灾后防疫非朝夕之功,科学防疫是重中之重
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摘要
地震灾后传染病的流行受基础设施被破坏的程度、地理和气候等自然因素和人为因素的影响。水源污染、病媒密度增加、环境卫生恶劣以及当地及输入性病原体是地震后消化道、虫媒和呼吸道传染病的主要危险因素。灾区防疫工作应针对传染源、传播途径和易感人群等3个关键环节展开。同时应重视过度"消杀灭"对生态环境的破坏。对灾民进行卫生教育和重建当地卫生防疫力量是长期控制疫病的关键。本文以映秀灾区防疫工作为基础,就目前灾后防疫工作存在的问题进行分析,并提出了10条建议,供后期防疫工作借鉴。
Epidemic of infectious diseases after devastating earthquakes is affected by various factors,including the damage of infrastructure,geographic and climate condition as well as human activity.Pollution of water resources,increase of biological vectors,poor sanitation condition as well as the local or introduced pathogens are the major risk factors for food-or water-borne diseases,vector-borne diseases and air-borne diseases after the earthquake.Prevention and control of infectious diseases in the disaster area should focus on the source of infection,transmission pathway and susceptible population.Meanwhile,attention should be paid on ecological deterioration caused by excessive use of insecticides and disinfectants.Health education to the disaster refugees and rebuilding of local public health infrastructure are the keys for the consistency of epidemic prevention.This article analyzes some possible problems concerning epidemic prevention after the devastating earthquake and proposes 10 suggestions for disease control and prevention during the later period of epidemic prevention.
Epidemic of infectious diseases after devastating earthquakes is affected by various factors,including the damage of infrastructure,geographic and climate condition as well as human activity.Pollution of water resources,increase of biological vectors,poor sanitation condition as well as the local or introduced pathogens are the major risk factors for food-or water-borne diseases,vector-borne diseases and air-borne diseases after the earthquake.Prevention and control of infectious diseases in the disaster area should focus on the source of infection,transmission pathway and susceptible population.Meanwhile,attention should be paid on ecological deterioration caused by excessive use of insecticides and disinfectants.Health education to the disaster refugees and rebuilding of local public health infrastructure are the keys for the consistency of epidemic prevention.This article analyzes some possible problems concerning epidemic prevention after the devastating earthquake and proposes 10 suggestions for disease control and prevention during the later period of epidemic prevention.
引文
[1]Waring S C,Brown B J.The threat of communicable diseases following natural disasters:a public health response[J].Disas-ter Manag Response,2005,3:41-47.
[2]Linscott A J.Natural disaster-a microbe’s paradise[J].Clin Microb News,2007,29:57-62.
[3]Ligon B L.Infectious diseases that pose specific challenge after natural disasters:a review[J].Semin Pediatr Infect Dis,2006,17:36-45.
[4]常文军,张迁,朱诗应,阮芳铭,曹广文.汶川映秀镇抗震救灾部队营地苍蝇密度、分布及其控制[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:734-736.
[5]张迁,常文军,朱诗应,阮芳铭,曹广文.抗震救灾部队官兵皮肤病发病率及其影响因素分析[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:741-743.
[6]朱诗应,阮芳铭,常文军,张迁,曹广文.地震前后汶川映秀镇居民卫生防疫意识调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:729-733.
[7]阮芳铭,朱诗应,常文军,张迁,曹广文.汶川映秀镇地震后各临时水源水的有机物污染调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:737-740.
[8]曹广文.严重急性呼吸综合征暴发后对我国公共卫生防病应急系统的反思[J].第二军医大学学报,2003,24:591-594.
[9]曹广文.大力加强我国公共卫生突发事件主动监测系统的研究[J].第二军医大学学报,2004,25:233-235.
[10]常文军,张迁,朱诗应,阮芳铭,曹广文.汶川地震一个月后救援部队官兵心理健康状况调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:725-728.
[2]Linscott A J.Natural disaster-a microbe’s paradise[J].Clin Microb News,2007,29:57-62.
[3]Ligon B L.Infectious diseases that pose specific challenge after natural disasters:a review[J].Semin Pediatr Infect Dis,2006,17:36-45.
[4]常文军,张迁,朱诗应,阮芳铭,曹广文.汶川映秀镇抗震救灾部队营地苍蝇密度、分布及其控制[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:734-736.
[5]张迁,常文军,朱诗应,阮芳铭,曹广文.抗震救灾部队官兵皮肤病发病率及其影响因素分析[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:741-743.
[6]朱诗应,阮芳铭,常文军,张迁,曹广文.地震前后汶川映秀镇居民卫生防疫意识调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:729-733.
[7]阮芳铭,朱诗应,常文军,张迁,曹广文.汶川映秀镇地震后各临时水源水的有机物污染调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:737-740.
[8]曹广文.严重急性呼吸综合征暴发后对我国公共卫生防病应急系统的反思[J].第二军医大学学报,2003,24:591-594.
[9]曹广文.大力加强我国公共卫生突发事件主动监测系统的研究[J].第二军医大学学报,2004,25:233-235.
[10]常文军,张迁,朱诗应,阮芳铭,曹广文.汶川地震一个月后救援部队官兵心理健康状况调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:725-728.
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