利用相关检测进行地震波速变化精确测量研究进展
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摘要
通过地震波速度变化的精确测量,来监测地下应力随时间的变化,是进行地震物理预报的有效途径.介绍国内外关于地震波速变化精确测量所取得的各项结果和在地学中的应用,讨论了相关检测法的原理和应用.利用人工震源激发地震波,布设测线接收地震信号,将地震学和信息科学相结合,利用相关检测法,能有效排除干扰和不确定因素,进行地震波速度变化的精确测量,解决地震学一直以来面临的难题.本研究小组利用电落锤人工震源激发地震信号,以布设在同一条射线路径方向上的仪器接收,进行了30天连续观测直达波速度变化的实验研究,速度变化达到1.00E-05的精度.
To monitor interior stress's variation which is variety by time is an effective approach of seismic physical forecast.This paper reviewed the results concerning the precise measurement of seismic velocity variation and application, discussed the principle and application of the correlated detection.Making use of active seismic source,recording seismic signal by survey disposal,and combining the seismology with communication science,using correlated detection can get rid of disturb and uncertainty factor.The approach can resolve the problem about precise measurement of seismic velocity,and offer method for seismic physical forecast.Our group carried out a field experiment to attain seismic signal by active source,and we received seismic wave by instruments on the same ray.This field experiment lasted on 30 days to detect the velocity variation of p wave,the precision of the velocity variation achieved to 1.00E-05.
To monitor interior stress's variation which is variety by time is an effective approach of seismic physical forecast.This paper reviewed the results concerning the precise measurement of seismic velocity variation and application, discussed the principle and application of the correlated detection.Making use of active seismic source,recording seismic signal by survey disposal,and combining the seismology with communication science,using correlated detection can get rid of disturb and uncertainty factor.The approach can resolve the problem about precise measurement of seismic velocity,and offer method for seismic physical forecast.Our group carried out a field experiment to attain seismic signal by active source,and we received seismic wave by instruments on the same ray.This field experiment lasted on 30 days to detect the velocity variation of p wave,the precision of the velocity variation achieved to 1.00E-05.
引文
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[14]Yamamura K,Sano O,Utada H.Long-term observation ofin situ seismic velocity and attenuation[J].B6,ESE5-1,2317,doi:10.1029/2002JB002005.
[15]Lu G X,Wei C S,Guo T.Effects of tectonic force on hydro-static pressure in crust.Journal of China University of Geo-sciences[J].2004,15(2):155~161.
[16]Lu G X,Ma R,Liu R X,Wang F Z,Guo C S.Experimentalstudy of confining pressure initiated by tectonic force[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences.2004,15(2):162~166.
[17]赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉,刘洁,李顺成,郭飙,黄志斌.首都圈地区横波分裂与地壳应力场特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):189~196.Lai Y Y,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,Liu J,Li S C,Guo B,HuangZ B.Shear wave splitting and the features of the crustalstress field in the Capital Circle[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2006,49(1):189~196.
[18]郑勇,傅容珊,熊熊.中国大陆及周边地区现代岩石圈演化动力学模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):415~427.Zheng Y,Fu R S,Xiong X.Dynamic simulation of lithos-pheric evolution from the modern China mainland and its sur-rounding areas[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):415~427.
[19]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489.Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model ofthe Chinese continental scientific drilling site[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477~489.
[20]齐诚,赵大鹏,陈颙,陈棋福,王宝善.首都圈地区地壳P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):805~815.Qi C,Zhao D P,Chen Y,Chen Q F,Wang B S.3-D P and Swave velocity structures and their relationship to strongearthquakes in the Chinese capital region[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):805~815.
[21]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,高静怀,伍向阳.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908~914.Wang D X,Xin K F,Li Y M,Gao J H,Wu X Y.An experi-mental study of influence of water saturation on velocity andattenuation in sandstone under stratum conditions[J].Chi-nese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):908~914.
[22]胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧,刘劲松,李志伟.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1053~1061.Xu Y,Liu J H,Hao T Y,Liu J S,Li Z W.P wave velocitystructure and tectonics analysis of lithospheric mantle in east-ern China seas and adjacent regions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1053~1061.
[23]张学民,刁桂苓,赵英萍,王卫民,束沛镒.华北地区深部地幔剪切波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1709~1719.Zhang X M,Diao G L,Zhao Y P,Wang W M,Shu P Y.Study on mantle shear wave velocity structures in North Chi-na[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1709~1719.
[24]嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运,陈棋福,张先康,陈颙.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1316~1324.Jia S X,Qi C,Wang F Y,Chen Q F,Zhang X K,Chen Y.Three-dimensional crustal gridded structure of the Capital ar-ea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1316~1324.
[25]高晋占.微弱信号检测[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[26]陈永强.水下目标谱相关检测和运动参数估计的研究[A].中国科学院声学研究所,2003.
[27]管军.基于相关检测原理的电磁流量计的研究[D].浙江大学,硕士论文.
[28]Takeshi N,Satoru T,Teruo Y.Temporal changes in seismicvelocity of the crust around Iwate volcano,Japan,as inferredfrom analyses of repeated active seismic experiment data from1998 to 2003[J].Earth Planets Space,2005,57:491~505.
[29]Clifford G.Coherence and time delay estimation[J].PRO-CEEDINGS OF THE IEEE,1987,75(2):236~255.
[30]Azizul H Q.An Overview on the time delay estimate in activeand passive systems for target localization[J].IEEETRANSATIONS ON ACOUSTICS,SPEECH,AND SIG-NAL PROCESSING,1981,ASSP-29(3):527~533.
[31]葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善,宋丽莉,罗桂纯,陈颙.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):864~870.
[32]王彬,朱平,罗桂纯,王宝善.由地表观测精确测定地震波速的连续变化[J].科学通报(待刊).
[2]唐晓明.岩石中波速的精确测量[M].北京:中国地震局,1984.
[3]古本宗充,平松良浩,佐藤隆司.地震波速变化和地壳内部应力的测定[J].世界地震译丛,2005,2005(2):28~35.
[4]Hazzard J F,Young R P.导致脆性岩石破裂和地震波速变化的数值研究[J].世界地震译丛,2004,2004(6):12~16.
[5]罗桂纯,王宝善,葛洪魁,陈颙.气枪震源在地球深部结构探测中的应用研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):400~407.
[6]Nersesov I L,Semonova A N,Simbireva I G.Space-time dis-tribution of the travel-time ratios of transverse and longitudinalwave in the Garm area[J].In:The physical basis of fore-shocks,Nauka,Moscow,1969.
[7]Aggarwal Y P,Sykes L R,Armbruster J,Sbar M L.Premon-itory changes in seismic velocities and prediction of earthquakes[J].Nature,1973,241(1):12.
[8]Nur A.Dilatancy,pore fluids,and premonitory variation ofts/tp travel times[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of A-merica,1972,62(5):1217~1222.
[9]Thomas L,Fazio D,Aki K,Alba J.Solid earth tide and ob-served change in the in-situ seismic velocity[J].Journal of Ge-ophysical Research,1973,78(8):1319~1322.
[10]Reasenberg P,Aki K.A precise,continuous measurement ofseismic velocity for monitoring in situ stress[J].JGR,1974,79:399~406.
[11]Bungum H,Risbo T,Hjorenberg E.Precise continuous mo-nitoring of seismic velocity variations and their possibilityconnection to solid tides[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search,1977,82(33):5365~5373.
[12]Yukutake H,Nakajima T,Doi K.In situ measurements of e-lastic wave velocity in a mine,and the effects of water andstress on their variation[J].Tectonophysics,1988,149:165~175.
[13]Furumoto M,Yuko Ichimori,Nobunhiko Hayashi.Seismicwave velocity changes and stress build-up in the crust of theKanto-Tokai region[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2001,28(19):3737~3740.
[14]Yamamura K,Sano O,Utada H.Long-term observation ofin situ seismic velocity and attenuation[J].B6,ESE5-1,2317,doi:10.1029/2002JB002005.
[15]Lu G X,Wei C S,Guo T.Effects of tectonic force on hydro-static pressure in crust.Journal of China University of Geo-sciences[J].2004,15(2):155~161.
[16]Lu G X,Ma R,Liu R X,Wang F Z,Guo C S.Experimentalstudy of confining pressure initiated by tectonic force[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences.2004,15(2):162~166.
[17]赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉,刘洁,李顺成,郭飙,黄志斌.首都圈地区横波分裂与地壳应力场特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):189~196.Lai Y Y,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,Liu J,Li S C,Guo B,HuangZ B.Shear wave splitting and the features of the crustalstress field in the Capital Circle[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2006,49(1):189~196.
[18]郑勇,傅容珊,熊熊.中国大陆及周边地区现代岩石圈演化动力学模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):415~427.Zheng Y,Fu R S,Xiong X.Dynamic simulation of lithos-pheric evolution from the modern China mainland and its sur-rounding areas[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):415~427.
[19]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489.Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model ofthe Chinese continental scientific drilling site[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477~489.
[20]齐诚,赵大鹏,陈颙,陈棋福,王宝善.首都圈地区地壳P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):805~815.Qi C,Zhao D P,Chen Y,Chen Q F,Wang B S.3-D P and Swave velocity structures and their relationship to strongearthquakes in the Chinese capital region[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):805~815.
[21]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,高静怀,伍向阳.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908~914.Wang D X,Xin K F,Li Y M,Gao J H,Wu X Y.An experi-mental study of influence of water saturation on velocity andattenuation in sandstone under stratum conditions[J].Chi-nese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):908~914.
[22]胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧,刘劲松,李志伟.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1053~1061.Xu Y,Liu J H,Hao T Y,Liu J S,Li Z W.P wave velocitystructure and tectonics analysis of lithospheric mantle in east-ern China seas and adjacent regions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1053~1061.
[23]张学民,刁桂苓,赵英萍,王卫民,束沛镒.华北地区深部地幔剪切波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1709~1719.Zhang X M,Diao G L,Zhao Y P,Wang W M,Shu P Y.Study on mantle shear wave velocity structures in North Chi-na[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1709~1719.
[24]嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运,陈棋福,张先康,陈颙.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1316~1324.Jia S X,Qi C,Wang F Y,Chen Q F,Zhang X K,Chen Y.Three-dimensional crustal gridded structure of the Capital ar-ea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1316~1324.
[25]高晋占.微弱信号检测[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[26]陈永强.水下目标谱相关检测和运动参数估计的研究[A].中国科学院声学研究所,2003.
[27]管军.基于相关检测原理的电磁流量计的研究[D].浙江大学,硕士论文.
[28]Takeshi N,Satoru T,Teruo Y.Temporal changes in seismicvelocity of the crust around Iwate volcano,Japan,as inferredfrom analyses of repeated active seismic experiment data from1998 to 2003[J].Earth Planets Space,2005,57:491~505.
[29]Clifford G.Coherence and time delay estimation[J].PRO-CEEDINGS OF THE IEEE,1987,75(2):236~255.
[30]Azizul H Q.An Overview on the time delay estimate in activeand passive systems for target localization[J].IEEETRANSATIONS ON ACOUSTICS,SPEECH,AND SIG-NAL PROCESSING,1981,ASSP-29(3):527~533.
[31]葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善,宋丽莉,罗桂纯,陈颙.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):864~870.
[32]王彬,朱平,罗桂纯,王宝善.由地表观测精确测定地震波速的连续变化[J].科学通报(待刊).
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