采用地震背景噪音成像技术反演天山及周边区域地壳剪切波速度结构
摘要
采用地震背景噪声成像技术获得了天山及周边区域的地壳剪切波速度结构,数据取自中亚地区50个宽频带数字地震台站的连续噪音记录,通过互相关计算共获取了约748个高信噪比瑞雷面波经验格林函数:利用可视化方法测量了周期为6~50s的瑞雷面波相速度频散,据此反演了相速度分布模型和剪切波速度结构.结果表明,短周期(6~20s)相速度分布与地质构造存在一定的相关性,高速区域对应于山脉,低速区域对应于沉积盆地,天山造山带下部存在双向俯冲高速异常,其中天山南部的高速异常从塔里木中上地壳向北俯冲,天山北部的高速异常则从中地壳向南俯冲;另外天山造山带中下地壳存在低速通道,该通道为地幔热流的上涌或侵入提供了途径.研究表明,塔里木盆地地壳的向北俯冲和哈萨克地台地壳的向南俯冲作用,以及天山下方的地幔热流上涌共同为天山造山带的活化提供了主要动力.
引文
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29O’connell R J,Budiansky B.Seismic velocities in dry and saturated cracked solids.J Geophys Res,1974,79:5412—5426
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32Sobel E R,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision.J Geophys Res,1997,102:5043—5063
33Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H,et al.Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates.Nature,1996,384:450—453
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35Li Y,Wu Q,Jiang L,et al.Complex seismic anisotropic structure beneath the central Tien Shan revealed by shear wave splitting analyses.Geophys J Int,2010,doi:10.1111/j.1365-1246x.2010.04589.x
36England P,Houseman G.Role of lithospheric strength heterogeneities in the tectonics of Tibet and neighbouring regions.Nature,1985,315:297—301
37Nelson M R,Mccaffrey R,Molnar P.Source parameters for11earthquakes in the Tien Shan,central Asia,determined by P and SH waveform inversion.J Geophys Res,1987,92:12629—12648
38Vinnik L P,Reigber C,Aleshin I M,et al.Receiver function tomography of the central Tien Shan.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,225:131—146
39Roecker S W,Sabitova T M,Vinnik L P,et al.Three-dimensional elastic wave velocity structure of the western and central Tien Shan.J Geophys Res,1993,98:15779—15795
40Xu Y,Li W Z,Roecker S W.Uppermost mantle structure and its relation with seismic activity in the central Tien Shan.Geophys Res Lett,2007,34:L10304,doi:10.1029/2007GL029708
41Tian X B,Zhao D,Zhang H S,et al.Mantle transition zone topography and structure beneath the central Tien Shan orogenic belt.J Geo-phys Res,2010,doi:10.1029/2008JB006229
42Wessel P,Smith W H F.Free software helps map and display data.EOS Trans AGU,1991,72:441
2Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic Ectonics of Asia:Effects of a Continental Collision:Features of recent continental tectonics in Asia can be interpreted as results of the India-Eurasia collision.Science,1975,189:419—426
3Molnar P,Ghose S.Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the rate of shortening across the Tien Shan.Geophys Res Lett,2000,27:2377—2380
4Xu Y,Roecker S W,Wei R P,et al.Analysis of seismic activity in the crust from earthquake relocation in the central Tien Shan.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2006,96:737—744
5Lei J S,Zhao D P.Teleseismic P-wave tomography and the upper mantle structure of the central Tien Shan orogenic belt.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2007,162:165—185
6Maceira M,Taylor S R,Ammon C J,et al.High-resolution Rayleigh wave slowness tomography of central Asia.J Geophys Res,2005,110:B06304,doi:10.1029/2004JB003429
7Guo Z,Gao X,Yao H J,et al.Midcrustal low-velocity layer beneath the central Himalaya and southern Tibet revealed by ambient noise array tomography.Geochem Geophys Geosyst,2009,10:Q05007,doi:10.1029/2009GC002458
8Yao H J,Van Der Hilst R D,De Hoop M V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis-Ⅰ.Phase velocity maps.Geophys J Int,2006,166:732—744
9Roecker S W.Constraints on the crust and upper mantle of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan from the preliminary analysis of GHENGIS broad-band seismic data.In:Proceedings of the International Workshop on Geodynamics of the Tien Shan,Bishkik,Kyrgyzstan.Irkutsk:Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch,2000
10Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dis-persion measurements.Geophys J Int,2007,169:1239—1260
11Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise.Science,2005,307:1615—1618
12Roux P,Sabra K G,Kuperman W A,et al.Ambient noise cross correlation in free space:Theoretical approach.J Acoust Soc Am,2005,117:79—84
13Weaver R L,Lobkis O I.Diffuse fields in open systems and the emergence of the Green’s function.J Acoust Soc Am,2004,116:2731—2734
14Yao H J,Xu G M,Zhu L B,et al.Mantle structure from inter-station Rayleigh wave dispersion and its tectonic implication in western China and neighboring regions.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2005,148:39—54
15Yanovskaya T B.Resolution estimation in the problems of seismic ray tomography.Fizika Zemli,1997,9:76—80
16Yanovskaya T B,Ditmar P G.Smoothness criteria in surface-wave tomography.Geophys J Int,1990,102:63—72
17Backus G,Gilbert F.Resolving power of gross earth data.Geophys J R Astron Soc,1968,16:169—205
18Herrmann R B,Ammon C J.Surface waves,receiver functions,and crustal structure.Computer Programs in Seismology,Version3.30,2004
19Leveque J J,Rivera L,Wittlinger G.On the use of the checkerboard test to assess the resolution of tomographic inversions.Geophys J Int,1993,115:313—318
20Ghose S,Hamburger M W,Virieux J.Three-dimensional velocity structure and earthquake locations beneath the northern Tien Shan ofKyrgyzstan,central Asia.J Geophys Res,1998,103:2725—2748
21Burov E V,Kogan M G,Lyoncaen H,et al.Gravity anomalies,the deep structure,and dynamic processes beneath the Tien Shan.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1990,96:367—383
22Li Z W,Roecker S,Li Z H,et al.Tomographic image of the crust and upper mantle beneath the western Tien Shan from the MANAS broadband deployment:Possible evidence for lithospheric delamination.Tectonophysics,2009,477:49—57
23Poupinet G,Avouac J P,Jiang M,et al.Intracontinental subduction and Palaeozoic inheritance of the lithosphere suggested by a teleseis-mic experiment across the Chinese Tien Shan.Terra Nova,2002,14:18—24
24Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y J,et al.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions.J Geophys Res,2003,108:2073,doi:10.1029/2001JB001696
25Omuralieva A,Nakajima J,Hasegawa A.Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of the crust beneath the central Tien Shan,Kyr-gyzstan:Implications for large-and small-scale mountain building.Tectonophysics,2009,465:30—44
26胥颐,刘福田,刘建华,等.中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地震层析成像.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2000,30:113—123
27Vinnik L P,Roecker S,Kosarev G L,et al.Crustal structure and dynamics of the Tien Shan.Geophys Res Lett,2002,29:2047,doi:10.1029/2002GL015531
28卢德源,李秋生,高锐,等.横跨天山的人工爆炸地震剖面.科学通报,2000,49:982—987
29O’connell R J,Budiansky B.Seismic velocities in dry and saturated cracked solids.J Geophys Res,1974,79:5412—5426
30Allen M B,Vincent S J,Wheeler P J.Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Kepingtage thrust zone:Interactions of the Tien Shan and Tarim Ba-sin,northwest China.Tectonics,1999,18:639—654
31Burbank D W,Mclean J K,Bullen M,et al.Partitioning of intermontane basins by thrust-related folding,Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan.Basin Res,1999,11:75—92
32Sobel E R,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision.J Geophys Res,1997,102:5043—5063
33Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H,et al.Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates.Nature,1996,384:450—453
34Thompson S C,Weldon R J,Rubin C M,et al.Late Quaternary slip rates across the central Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan,central Asia.J Geophys Res,2002,107:2203,doi:10.1029/2001JB000596
35Li Y,Wu Q,Jiang L,et al.Complex seismic anisotropic structure beneath the central Tien Shan revealed by shear wave splitting analyses.Geophys J Int,2010,doi:10.1111/j.1365-1246x.2010.04589.x
36England P,Houseman G.Role of lithospheric strength heterogeneities in the tectonics of Tibet and neighbouring regions.Nature,1985,315:297—301
37Nelson M R,Mccaffrey R,Molnar P.Source parameters for11earthquakes in the Tien Shan,central Asia,determined by P and SH waveform inversion.J Geophys Res,1987,92:12629—12648
38Vinnik L P,Reigber C,Aleshin I M,et al.Receiver function tomography of the central Tien Shan.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,225:131—146
39Roecker S W,Sabitova T M,Vinnik L P,et al.Three-dimensional elastic wave velocity structure of the western and central Tien Shan.J Geophys Res,1993,98:15779—15795
40Xu Y,Li W Z,Roecker S W.Uppermost mantle structure and its relation with seismic activity in the central Tien Shan.Geophys Res Lett,2007,34:L10304,doi:10.1029/2007GL029708
41Tian X B,Zhao D,Zhang H S,et al.Mantle transition zone topography and structure beneath the central Tien Shan orogenic belt.J Geo-phys Res,2010,doi:10.1029/2008JB006229
42Wessel P,Smith W H F.Free software helps map and display data.EOS Trans AGU,1991,72:441
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