疏松砂岩气藏地震AVO属性敏感性分析与评价
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摘要
利用完全Zoeppritz方程分析了疏松砂岩气藏反射系数对密度比、纵波速度比、横波速度比、泊松比和含气饱和度的敏感性.通过求取反射系数对各弹性参数的偏导得到反射系数对弹性参数的敏感性,通过求取反射系数对含气饱和度的完全导数得到对含气饱和度的敏感性.对于疏松砂岩气藏界面,P-P波AVO(振幅随偏移距变化)当入射角大于40°对纵波速度比、横波速度比在低含气饱和度时敏感,对泊松比的敏感性在气层饱和度较高和较低时差异明显,对含气饱和度的敏感性在低饱和度时敏感,且随入射角增加而增大;P-SV波AVO对泊松比的敏感性在含气饱和度较高和较低时差异明显.研究表明,利用反射系数对弹性参数和含气饱和度的敏感性分析可以帮助识别低饱和气藏.
The paper analyzes the sensitivity of seismic reflectivity to contrasts in density,P-wave velocity,S-wave velocity,Poisson's ratio and gas saturation in unconsolidated gas sandstone using the complete Zoeppritz equations.Sensitivites of reflection coefficients to each bulk elastic parameter are computed as the partial derivatives of the seismic reflectivity relative to each parameter.The sensitivity of reflectivity to gas saturation is calculated as the full derivative of the reflectivities with respect to gas saturation.For the shale-sand interface of unconsolidated sandstone,P-P reflectivity is more sensitive to P-wave velocity contrast and S-wave velocity contrast at low gas-saturation values when the angle of incidence is greater than 40°.The sensitivity of reflectivity to Poisson's ratio shows greater variance between low gas-saturation and high gas-saturation,and to gas-saturation is more sensitive in low gas-saturation and the sensitivity increases as the angle of incidence increases.P-SV reflectivity has great contrast between low gas-saturation and high gas-saturation to Poisson's ratio.The study in this paper shows that it may help to discriminate low gas saturation by using the sensitivity of reflectivity to these elastic parameters and gas-saturation.
The paper analyzes the sensitivity of seismic reflectivity to contrasts in density,P-wave velocity,S-wave velocity,Poisson's ratio and gas saturation in unconsolidated gas sandstone using the complete Zoeppritz equations.Sensitivites of reflection coefficients to each bulk elastic parameter are computed as the partial derivatives of the seismic reflectivity relative to each parameter.The sensitivity of reflectivity to gas saturation is calculated as the full derivative of the reflectivities with respect to gas saturation.For the shale-sand interface of unconsolidated sandstone,P-P reflectivity is more sensitive to P-wave velocity contrast and S-wave velocity contrast at low gas-saturation values when the angle of incidence is greater than 40°.The sensitivity of reflectivity to Poisson's ratio shows greater variance between low gas-saturation and high gas-saturation,and to gas-saturation is more sensitive in low gas-saturation and the sensitivity increases as the angle of incidence increases.P-SV reflectivity has great contrast between low gas-saturation and high gas-saturation to Poisson's ratio.The study in this paper shows that it may help to discriminate low gas saturation by using the sensitivity of reflectivity to these elastic parameters and gas-saturation.
引文
[1] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal incidence [J] .Geophysics,1984,49(10) : 1637-1648．
[2] 张广娟,胡天跃.地震波AVO与地层岩性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6) :578-584． Zhang G J,Hu T Y.Seismic wave AVO and formation lithology analysis[J].OGP,2002,37 (6) : 578-584．
[3] 孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-SV波AVO方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4) :602-607． Sun P Y,Sun J G,Lu X L.Progress in research on the method of P-SV wave AVO [J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(4) : 602-607．
[4] 姜秀娣,刘洋,魏修成,等.一种同时反演纵波速度和泊松比的方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :314-318． Jiang X D,Liu Y,Wei X C,et al.A P-wave velocity and poisson ratio nonlinear inversion method [J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20 (2) :314-318．
[5] 张璐,印兴耀,孙成禹.双相介质的AVO正演模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :319-322． Zhang L,Yin X Y,Sun C Y.AVO simulation in two-phase media[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20 (2) : 319-322．
[6] 李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :902-908． Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple timelapse seismic AVO inversion [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(4) :902-908．
[7] 夏红敏,王尚旭,李生杰.含气地层的AVO响应分析[J].石油物探.2006,45(4) :357-361． Xia H M,Wang S X,Li S J.AVO analysis on gas-bearing layer[J].GPP,2006,45(4) :357-361．
[8] 谢用良.川西丰谷地区三维AVO油气检测技术应用研究[J].天然气工业,2006。26(3) :46-49． Xie Y L.Application study of 3D hydrocarbon detection technology in fenggu area in western Sichuang basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(3) :46-49．
[9] 尚永生,杨长春,王真理,等.塔里木盆地卡4区块AVO研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1408-1415． Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.AVO research in Ka-4 region of Tarim basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22 (5) :1408-1415．
[10] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1251-1260． Chen J J ,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4) : 1251-1260．
[11] 彭真明.李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :881-885． Peng Z M ,Li Y L ,Wu S H ,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(3) :881-885．
[12] Rosa A L.Extraction of elastic parameters using seismic reflection amplitude with offset variation [D].Houston:University of Houston.1976．
[13] Gomez C T,Tatham R H.Sensitivity analysis of seismic reflectivity to partial gas saturation[J].Geophysics,2007,72(3) :45-57．
[14] 刘亚茹.地震反射对含气饱和度敏感性分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,10:112-113． Liu Y R.Sensitivity analysis of seismic reflectivity to gas saturation[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industy,2007,10:112-113．
[15] 李景叶,陈小宏,刘其成.高孔低胶结砂岩储层饱和度和压力变化的时移地震AVO响应[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006． 30(1) :38-41． Li J Y,Chen X H,Liu Q C.Time-lapse seismic amplitude versus offset responses with change of saturation and pressure in unconsolidated sandstone reservoir with high porosity[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2006,30(1) :38-41．
[16] Dvorkin J,Nur A.Elasticity of high-porosity sandstones:Theory for two North Sea data sets[J].Geophysics,1996,61(5) : 1363-1370．
[17] Hill R.The elastic behavior of crystalline aggregate[M].London : Proceeding Physical Society,1952: 349-354．
[18] Gassmann F.Elastic waves through a packing of spheres[J].Geophysics,1951,16 : 673-685．
[19] Wood A M.A textbook of sound[M].New York: The Macmillan Company,1955: 360-360．
[20] Cerveny V,Ravindra R.Theory of seismic head waves[M].Toronto: University of Toronto Press,1971．
[2] 张广娟,胡天跃.地震波AVO与地层岩性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6) :578-584． Zhang G J,Hu T Y.Seismic wave AVO and formation lithology analysis[J].OGP,2002,37 (6) : 578-584．
[3] 孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-SV波AVO方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4) :602-607． Sun P Y,Sun J G,Lu X L.Progress in research on the method of P-SV wave AVO [J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(4) : 602-607．
[4] 姜秀娣,刘洋,魏修成,等.一种同时反演纵波速度和泊松比的方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :314-318． Jiang X D,Liu Y,Wei X C,et al.A P-wave velocity and poisson ratio nonlinear inversion method [J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20 (2) :314-318．
[5] 张璐,印兴耀,孙成禹.双相介质的AVO正演模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :319-322． Zhang L,Yin X Y,Sun C Y.AVO simulation in two-phase media[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20 (2) : 319-322．
[6] 李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :902-908． Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple timelapse seismic AVO inversion [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(4) :902-908．
[7] 夏红敏,王尚旭,李生杰.含气地层的AVO响应分析[J].石油物探.2006,45(4) :357-361． Xia H M,Wang S X,Li S J.AVO analysis on gas-bearing layer[J].GPP,2006,45(4) :357-361．
[8] 谢用良.川西丰谷地区三维AVO油气检测技术应用研究[J].天然气工业,2006。26(3) :46-49． Xie Y L.Application study of 3D hydrocarbon detection technology in fenggu area in western Sichuang basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(3) :46-49．
[9] 尚永生,杨长春,王真理,等.塔里木盆地卡4区块AVO研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1408-1415． Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.AVO research in Ka-4 region of Tarim basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22 (5) :1408-1415．
[10] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1251-1260． Chen J J ,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4) : 1251-1260．
[11] 彭真明.李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :881-885． Peng Z M ,Li Y L ,Wu S H ,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(3) :881-885．
[12] Rosa A L.Extraction of elastic parameters using seismic reflection amplitude with offset variation [D].Houston:University of Houston.1976．
[13] Gomez C T,Tatham R H.Sensitivity analysis of seismic reflectivity to partial gas saturation[J].Geophysics,2007,72(3) :45-57．
[14] 刘亚茹.地震反射对含气饱和度敏感性分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,10:112-113． Liu Y R.Sensitivity analysis of seismic reflectivity to gas saturation[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industy,2007,10:112-113．
[15] 李景叶,陈小宏,刘其成.高孔低胶结砂岩储层饱和度和压力变化的时移地震AVO响应[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006． 30(1) :38-41． Li J Y,Chen X H,Liu Q C.Time-lapse seismic amplitude versus offset responses with change of saturation and pressure in unconsolidated sandstone reservoir with high porosity[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2006,30(1) :38-41．
[16] Dvorkin J,Nur A.Elasticity of high-porosity sandstones:Theory for two North Sea data sets[J].Geophysics,1996,61(5) : 1363-1370．
[17] Hill R.The elastic behavior of crystalline aggregate[M].London : Proceeding Physical Society,1952: 349-354．
[18] Gassmann F.Elastic waves through a packing of spheres[J].Geophysics,1951,16 : 673-685．
[19] Wood A M.A textbook of sound[M].New York: The Macmillan Company,1955: 360-360．
[20] Cerveny V,Ravindra R.Theory of seismic head waves[M].Toronto: University of Toronto Press,1971．
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