虑传播效应的多波保幅AVO正演(英文)
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摘要
传统的AVO正演只考虑了单一界面的反射系数对地震波波场振幅的影响,忽略了地震波在介质中传播的各种传播效应。通过引入地震波在介质中传播的几何扩散、吸收衰减以及透射损失等传播效应,提出了基于射线理论的水平层状介质多波保幅AVO正演方法。推导了水平层状介质多波几何扩散校正公式,来描述多波在介质中传播的几何扩散效应。通过直接引入复旅行时,而无需借助复速度,建立了复旅行时与品质因子的关系,来描述粘弹介质的吸收衰减。直接求解Zoeppritz方程计算多波的透射系数,用于描述多波在介质中传播时的透射损失。数值计算表明,几何扩散、吸收衰减以及透射损失对多波振幅的影响是随偏移距变化而变化的,多波保幅AVO正演需要考虑波传播效应对反射波振幅的改造。
Traditional AVO forward modeling only considers the impact of reflection coefficients at the interface on seismic wave field amplitude and ignores various propagation effects.Introducing wave propagation effects including geometric spreading,transmission loss,attenuation into seismic wave propagation,multi-wave amplitude-preserved AVO forward modeling for horizontally layered media based on ray theory is proposed in this paper.We derived the multi-wave geometric spreading correction formulas for horizontally layered media in order to describe the geometric spreading effect of multi-wave propagation.Introducing the complex traveltime directly,we built the relationship between complex traveltime and quality factor without the help of complex velocity to describe the attenuation of viscoelastic media.Multi-wave transmission coefficients,obtained by solving the Zoeppritz equations directly,is used to describe the transmission loss.Numerical results show that the effects of geometric spreading,attenuation,and transmission loss on multi-wave amplitude varies with offset and multi-wave amplitude-preserved AVO forward modeling should consider the reconstructive effect of wave propagation on reflection amplitude.
Traditional AVO forward modeling only considers the impact of reflection coefficients at the interface on seismic wave field amplitude and ignores various propagation effects.Introducing wave propagation effects including geometric spreading,transmission loss,attenuation into seismic wave propagation,multi-wave amplitude-preserved AVO forward modeling for horizontally layered media based on ray theory is proposed in this paper.We derived the multi-wave geometric spreading correction formulas for horizontally layered media in order to describe the geometric spreading effect of multi-wave propagation.Introducing the complex traveltime directly,we built the relationship between complex traveltime and quality factor without the help of complex velocity to describe the attenuation of viscoelastic media.Multi-wave transmission coefficients,obtained by solving the Zoeppritz equations directly,is used to describe the transmission loss.Numerical results show that the effects of geometric spreading,attenuation,and transmission loss on multi-wave amplitude varies with offset and multi-wave amplitude-preserved AVO forward modeling should consider the reconstructive effect of wave propagation on reflection amplitude.
引文
Aki,K.,and Richards,P.G.,1980,Quantitative seismology: Theory and methods,Vol. 1: W.H. Freeman & Co.,San Francisco,CA.
Bleistein,N.,Cohen,J. K. and Stockwell,J. W.,2001,Mathematical methods of Seismic imaging,migration and inversion: Springer-Verlag,New York.
Castagna J. P.,Swan,H. W.,and Foster,D. J., 1998,Framework for AVO gradient and intercept interpretation: Geophysics,63 (3),948-956.
Castagna,J. P.,and Swan,H. W.,1997,Principles of AVO cross plotting: The Leading Edge,16,337-342.
Cerveny,V.,and Hron,F.,1980,The ray series method and dynamic ray tracing system for three-dimensional inhomogeneous media: Bull.Seis,Soc. Am.,70,47-77.
Cerveny,V.,and Ravindra,R.,1971,Theory of seismic head waves: Univ. of Toronto Press,Canada.
Cerveny,V.,Molotkov,I. A.,and Psencik,I.,1977,Ray method in seismology: Charles University,Prague.
Che,C. X.,Wang,X. M.,and Lin,W. J.,2010,The Chebyshev spectral element method using staggered predictor and corrector for elastic wave simulations, Applied Geophysics,7(2),174-184.
Chen,T. S.,Liu,Y.,and Wei,X. C.,2006,Joint amplitude versus off set inversion of P-P and P-SV seismic data: Journal of China University of Petroleum,30(1),33-37.
Foster,D. J.,Keys,R. G.,and Lane,F.D.,2010, Interpretation of AVO anomalies: Geophysics,75(5),75A3-75A13.
Fuchs,K.,and Muller,G.,1971,Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity method and comparison with observations: Geophysical Journal Royal Astronomical Society,23,417-433.
Gidlow,P. M.,Smith,G. C.,and Vail,P. J.,1992, Hydrocarbon detection using fluid factor traces: Joint SEG / EAGE Summer Research Workshop,Technical Program and Abstracts,78-89.
Hearn,D. J.,and Krebest,E. S.,1990,On computing ray-synthetic seismograms for an elastic media using complex rays: Geophysics,55(4),422-432.
Hron,F.,and Nechtschein,S.,1996,Extension of asymptotic ray theory to linear viscoelastic media: 66 th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts, 1983-1986.
Hron,F.,May,B. T.,Covey,J. D.,and Daley,P. F., 1986,Synthetic seismic sections for acoustic,elastic, anisotropic,and vertically inhomogeneous layered media: Geophysics,51(3),710-735.
Kennett,B. L. N.,1983,Seismic wave propagation in stratified media: New York,Cambridge University Press,London.
Koefoed,O.,1955,On the effect of Poisson’s ratios of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane waves: Geophysical Prospecting,3,381-387.
Lu,J. and Wang Y.,2010,Seismic wave propagation in Kelvin visco-elastic VTI media,Applied Geophysics,7(4),357-364.
Mallick,S.,and Frazer,L. N.,1987,Practical aspects of reflectivity modeling: Geophysics,52(10),1355-1364.
Muller,G.,1985,The reflectivity method: a tutorial: Journal of Geophysics,58,153-174.
Ostrander,W. J.,1984,Plane wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence: Geophysics,49,1637-1648.
Rutherford,S. R.,and Williams,R. H.,1989,Amplitude- versus-offset variations in gas sands: Geophysics,54(6), 680-688.
Shuey,R. T.,1985,A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations: Geophysics,50,609-614.
Wei,X. C.,Chen,T. S.,and Ji,Y. X.,2008,Converted wave AVO inversion for average velocity ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient: 78 th Annual International Meeting, SEG,Expanded Abstracts,269-273.
Yang,P. J.,Mu,X.,and Yin,X. Y.,2009,Prestack three- term simultaneous inversion method and its application: Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(2),232-236.
Yan,Z.,and Gu,H. M.,2010,Application of quantum- behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm in AVO inversion: Oil Geophysical Prospecting,45(4),516-519.
Zhang,F. C.,and Yin,X. Y.,2004,A full wave field forward modeling and inversion method for prestack seismogram: Oil Geophysical Prospectin,43(3),217- 222.
Zhang,F. C.,and Yin,X. Y.,2005,Elastic equation inversion of seismic data in layered half-space: Oil Geophysical Prospecting,40(5),523-529.
Zoeppritz K. 1919,On the reflection and penetration of seismic waves through unstable layers. Goettinger Nachr, I,66-84.
Bleistein,N.,Cohen,J. K. and Stockwell,J. W.,2001,Mathematical methods of Seismic imaging,migration and inversion: Springer-Verlag,New York.
Castagna J. P.,Swan,H. W.,and Foster,D. J., 1998,Framework for AVO gradient and intercept interpretation: Geophysics,63 (3),948-956.
Castagna,J. P.,and Swan,H. W.,1997,Principles of AVO cross plotting: The Leading Edge,16,337-342.
Cerveny,V.,and Hron,F.,1980,The ray series method and dynamic ray tracing system for three-dimensional inhomogeneous media: Bull.Seis,Soc. Am.,70,47-77.
Cerveny,V.,and Ravindra,R.,1971,Theory of seismic head waves: Univ. of Toronto Press,Canada.
Cerveny,V.,Molotkov,I. A.,and Psencik,I.,1977,Ray method in seismology: Charles University,Prague.
Che,C. X.,Wang,X. M.,and Lin,W. J.,2010,The Chebyshev spectral element method using staggered predictor and corrector for elastic wave simulations, Applied Geophysics,7(2),174-184.
Chen,T. S.,Liu,Y.,and Wei,X. C.,2006,Joint amplitude versus off set inversion of P-P and P-SV seismic data: Journal of China University of Petroleum,30(1),33-37.
Foster,D. J.,Keys,R. G.,and Lane,F.D.,2010, Interpretation of AVO anomalies: Geophysics,75(5),75A3-75A13.
Fuchs,K.,and Muller,G.,1971,Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity method and comparison with observations: Geophysical Journal Royal Astronomical Society,23,417-433.
Gidlow,P. M.,Smith,G. C.,and Vail,P. J.,1992, Hydrocarbon detection using fluid factor traces: Joint SEG / EAGE Summer Research Workshop,Technical Program and Abstracts,78-89.
Hearn,D. J.,and Krebest,E. S.,1990,On computing ray-synthetic seismograms for an elastic media using complex rays: Geophysics,55(4),422-432.
Hron,F.,and Nechtschein,S.,1996,Extension of asymptotic ray theory to linear viscoelastic media: 66 th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts, 1983-1986.
Hron,F.,May,B. T.,Covey,J. D.,and Daley,P. F., 1986,Synthetic seismic sections for acoustic,elastic, anisotropic,and vertically inhomogeneous layered media: Geophysics,51(3),710-735.
Kennett,B. L. N.,1983,Seismic wave propagation in stratified media: New York,Cambridge University Press,London.
Koefoed,O.,1955,On the effect of Poisson’s ratios of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane waves: Geophysical Prospecting,3,381-387.
Lu,J. and Wang Y.,2010,Seismic wave propagation in Kelvin visco-elastic VTI media,Applied Geophysics,7(4),357-364.
Mallick,S.,and Frazer,L. N.,1987,Practical aspects of reflectivity modeling: Geophysics,52(10),1355-1364.
Muller,G.,1985,The reflectivity method: a tutorial: Journal of Geophysics,58,153-174.
Ostrander,W. J.,1984,Plane wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence: Geophysics,49,1637-1648.
Rutherford,S. R.,and Williams,R. H.,1989,Amplitude- versus-offset variations in gas sands: Geophysics,54(6), 680-688.
Shuey,R. T.,1985,A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations: Geophysics,50,609-614.
Wei,X. C.,Chen,T. S.,and Ji,Y. X.,2008,Converted wave AVO inversion for average velocity ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient: 78 th Annual International Meeting, SEG,Expanded Abstracts,269-273.
Yang,P. J.,Mu,X.,and Yin,X. Y.,2009,Prestack three- term simultaneous inversion method and its application: Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(2),232-236.
Yan,Z.,and Gu,H. M.,2010,Application of quantum- behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm in AVO inversion: Oil Geophysical Prospecting,45(4),516-519.
Zhang,F. C.,and Yin,X. Y.,2004,A full wave field forward modeling and inversion method for prestack seismogram: Oil Geophysical Prospectin,43(3),217- 222.
Zhang,F. C.,and Yin,X. Y.,2005,Elastic equation inversion of seismic data in layered half-space: Oil Geophysical Prospecting,40(5),523-529.
Zoeppritz K. 1919,On the reflection and penetration of seismic waves through unstable layers. Goettinger Nachr, I,66-84.
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