东沙海域天然气水合物特征分析及饱和度估算
|
摘要
构造控制天然气水合物的赋存,在底辟构造、海底滑坡、活动断层和挤压脊等特殊地质体发育区是天然气水合物成藏的有利区域。不同地质体附近含水合物地层反射振幅强度和连续性各不相同,仅从地震剖面上难以进行准确识别。声波阻抗可以提供丰富的岩性信息。在东沙海域,以大洋钻探1148井的测井资料和叠加速度作为约束条件,采用约束稀疏脉冲反演方法,基于地震资料进行了波阻抗反演,获得了声波阻抗剖面,在声波阻抗剖面上水合物层表现为高声波阻抗异常,水合物层之下出现低声波阻抗异常。通过最小二乘法建立了1148井的声波阻抗与饱和水孔隙度之间的拟合关系式,计算出饱和水地层的孔隙度为40%～50%。基于阿尔奇方程,通过反演的声波阻抗计算了0101地震测线水域的水合物饱和度,其占孔隙空间的比例为10%～20%,含水合物地层呈横向部分连续分布特征。
The tectonic activity controls the occurrence of gas hydrate. Special structure bodies,such as diapir,submarine slide,active fault and compressive ridge are the favorable area of gas hydrate formation. The amplitude and continuity of reflections from gas hydrate neighboring different geologic bodies are different,which is difficult to be accurately recognized only from seismic profiles.Acoustic im- pedance can provide rock property information.In Dongsha sea area, taking the logging data and seismic stack velocity of ODP Leg at well 1148 as constraint,constrained sparse spike inversion was used to obtain acoustic impedance section.On the acoustic impedance section,the positive anomaly is shown in the gas hydrate-bearing zone and the negative anomaly is shown below the gas hydrate-bearing zone.The fitted formula between water-saturated porosity and acoustic impedance of well 1148 was derived by using lease square method.The calculated water-saturated porosity is 40%～50%.Based on Archie equation,gas hydrate saturation of line0101 was calculated by the inversed acoustic impedance,which is 10%～20%of the pore space.The gas hydrate-bearing formation appears to be layered and continuous.
The tectonic activity controls the occurrence of gas hydrate. Special structure bodies,such as diapir,submarine slide,active fault and compressive ridge are the favorable area of gas hydrate formation. The amplitude and continuity of reflections from gas hydrate neighboring different geologic bodies are different,which is difficult to be accurately recognized only from seismic profiles.Acoustic im- pedance can provide rock property information.In Dongsha sea area, taking the logging data and seismic stack velocity of ODP Leg at well 1148 as constraint,constrained sparse spike inversion was used to obtain acoustic impedance section.On the acoustic impedance section,the positive anomaly is shown in the gas hydrate-bearing zone and the negative anomaly is shown below the gas hydrate-bearing zone.The fitted formula between water-saturated porosity and acoustic impedance of well 1148 was derived by using lease square method.The calculated water-saturated porosity is 40%～50%.Based on Archie equation,gas hydrate saturation of line0101 was calculated by the inversed acoustic impedance,which is 10%～20%of the pore space.The gas hydrate-bearing formation appears to be layered and continuous.
引文
1 Hyndman R D,Spence G D.A seismic study of methane hydrate marine bottom simulating reflector[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B 5): 6 683-6 698
2 Kvenvolden K A,Barnard L A.Gas hydrates of the blake outer ridge site 533,deep sea drilling project leg 76[A].In:Sheridan R E,Gradstein F M,eds.Initial Reports of Deep Sea Drilling Project 76[C].Washington, USA:U.S.Govt.Printing office,1982.353-365
3 Lu S M,McMechan G A.Estimation of gas hydrate and free gas saturation,concentration,and distribution from seismic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):582 - 593
4 Lu S M,McMechan G A.Elastic impedance inversion of multichannel seismic data from unconsolidated sediments containing gas hydrate and free gas[J].Geophysics, 2004,69(1):164-179
5 Wu S G,Liu Z,Wang W Y,et al.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation in Dongsha Islands and adjacent sea area [J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2003,21(4):377-388
6张光学,祝有海,梁金强,等.构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):605-612
7宋海斌,吴时国,江为为.南海东北部973剖面BSR及其热流特征[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1 508- 1 517
8吴能友,曾维军,宋海斌,等.南海区域构造沉降特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪,2003,23(1):55-65
9吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1): 22-26
10 Zhang H Q,Yang S X,Wu N Y,et al.Successful and surprising results for China's first gas hydrate drilling expedition:fire in the ice[J].Methane Hydrate Newsletter, 2007(1):6-9
11 Carcione J M,Tinivella U.Bottom-simulating reflectors: seismic velocities and AVO effects[J].Geophysics, 2000,65(1):54-67
12 Tinivella U.A method for estimating gas hydrate and free gas concentrations in marine sediments[J].Bollettino di Geofisica Teoricaed Applicata,1999,40(1): 19-30
13 Wood W T,Stoffa P L,Shipley T H.Quantitative detection of methane hydrate through high-resolution seismic velocity analysis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(B5):9 681-9 695
14 Yuan T,Hyndman R D,Spence G D,et al.Seismic velocity increase and deep-sea gas hydrate concentration above a bottom-simulating reflector on the northern Cascadia continental slope[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B6):13 655- 13 671
15 Korenaga J,Holbrook W S,Singh S C,et al.Natural gas hydrates on the southeast US margin:constraints from full waveform and travel time inversion of wideangle seismic data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997,102(B7):15 345- 15 365
16 Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A.Estimating the amount of gas hydrate and free gas from marine seismic data[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(2):565 - 573
17郭朝斌,杨小波,陈红岳,等.约束稀疏脉冲反演在储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):397-398
18 Pearson C F,Halleck P M,McGuire P L,et al.Natural gas hydrate deposits:a review of in situ properties[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry,1983,87(21):4 180- 4 185
19 Latimer R B,Davison R,Riel P V.An interpreter's guide to understanding and working with seismic-derived acoustic impedance data[J].The Leading Edge, 2000,19(3):242-256
20 Archie G E.The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1942,5:1 -8
21 Collett T S,Ladd J.Detection of gas hydrate with downhole logs and assessment of gas hydrate concentrations (saturations) and gas volumes on the Blake Ridge with electrical resistivity log data:in Miller[J]. Publication Dates of ODP Proceeding:Scientific Results, 2000,164:179-191
22 Zhu Y H,Huang Y Y,Matsumoto R,et al.Geochemical and stable isotopic compositions of pore fluids and authigenic siderite concretions from Site 1146,ODP Leg 184:implications for gas hydrate[J].Publication Dates of ODP Proceeding:Scientific Results,2003, 184:1-15
23 Wang P X,Prell W L,Blum P,et al.Exploring the Asian monsoon through drilling in the South China Sea [J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program:Initial Report,2000,184:1-77
24蒋恒毅.南海ODP1148站33Ma以来的沉积矿物组成通量及其构造响应[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006.
25 Dvorkin J,Parasad M,Sakai A,et al.Elasticity of marine sediments:rock physics modelling[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(12):1 781-1 784
26王秀娟,吴时国,刘学伟.天然气水合物和游离气饱和度估算的影响因素[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2): 504-511
27陈忠,颜文,陈木宏,等.南海北部大陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的发现:海底天然气渗漏活动的新证据[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):1 065-1 072
28王宏斌,张光学,梁劲,等.南海北部陆坡坳隆断裂带中水合物赋存的温压场环境[J].现代地质,2006,20(1): 103-108
29王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造的特点及其与天然气水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):75-78
30赵汘青,吴时国,徐宁,等.东海与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物初探[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):115-122
31 Liu C S,Schntirle P,Wang Y,et al.Distribution and characters of gas hydrate offshore of southwestern Taiwan[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2006,17(4):615-644
32 Lin C C,Lin A T S,Liu C S,et al.Geological controls on BSR occurrences in the incipient arc-continent collision zone off southwest Taiwan[-J].Marine and Petrology Geology,2009,26(7):1 118-1 131
33 Yu H S,Huang Z Y.Morphotectonics and sedimentation in convergent margin basins:an example from juxtaposed marginal sea basin and foreland basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2009,466 (3—4):241-254
34 Pearson C F,Halleck P M,McGuire P L,et al.Natural gas hydrate:a review of in situ properties[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,1983,87:4 180-4 185
2 Kvenvolden K A,Barnard L A.Gas hydrates of the blake outer ridge site 533,deep sea drilling project leg 76[A].In:Sheridan R E,Gradstein F M,eds.Initial Reports of Deep Sea Drilling Project 76[C].Washington, USA:U.S.Govt.Printing office,1982.353-365
3 Lu S M,McMechan G A.Estimation of gas hydrate and free gas saturation,concentration,and distribution from seismic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):582 - 593
4 Lu S M,McMechan G A.Elastic impedance inversion of multichannel seismic data from unconsolidated sediments containing gas hydrate and free gas[J].Geophysics, 2004,69(1):164-179
5 Wu S G,Liu Z,Wang W Y,et al.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation in Dongsha Islands and adjacent sea area [J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2003,21(4):377-388
6张光学,祝有海,梁金强,等.构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):605-612
7宋海斌,吴时国,江为为.南海东北部973剖面BSR及其热流特征[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1 508- 1 517
8吴能友,曾维军,宋海斌,等.南海区域构造沉降特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪,2003,23(1):55-65
9吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1): 22-26
10 Zhang H Q,Yang S X,Wu N Y,et al.Successful and surprising results for China's first gas hydrate drilling expedition:fire in the ice[J].Methane Hydrate Newsletter, 2007(1):6-9
11 Carcione J M,Tinivella U.Bottom-simulating reflectors: seismic velocities and AVO effects[J].Geophysics, 2000,65(1):54-67
12 Tinivella U.A method for estimating gas hydrate and free gas concentrations in marine sediments[J].Bollettino di Geofisica Teoricaed Applicata,1999,40(1): 19-30
13 Wood W T,Stoffa P L,Shipley T H.Quantitative detection of methane hydrate through high-resolution seismic velocity analysis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(B5):9 681-9 695
14 Yuan T,Hyndman R D,Spence G D,et al.Seismic velocity increase and deep-sea gas hydrate concentration above a bottom-simulating reflector on the northern Cascadia continental slope[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B6):13 655- 13 671
15 Korenaga J,Holbrook W S,Singh S C,et al.Natural gas hydrates on the southeast US margin:constraints from full waveform and travel time inversion of wideangle seismic data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997,102(B7):15 345- 15 365
16 Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A.Estimating the amount of gas hydrate and free gas from marine seismic data[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(2):565 - 573
17郭朝斌,杨小波,陈红岳,等.约束稀疏脉冲反演在储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):397-398
18 Pearson C F,Halleck P M,McGuire P L,et al.Natural gas hydrate deposits:a review of in situ properties[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry,1983,87(21):4 180- 4 185
19 Latimer R B,Davison R,Riel P V.An interpreter's guide to understanding and working with seismic-derived acoustic impedance data[J].The Leading Edge, 2000,19(3):242-256
20 Archie G E.The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1942,5:1 -8
21 Collett T S,Ladd J.Detection of gas hydrate with downhole logs and assessment of gas hydrate concentrations (saturations) and gas volumes on the Blake Ridge with electrical resistivity log data:in Miller[J]. Publication Dates of ODP Proceeding:Scientific Results, 2000,164:179-191
22 Zhu Y H,Huang Y Y,Matsumoto R,et al.Geochemical and stable isotopic compositions of pore fluids and authigenic siderite concretions from Site 1146,ODP Leg 184:implications for gas hydrate[J].Publication Dates of ODP Proceeding:Scientific Results,2003, 184:1-15
23 Wang P X,Prell W L,Blum P,et al.Exploring the Asian monsoon through drilling in the South China Sea [J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program:Initial Report,2000,184:1-77
24蒋恒毅.南海ODP1148站33Ma以来的沉积矿物组成通量及其构造响应[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006.
25 Dvorkin J,Parasad M,Sakai A,et al.Elasticity of marine sediments:rock physics modelling[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(12):1 781-1 784
26王秀娟,吴时国,刘学伟.天然气水合物和游离气饱和度估算的影响因素[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2): 504-511
27陈忠,颜文,陈木宏,等.南海北部大陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的发现:海底天然气渗漏活动的新证据[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):1 065-1 072
28王宏斌,张光学,梁劲,等.南海北部陆坡坳隆断裂带中水合物赋存的温压场环境[J].现代地质,2006,20(1): 103-108
29王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造的特点及其与天然气水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):75-78
30赵汘青,吴时国,徐宁,等.东海与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物初探[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):115-122
31 Liu C S,Schntirle P,Wang Y,et al.Distribution and characters of gas hydrate offshore of southwestern Taiwan[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2006,17(4):615-644
32 Lin C C,Lin A T S,Liu C S,et al.Geological controls on BSR occurrences in the incipient arc-continent collision zone off southwest Taiwan[-J].Marine and Petrology Geology,2009,26(7):1 118-1 131
33 Yu H S,Huang Z Y.Morphotectonics and sedimentation in convergent margin basins:an example from juxtaposed marginal sea basin and foreland basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2009,466 (3—4):241-254
34 Pearson C F,Halleck P M,McGuire P L,et al.Natural gas hydrate:a review of in situ properties[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,1983,87:4 180-4 185
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心