珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别
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摘要
白云凹陷属珠江口盆地的一个次级构造单元.通过对二维地震剖面上模糊带的分析,凹陷中心发育北西西向展布、面积约1000km2的底辟带,底辟幅度最大可达8km.高精度磁力资料显示底辟带为一个低磁异常区.底辟构造包括龟背上拱、弱刺穿、气烟囱、底辟断层(或裂缝)、海底麻坑等类型,主要发源于断陷期深湖相的文昌组(始新统)—恩平组(上始新统-下渐新统),其次为坳陷期浅海-深海相沉积的珠江组(下中新统)—韩江组(中中新统)的两套巨厚富泥沉积层.白云凹陷具有快速沉降、细粒充填为主、以及新生代的右旋张扭性应力场,共同造就了凹陷中央底辟带的发育.底辟构造的存在反映了白云凹陷中心曾经蕴育着高温、超压系统,与之密切伴生的大量亮点指示着沿底辟构造的天然气垂向输导,构成了古近系油气运移到新近系—第四系的成藏动力系统.
The Baiyun depression is a sub-unit of the Pearl River Mouth basin. In the center of this depression, fuzzy zones on 2D seismic profiles and low magnetic anomalies have been analyzed. A diapiric zone has been revealed, with a WNW directional distribution, about 1000km2 planar area and about 8km most pierced thickness. The diapiric structures display various types such as a turtleback-like arch, weak piercing, gas-chimney, fault (or crack) and seabed pit, originated in two huge mud-rich strata the Wenchang Formation (Eocene) and the Enping Formation (Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene). There are deep-lake facies in the rift period of the depression; the secondary is the Zhujiang Formation (Lower Miocene) and Hanjiang Formation (Middle Miocene), which have shallow or deep-marine facies in down-warping period. In the depression, factors are favorable for diapirism such as rapid subsidence, fine-grain sediment mainly filling, and dextral tenso-shear stress-field since the Cenozoic. The structures indicate a high temperature-overpressure system ever developed. Closely associated and abundant bright-spots show natural gas has migrated vertically, and a dynamic system has existed for petroleum transported from the Paleogene to the Neogene and Quaternary.
The Baiyun depression is a sub-unit of the Pearl River Mouth basin. In the center of this depression, fuzzy zones on 2D seismic profiles and low magnetic anomalies have been analyzed. A diapiric zone has been revealed, with a WNW directional distribution, about 1000km2 planar area and about 8km most pierced thickness. The diapiric structures display various types such as a turtleback-like arch, weak piercing, gas-chimney, fault (or crack) and seabed pit, originated in two huge mud-rich strata the Wenchang Formation (Eocene) and the Enping Formation (Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene). There are deep-lake facies in the rift period of the depression; the secondary is the Zhujiang Formation (Lower Miocene) and Hanjiang Formation (Middle Miocene), which have shallow or deep-marine facies in down-warping period. In the depression, factors are favorable for diapirism such as rapid subsidence, fine-grain sediment mainly filling, and dextral tenso-shear stress-field since the Cenozoic. The structures indicate a high temperature-overpressure system ever developed. Closely associated and abundant bright-spots show natural gas has migrated vertically, and a dynamic system has existed for petroleum transported from the Paleogene to the Neogene and Quaternary.
引文
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Dong,W.L.,Huang,B.J.,2000.Overpressuredfluidfracturing,heatfluidflowingandepisodicgasmigrationinthediaperbelt,Yinggehaibasin.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,27(4):36-40(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Gong,Z.S.,2002.AbriefreviewtosomeconceptsofpetroleumexplorationinChinaoffshore.ChinaOffshoreOilandGas(Geology),16(2):73-80(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Hao,F.,Li,S.T.,Gong,Z.S.,2001.MechanismofdiapirismandepisodicfluidinjectionsintheYinggehaibasin.ScienceinChina(SeriesD),31(6):471-476(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
He,J.X.,Huang,H.Y.,Chen,L.C.,1994.TheformationandevolutionofmuddiaperanditsrelationshipwithhydrocarbonaccumulationmechanisminYinggehaibasin.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,12(3):120-129(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Jack,M.P.A.,Vendeville,B.C.,1994.Regionalextensionasageologictriggerfordiapirism.GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin,106(1):57-73.
Pang,X.,Yang,S.K.,Zhu,M.,etal.,2004.DeepwaterfansystemsandpetroleumresourcesonthenorthernslopeoftheSouthChinaSea.ActaGeologicalSinica,78(3):626-631.
Peng,D.J.,Pang,X.,Chen,C.M.,etal.,2005.Fromshallowwatershelftodeepwaterslope—TheresearchofdeepwaterfansystemsinSouthChinaSea.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,23(1):1-11(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Wang,C.Y.,Xie,X.N.,1998.Hydrofracturingandepisodicfluidflowinshalerichbasins:Anumericalstudy.AAPGBulletin,82(11):1857-1869.
Wang,X.P.,Fei,Q.,Zhang,J.H.,1990.Tectonicanalysesonpetroleumbasins.ChinaUniversityofGeosciencesPress,Wuhan,85-117(inChinese).
Xie,X.N.,LiS.T.,Hu,X.Y.,etal.,1999.ConduitsystemandformationmechanismofheatfluidsindiapiricbeltofYinggehaibasin,China.ScienceinChina(SeriesD),29(3):247-256(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Zhang,M.Q.,2000.MigrationaccumulationcharacteristicsofnaturalgasinthediapirstructurebeltofYinggehaibasin.JournaloftheUniversityofPetroleum,China(EditionofNaturalScience),24(4):39-42(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Zhang,S.L.,Huang,Y.Q.,Huang,X.W.,1999.Fluiddiapirstructureanditsgeneses.GeologicalScienceandTechnologyInformation,18(2):19-22(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等,2003.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件.北京:科学出版社,1-121.
董伟良,黄保家,2000.莺歌海盆地流体压裂与热流体活动及天然气的幕式运移.石油勘探与开发,27(4):36-40.
龚再升,2002.对中国近海油气勘探观念变化的回顾.中国海上油气,16(2):73-80.
郝芳,李思田,龚再升,等,2001.莺歌海盆地底辟发育机制与流体幕式充注.中国科学(D辑),31(6):471-476.
何家雄,黄火尧,陈龙超,1994.莺歌海盆地泥底辟发育演化与油气运聚机制.沉积学报,12(3):120-129.
彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等,2005.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡———南海深水扇系统的研究.沉积学报,23(1):1-11.
王燮培,费琪,张家骅,1990.含油气盆地构造分析.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,85-117.
解习农,李思田,胡祥云,等,1999.莺歌海盆地底辟带热流体输导系统及其成因机制.中国科学(D辑),29(3):247-256.
张敏强,2000.莺歌海盆地底辟构造带天然气运聚特征.石油大学学报(自然科学版),24(4):39-42.
张树林,黄耀琴,黄雄伟,1999.流体底辟构造及其成因探讨.地质科技情报,18(2):19-22.
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