地震电磁前兆研究进展
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摘要
强震前存在地震电磁异常现象已被大量强震震例所证实,在我国地震电磁前兆已成为地震短临预测的有效手段。地震电磁短临前兆主要包括:地磁场、地电场、电磁辐射、电离层、高能粒子等与地震孕育发生有关的各种异常现象。地震短临电磁前兆及其机理极为复杂,有来自震源信息的局部性前兆,有来自震源所在的区域应力场构造前兆以及与孕震立体环境有关的大尺度动态前兆。孕震过程中产生的电磁效应及其相关现象,通过化学途径、声学途径、电磁途径向空中传播,研究岩石圈—大气层—电离层耦合现象,有利于进一步加深对地震电磁前兆及其机理的认识。发射地震电磁卫星形成天地一体化的监测体系,将促进地震电磁科学研究和地震预测领域的发展。
The seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena occur before the strong earthquakes have been proved by a lot of earthquake cases. The seismo-electromagnetic precursors have been considered as an effective means of the short-term and imminent earthquake prediction. The short-term and imminent seismo-electromagnetic precursors mainly contain the different abnormal phenomena: geomagnetic field, geoelectic field, electromagnetic radiation, ionosphere, energetic particle, etc, which are related with the earthquake preparation and occurrence. The short-term and imminent seismo-electromagnet precursors and the mechanism are very complicated. Some locality precursor derives from hypocentral information. Some tectonic precursor derives form the stress field including hypocentral region and the large-scale dynamic precursor is related with the seismogenic process stereo environment. The electromagnetic effects and correlative phenomena generating in seismogenic process, spread to sky by the chemistry way, acoustics way, electromagnetism way. Studying the coupling of lithosphere, aerosphere and ionosphere, advantages to further understand the seismo-electromagnetic precursor and the mechanism. Launching the seismo-electromagnetic satellite will develop the space-ground monitor system, and will advance the development in seismo-electromagnetism research and the earthquake prediction field.
The seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena occur before the strong earthquakes have been proved by a lot of earthquake cases. The seismo-electromagnetic precursors have been considered as an effective means of the short-term and imminent earthquake prediction. The short-term and imminent seismo-electromagnetic precursors mainly contain the different abnormal phenomena: geomagnetic field, geoelectic field, electromagnetic radiation, ionosphere, energetic particle, etc, which are related with the earthquake preparation and occurrence. The short-term and imminent seismo-electromagnet precursors and the mechanism are very complicated. Some locality precursor derives from hypocentral information. Some tectonic precursor derives form the stress field including hypocentral region and the large-scale dynamic precursor is related with the seismogenic process stereo environment. The electromagnetic effects and correlative phenomena generating in seismogenic process, spread to sky by the chemistry way, acoustics way, electromagnetism way. Studying the coupling of lithosphere, aerosphere and ionosphere, advantages to further understand the seismo-electromagnetic precursor and the mechanism. Launching the seismo-electromagnetic satellite will develop the space-ground monitor system, and will advance the development in seismo-electromagnetism research and the earthquake prediction field.
引文
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[11]D K Sharma,J Rai,R Chand,et al..Effect of seis-mic activities on ion temperature in the F2region of the ionosphere[J].At mosfera,2006,19(1):1~7.
[12]S A Pulinets,T B Gaivoronska,and A Leyva Contr-eras,et al..Correlation analysis technique revealing ionospheric precursors of earthquakes[C].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2004,4:697~702.
[13]S A Pulinets.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes&Recent Advances in theory and practical ap-plications[J].TAO,2004,15(3):413~435.
[14]丁鉴海,黄雪香,邢如英等.地磁“低点位移”现象及其与地震的关系[J].地震学报,1988,10(4):406~414.
[15]徐文耀.磁层电场引起的Sq“低点位移”[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1985,6(1):8~12.
[16]YJ Chuo,J Y Liu,and S APulinetset al..Theion-ospheric perturbations prior to the Chi-Chi and Chia-Yi earthquakes[J].J.of Geomagntics2002,2002,30(4):509~517.
[17]S A Pulinets,A Leyva Contreras,and G Bisiacchi-Giraldi,et al..Total electron contnt variations inthe ionosphere before the Coli ma,Mexico,earthquake of21January2003,Geophysical International,2005,44(4):369~377.
[18]Kalpana Malhotra,et al..Satellite Monitoring of I-onospheric Disturbances Associated With Earthquakes Over Asian Region,URSI(INTERNATIONAL U-NION OF RADIO SCIENCE),GA(General Assem-bly),2005.http:∥rp.iszf.irk.ru/hawk/URSI2005/pdf/EP.21(0703).pdf.
[19]Kalpana Malhotra,et al..Detection of seismic asso-ciated ULF/ELF/VLF/HF emissions over Andaman&nicobar islands region(India)by DEMETER satellite,URSI(INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE),GA(General Assembly),2005.http:∥rp.iszf.irk.ru/hawk/URSI2005/pdf/EP.26(0737),pdf
[20]Tom Bleier,Friedemann Freund,Earthquake predic-tor-i mpending earthquakes have been sending us warning sigasls and people are starting to listen,De-cember2005|IEEE Spectrum|INT3.http:∥www.spectrum.IEEE.org/dec05/2367(ieee)
[2]Hao jinqi,Qian shuqing,Gao jintian,et al..Ulf elec-tric and magnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rock sample[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,16(1):113~123.
[3]Dingjianhai,Liujie,Yu surong,et al..Geomagnetic di-urnal-variation anomalies znd their relation to strong earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,17(supp):85~93.
[4]中国地震局监测预报司.中国大陆地震短期异常特征和综合预测方法研究[M].北京,地震出版社,2005,59~137.
[5]Hayakawa M(ed.).At mospheric and Ionospheric Elec-tromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes[M].Terra Scientific Publication Conpany,Tokyo,1999,996.
[6]熊皓.无线电波传播[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000,65~102.
[7]潘威炎,彭怀云,张红旗.非均匀光滑球面地波衰减因子的抛物方程算法[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(1):37~42.W Y Pan,H Y Peng,H Q Zhang.Parabolic equation algorithm of wave attenuation along inhomogeneous smooth ground[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2006,21(1):37~42.
[8]丁鉴海,索玉成,余素荣.地磁场与电离层异常现象及其与地震的关系[J].空间科学学报,2005,25(6),536~542.
[9]丁鉴海,余素荣,肖武军.地震前兆与短临预报探索[J].地震,2003,25(3):43~50.
[10]索玉成.f0F2的季节变化特征[J].电波科学学报,1995,10(4):83~93.Y C Sou.Seasonal variation of f0F2[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Radio Science,1995,10(4):83~89.
[11]D K Sharma,J Rai,R Chand,et al..Effect of seis-mic activities on ion temperature in the F2region of the ionosphere[J].At mosfera,2006,19(1):1~7.
[12]S A Pulinets,T B Gaivoronska,and A Leyva Contr-eras,et al..Correlation analysis technique revealing ionospheric precursors of earthquakes[C].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2004,4:697~702.
[13]S A Pulinets.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes&Recent Advances in theory and practical ap-plications[J].TAO,2004,15(3):413~435.
[14]丁鉴海,黄雪香,邢如英等.地磁“低点位移”现象及其与地震的关系[J].地震学报,1988,10(4):406~414.
[15]徐文耀.磁层电场引起的Sq“低点位移”[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1985,6(1):8~12.
[16]YJ Chuo,J Y Liu,and S APulinetset al..Theion-ospheric perturbations prior to the Chi-Chi and Chia-Yi earthquakes[J].J.of Geomagntics2002,2002,30(4):509~517.
[17]S A Pulinets,A Leyva Contreras,and G Bisiacchi-Giraldi,et al..Total electron contnt variations inthe ionosphere before the Coli ma,Mexico,earthquake of21January2003,Geophysical International,2005,44(4):369~377.
[18]Kalpana Malhotra,et al..Satellite Monitoring of I-onospheric Disturbances Associated With Earthquakes Over Asian Region,URSI(INTERNATIONAL U-NION OF RADIO SCIENCE),GA(General Assem-bly),2005.http:∥rp.iszf.irk.ru/hawk/URSI2005/pdf/EP.21(0703).pdf.
[19]Kalpana Malhotra,et al..Detection of seismic asso-ciated ULF/ELF/VLF/HF emissions over Andaman&nicobar islands region(India)by DEMETER satellite,URSI(INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE),GA(General Assembly),2005.http:∥rp.iszf.irk.ru/hawk/URSI2005/pdf/EP.26(0737),pdf
[20]Tom Bleier,Friedemann Freund,Earthquake predic-tor-i mpending earthquakes have been sending us warning sigasls and people are starting to listen,De-cember2005|IEEE Spectrum|INT3.http:∥www.spectrum.IEEE.org/dec05/2367(ieee)
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