汶川地震前姑咱台观测的异常应变变化
摘要
汶川地震前一年多开始,位于龙门山断裂带西南端的姑咱台钻孔应变仪,记录到异常应变变化.这种异常变化以短周期(数分钟至数小时)的"毛刺"形态为特征.在全国100多个钻孔应变台中,姑咱台距震中最近,也只有该台记录到这种异常变化.该台钻孔应变观测的良好的自检结果,说明了观测应变变化的可靠性.这种持续出现的异常变化与季节变化明显不同步,不是环境干扰因素造成的.异常变化与长期趋势变化以及同震阶跃变化的一致性,进一步说明这种异常应该是构造运动的表现.超限率分析结果显示:这种异常变化在汶川地震主震前逐渐增大,震时特别剧烈,震后逐渐衰减,显示了与该地震相当密切的相关性.这种变化的机制可能是当地附近的小尺度岩石破裂.2008年2月27日康定Ms4.5地震造成最大的典型"毛刺".小波分解结果表明:主震前,比较长周期的异常成分出现得比较晚,这是破裂尺度在增大的表现.姑咱台的观测应变变化与唐山地震前观测到的应力变化有相似之处。
引文
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2Wyss M.Cannot earthquakes be predicted Science,1997,278:487—488
3Nature Debates:http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/earthquake
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8Sacks I S,Suyehiro S,Linde A T,et al.Slow earthquake and stress distribution.Nature,1978,275:599—602
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11邱泽华,石耀霖.国际钻孔应变观测的发展现状.地震学报,2004,26(增刊):162—168
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18邱泽华,张宝红.我国钻孔应力-应变地震前兆监测台网的现状.国际地震动态,2002,6:5—9
19邱泽华,唐磊,周龙寿,等.钻孔应变台网汶川地震观测资料初步分析若干结论.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29:1—5
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21邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.四分量钻孔观测的实地相对标定.大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25:118—122
22邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.四分量钻孔观测的实地绝对标定.地震,2005,25:27—34
23阚宝祥,邱泽华,唐磊.姑咱台四分量钻孔应变观测的实地标定.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29:36—40
24周龙寿,邱泽华,唐磊.地壳应变场对气压短周期变化的响应.地球物理学进展,2008,6:1717—1726
25Grossmann A,Morlet J.Decomposition of hardy function into square integrable wavelets of constant shape.SIAM J Math Ana1,1984,15:723—726
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27Mallat S.Multiresolution approximations and wavelet orthogonal bases of L2(R).Trans Amer Math Soc,1989,315:69—87
28Qiu Z H,Zhang B H,Huang X N,et al.On the cause of ground stress tensile pulses observed before the1976Tangshan earthquake.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1998,88:989—994
29Armstrong B H.Acoustic emission prior to rockbursts and earthquakes.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1969,59:1259—1279
30Mogi K.Earthquake as acoustic emission—1980IZU Peninsula Earthquake in particular.J Acoust Emission,1982,1:37—44
31Lockner D A,Byerlee J D,Kuksenko V,et al.Quasi-static fault growth and shear fracture energy in granite.Nature,1991,350:39—42
32Lockner D.Brittle fracture as an analog to earthquakes:Can acoustic emission be used to develop a viable prediction strategy.J Acoust Emission,1996,14:S88—S101
33陈颙.不同应力途径三轴压缩下岩石的声发射.地震学报,1981,1:41—48
34刘力强,马胜利,马瑾,等.岩石构造对声发射统计特征的影响.地震地质,1999,21:377—386
2Wyss M.Cannot earthquakes be predicted Science,1997,278:487—488
3Nature Debates:http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/earthquake
4Wyss M.Evaluation of Proposed Earthquake Precursors.Washington DC:American Geophysical Union,1991
5Wyss M.Second round of evaluations of proposed earthquake precursors.Pure Appl Geophys,1997,149:3—16
6Wyss M,Booth D C.The IASPEI procedure for the evaluation of earthquake precursors.Geophys J Int,1997,131:423—424
7Linde A T,Gladwin M T,Johnston M J S,et al.A slow earthquake sequence near San Juan Bautista,California in December1992.Nature,1996,383:65—69
8Sacks I S,Suyehiro S,Linde A T,et al.Slow earthquake and stress distribution.Nature,1978,275:599—602
9Stefansson R,Sacks I S,Linde A T.The Hekla Eruption of1980—The mechanism of a ridge volcano.Annual Report of the Director,Department of Terrestrial Magnetism,Carnegie Inst,1981.511—514
10Ishii H,Yamauchi T,Matsumoto S,et al.Development of multi-component borehole instrument for earthquake prediction study:Some observed examples of precursory and co-seismic phenomena relating to earthquake swarms and application of the instrument for rock mechanics.In:Ogasawara H,ed.Seismic Process Monitoring.Rotterdam:Balkema,2002.365—377
11邱泽华,石耀霖.国际钻孔应变观测的发展现状.地震学报,2004,26(增刊):162—168
12Gladwin M T.High precision multi-component borehole deformation monitoring.Rev Sci Instrum,1984,55:2011—2016
13Gladwin M T,Hart R.Design parameters for borehole strain instrumentation.Pure Appl Geophys,1985,123:59—80
14苏恺之.液位型体积式应变仪的工作原理.地震科学研究,1982,4:57—62
15王启民,冯先水,马鸿钧.一种弦频式钻孔应变仪.地震学报,1983,5:370—376
16欧阳祖熙,李秉元,贾维九,等.一种钻井式地应力测量系统.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(2).北京:地震出版社,1988.1—20
17池顺良.一种浅孔安装的YRY-2型钻孔应变仪在中国华北地区8个台站试验观测的结果.地震学报,1993,15:224—231
18邱泽华,张宝红.我国钻孔应力-应变地震前兆监测台网的现状.国际地震动态,2002,6:5—9
19邱泽华,唐磊,周龙寿,等.钻孔应变台网汶川地震观测资料初步分析若干结论.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29:1—5
20池顺良,池毅,邓涛,等.从5.12汶川地震前后分量应变仪观测到的应变异常看建设密集应变观测网络的必要性.国际地震动态,2009,1:1—13
21邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.四分量钻孔观测的实地相对标定.大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25:118—122
22邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.四分量钻孔观测的实地绝对标定.地震,2005,25:27—34
23阚宝祥,邱泽华,唐磊.姑咱台四分量钻孔应变观测的实地标定.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29:36—40
24周龙寿,邱泽华,唐磊.地壳应变场对气压短周期变化的响应.地球物理学进展,2008,6:1717—1726
25Grossmann A,Morlet J.Decomposition of hardy function into square integrable wavelets of constant shape.SIAM J Math Ana1,1984,15:723—726
26Daubechies I.Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets.Commun Pure Appl Math,1988,41:990—996
27Mallat S.Multiresolution approximations and wavelet orthogonal bases of L2(R).Trans Amer Math Soc,1989,315:69—87
28Qiu Z H,Zhang B H,Huang X N,et al.On the cause of ground stress tensile pulses observed before the1976Tangshan earthquake.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1998,88:989—994
29Armstrong B H.Acoustic emission prior to rockbursts and earthquakes.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1969,59:1259—1279
30Mogi K.Earthquake as acoustic emission—1980IZU Peninsula Earthquake in particular.J Acoust Emission,1982,1:37—44
31Lockner D A,Byerlee J D,Kuksenko V,et al.Quasi-static fault growth and shear fracture energy in granite.Nature,1991,350:39—42
32Lockner D.Brittle fracture as an analog to earthquakes:Can acoustic emission be used to develop a viable prediction strategy.J Acoust Emission,1996,14:S88—S101
33陈颙.不同应力途径三轴压缩下岩石的声发射.地震学报,1981,1:41—48
34刘力强,马胜利,马瑾,等.岩石构造对声发射统计特征的影响.地震地质,1999,21:377—386
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