冰岛Laugaland地热田示踪试验与回灌温度模拟
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摘要
开采井温度下降是热储回灌实施过程中的潜在问题之一.在冰岛Laugaland地热田研究过程中,为评价和预测回灌后热储温度的变化,采用示踪试验方法定量研究采、灌井之间的水力联系.示踪数据的解译分析表明,采、灌井之间的水力联系密切.基于示踪试验,对不同的采、灌量条件所引起的开采井温度变化进行了定量模拟.模拟结果与实测温度之间存在一定的偏差,主要原因可能是示踪试验阶段和实施回灌时热储中水动力条件存在差异所致.此外,该区的两次地震也可能在一定程度上改变了热储中水流运动模式.
The temperature decline of production wells is a potential problem induced by reinjection.At Laugaland,in order to assess and predict the temperature changes resulting from reinjection,a tracer test was carried out as an effective tool for quantitatively studying the hydraulic connection between production and injection wells.The analysis of the tracer test data indicates that the connection between the injection well GN-1 and production well LWN-4 is fairly direct.Based on the tracer test,the reinjection-induced temperature decline of the production well LWN-4 was predicted under different hypotheses and production-reinjection scenarios.The calculated temperature decline is,however,a few degrees greater than the actual cooling observed.The discrepancy is mainly attributed to a drastic change in flow conditions because of reduced production since reinjection started.In addition,the major earthquakes in 2000 may also have influenced the flow-pattern in the reservoir at Laugaland.
The temperature decline of production wells is a potential problem induced by reinjection.At Laugaland,in order to assess and predict the temperature changes resulting from reinjection,a tracer test was carried out as an effective tool for quantitatively studying the hydraulic connection between production and injection wells.The analysis of the tracer test data indicates that the connection between the injection well GN-1 and production well LWN-4 is fairly direct.Based on the tracer test,the reinjection-induced temperature decline of the production well LWN-4 was predicted under different hypotheses and production-reinjection scenarios.The calculated temperature decline is,however,a few degrees greater than the actual cooling observed.The discrepancy is mainly attributed to a drastic change in flow conditions because of reduced production since reinjection started.In addition,the major earthquakes in 2000 may also have influenced the flow-pattern in the reservoir at Laugaland.
引文
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[2]Stefansson V.Geothermal reinjection experience.Geothermics,1997,26:99~130
[3]Steingrimsson B,Aunzo Z,Bodvarsson GS,et al.Changes in thermodynamic conditions of the Ahuachapan reservoir due to production and injection.Geothermics,1991,20(1/2):23~38
[4]Axelsson G.Essence of geothermal resource management.In:Fridleifsson IB,Gunnarsson MV(eds.),Lectures on the sustainable use andoperating policy for geothermal resources.IGC 2003 short course,UNU G.T.P.,Pub.1,2003,129~151
[5]Axelsson G,Stefansson V.Reinjection and geothermal reservoir management-associated benefits.Proceedings of the International Workshop onDirect Use of Geothermal Energy,Ljubjana,Slovenia,1999,21
[6]Axelsson G,Gunnlaugsson E.Long term monitoring of high-and low-enthalpy fields under exploitation.WGC 2000 short courses,Kokonoe,Kyushudistrict,Japan,2000,57~65
[7]Axelsson G,2003b:Simple modelling of geothermal system,UNU G.T.P.,Iceland,unpublished lecture notes
[8]Bjornsson G,Axelsson G,Tomasson J,et al.Heating service of Rangaeingar,geothermal exploration 1987~1992 and possibilities on futureenergy,Orkustofnun,Reykjavik.report OS-93008/JHD-03 B(in Icelandic),1993,68
[9]Arason P,Bjornsson G,Axelsson G,et al.The Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Software Package Icebox,Orkustofnun,Reykjavik,2003,53
[10]Bodvarsson GS,Stefansson V.Reinjection into geothermal reservoirs.In:Okandan E(ed),Geothermal Reservoir Engineering.Ankara-Turkey:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988,103~120
[11]Axelsson G,Bjornsson G,Flovenz OG,et al.Injection experiments in low-temperature geothermal areas in Iceland.Proceedings of the WorldGeothermal Congress 1995,Florence,Italy,3,1991~1996
[12]Axelsson G,Flovenz O,Hauksdottir S,et al.Analysis of tracer test data,and injection-induced cooling,in the Laugaland geothermal field,N-Iceland.Geothermics,2001,30:697~725Article ID:1002-1175(2005)06-0767-06The arrows denote the CMT values of Pluronic samples.Fig.2 The temperature dependence of wavenumberof the antisymmetic C-H stretching band of methylgroups of 15 wt%Pluronic polymers in D2O solutions
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