汶川地震重灾区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价
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摘要
以通用土壤流失方程为基础,选择降雨侵蚀力、土壤可蚀性、地形起伏度、植被覆盖自然因子作为土壤侵蚀敏感性的评价指标,根据汶川地震重灾区自然环境特征,制定评价指标的分级标准,在GIS技术支持下生成单因子敏感性评价图,在此基础上基于ArcGIS的空间叠加分析功能,完成单因子的叠加运算,从而实现土壤侵蚀敏感性综合评价。结果表明:研究区土壤侵蚀敏感性以高度敏感和中度敏感为主,轻度敏感次之,不敏感和极敏感所占比例较小。空间上土壤侵蚀敏感性呈块状不连续分布,但侵蚀敏感性区域又相对集中,分布特征与地貌类型关系较大。针对不同的土壤侵蚀敏感等级,提出了相应的水土保持对策。
Selecting natural factors of eroding force of precipitation,soil erodibility,topography and vegetation coverage as the indexes for sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion,the paper prepares grading standards of evaluation indexes by using the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE),based on the characteristics of natural environment of the harder-hit area of Wenchuan earthquake.It produces single-factor map of sensitivity evaluation with the support of GIS,and completes overlapping calculation with single-factor based on the map and the function of spatial overlapping analysis of ArcGIS,and achieves integrated sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion.The outcomes show that highly and medium sensitivities are the main types of soil sensitivity,and the second is slight sensitivity,and the area proportion of insensitivity or non-sensitivity are smaller.The spatial distribution of soil erosion sensitivity assumes block-discontinuous,but the region of erosion sensitivity is relatively centralized and the distribution characteristics closely related to geomorphologic types.It puts forward relevant countermeasures for soil and water conservation based on different ratings of soil erosion sensitivity.
Selecting natural factors of eroding force of precipitation,soil erodibility,topography and vegetation coverage as the indexes for sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion,the paper prepares grading standards of evaluation indexes by using the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE),based on the characteristics of natural environment of the harder-hit area of Wenchuan earthquake.It produces single-factor map of sensitivity evaluation with the support of GIS,and completes overlapping calculation with single-factor based on the map and the function of spatial overlapping analysis of ArcGIS,and achieves integrated sensitivity evaluation of soil erosion.The outcomes show that highly and medium sensitivities are the main types of soil sensitivity,and the second is slight sensitivity,and the area proportion of insensitivity or non-sensitivity are smaller.The spatial distribution of soil erosion sensitivity assumes block-discontinuous,but the region of erosion sensitivity is relatively centralized and the distribution characteristics closely related to geomorphologic types.It puts forward relevant countermeasures for soil and water conservation based on different ratings of soil erosion sensitivity.
引文
[1]王效科,欧阳志云,肖寒,等.中国水土流失敏感性分布规律及其区划研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(1):14-19.
[2]陈燕红,潘文斌,蔡芫镔.基于RUSLE的流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价——以福建省吉溪流域为例[J].山地学报,2007,25(4):490-496.
[3]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Predicting rainfall erosion los-ses:A guide to conservation planning[M].Washington:US-DA Handbook,1978.
[4]杨勤科,李锐.中国水土流失和水土保持定量研究进展[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(5):13-18.
[5]周伏建,陈明华,林福兴,等.福建省土壤流失预报研究[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):25-30,36.
[6]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀琴,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究[J].水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1-9,18.
[7]肖寒,欧阳志云,王效科,等.GIS支持下的海南岛土壤侵蚀空间分布特征[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(4):75-80.
[8]章文波,付金生.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,2003,25(1):35-41.
[9]Williams J R,Jones C A,Dyke P T.The EPIC model documen-tation[M].Washington D C:U S Department of Agriculture,1990.
[10]梁音,史学正.长江以南东部丘陵山区土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):47-52.
[11]刘新华,张晓萍,杨勤科,等.不同尺度下影响水土流失地形因子指标的分析与选取[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,32(6):107-111.
[12]刘宝元,谢云,张科利.土壤侵蚀预报模型[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001:11.
[13]广西壮族自治区土地管理局.广西土地资源[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,1999.
[14]李月臣,刘春霞,赵纯勇,等.三峡库区(重庆段)土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及其空间分异特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):788-796.
[2]陈燕红,潘文斌,蔡芫镔.基于RUSLE的流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价——以福建省吉溪流域为例[J].山地学报,2007,25(4):490-496.
[3]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Predicting rainfall erosion los-ses:A guide to conservation planning[M].Washington:US-DA Handbook,1978.
[4]杨勤科,李锐.中国水土流失和水土保持定量研究进展[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(5):13-18.
[5]周伏建,陈明华,林福兴,等.福建省土壤流失预报研究[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):25-30,36.
[6]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀琴,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究[J].水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1-9,18.
[7]肖寒,欧阳志云,王效科,等.GIS支持下的海南岛土壤侵蚀空间分布特征[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(4):75-80.
[8]章文波,付金生.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,2003,25(1):35-41.
[9]Williams J R,Jones C A,Dyke P T.The EPIC model documen-tation[M].Washington D C:U S Department of Agriculture,1990.
[10]梁音,史学正.长江以南东部丘陵山区土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):47-52.
[11]刘新华,张晓萍,杨勤科,等.不同尺度下影响水土流失地形因子指标的分析与选取[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,32(6):107-111.
[12]刘宝元,谢云,张科利.土壤侵蚀预报模型[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001:11.
[13]广西壮族自治区土地管理局.广西土地资源[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,1999.
[14]李月臣,刘春霞,赵纯勇,等.三峡库区(重庆段)土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及其空间分异特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):788-796.
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