59届论文集[C],282~285,北京:石油工业出版社,1991.
[4]Den Rooijen,HPGM.Stacting of P-SV seismic refection datausing dip moveout[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39:585~598.
[5]Harrison M P,Stewart R R.Poststack migration of P-SV seis-mic data[J].Geophysics,1993,58(8):1127~1135.
[6]周竹生.P-SV波和SH波的AVO分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(4):305~317.
[7]Eliasata,Reinaldo J,et al.Mapping distribution of fracture ina reservoir with P-S converted waves[J].The Leading Edne,1995,6.
[8]Gaiser J E,Fowler P J,et al.Challenges for 3-D convertedwave processing[A]:67th Ann[C].Internet Mtg,Soc ExpGeophys,Expanded Abstracts,CD,1997.
[9]Harrison M P.Dip moveout for convert-wave(P-SV)data in aconstant velocity medium[A]:60th Ann[C].Intenat Mtg,Soc Exp Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,CD,1997.
[10]Grechka V,Tsvankin I,et al.Generalized Dix equation andanalytic treatment of normal-moveout velocity for anisotropicmedia[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1999,47:117~148.
[11]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin I.Estimation of fractureparameter of HTI media from surface P and PS data[A]:69th Ann[C].Internat Mtg,Soc Exp Geophys,ExpandedAbstracts.CD,1999.
[12]Leon Thomsen.Converted-wave reflection seismology overinhomogeneous,anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):678~690.
[13]Bale R,et al.Analysis and stacking of 3-D converted wavedata in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy[A]:70th AnnualInternat[C].Mtg,Soc Exp Geophys,Expanded Abstracts.CD,2000.
[14]Min Lou.Shear-wave splitting and fracture orientation analy-sis from PS wave-examples from synthetic and field OBC data[J].Expanded Abstract of 71 Annual Internal SEG Mtg.2001.
[15]张宏兵,杨长春,等.基于软约束模式的波阻抗反演[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):837~844.
[16]李录明,罗省贤.P-SV波转换波速度分析及解释方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(1):66~74.
[17]魏修成,刘洋.高精度转换波速度分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):57~59.
[18]刘洋,魏修成.转换波三参数速度分析[J].中国地球物理学会年刊,北京:地震出版社,2002:20~20.
[19]周竹生,王卫华.一种快速、高精度的共转换点轨迹计算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(1):37~45.
[20]Thosmen L.Converted 2 wave reflection seismology over in-homogeneous anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):678~690.
[21]Yuan J X,Li X Y.PS-wave conversion-point equation in lay-ered anisotropic media[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71st An-nual International SEG Meeting,2001,157~160.
[22]郭向宇,凌云,魏修成.PS转换波共转换点的几种计算方法及实际应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):141~148.
[23]许士勇,马在田.快速有效的转换波共转换点叠加技术[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(4):557~568.
[24]李建荣,王磊,王赟.开发地震的几个问题初探[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):279~284.
[25]Margrave G F,Lawton D C,Stewart R R.Interpretingchannel sands with 3C23D seismic data[J].The LeadingEdge,1998,4:509~513.
[26]张永刚,王赟,王妙月.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151~155.
[27]Julian B R,Gubbins D.Three-dimensional seismic ray trac-ing[J].J Geophys,1977,43:95~114.
[28]Thurber C H,Ellsworth W L.Rapid solution of ray tracingproblems in heterogeneous media[J].Bull Seis Soc Am,1980,70:1137~1148.
[29]Nakanishi I,Yamaguchi K.A numerical experiment on non-linear image reconstruction from first arrival times for two di-mensional island arc structure[J].J Phys Earth,1986,34:195~201.
[30]Moser T J.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays[J].Geo-physics,1991,56:59~67.
[31]张美根.界面二次源波前扩展法全局最小走时射线追踪技术[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1169~1175.
[32]张建中,陈世军,余大祥.最短路径射线追踪方法及其改进[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):146~150.
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