枣庄岩溶塌陷形成机理与致塌模型的研究
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摘要
渗压效应是指由于降雨入渗补给岩溶地下水,而对盖层土体产生的综合作用,包括静水增荷效应、垂直渗透效应、吸水软化效应及负压封闭效应。渗压效应致塌机制是多年持续采水区降落漏斗中心部位岩溶塌陷的主要力学机制。本文根据普氏理论及极限平衡理论分别建立了内部塌陷阶段临界土洞的高度表达式及地表塌陷阶段的渗压效应致塌力学模型,并用表达式及模型对枣庄市的岩溶塌陷进行了验证分析与评价,分析结果与实际塌陷情况符合较好,建立的表达式与模型基本上反映了该地区岩溶塌陷的形成机理。
The seepage pressure effects are comprehensive actions on cover-layer in the process of rain feeding karst groundwater, which includes load-increased effect of water, vertical-seepage effect, wetting-soft effect and obturation negative-pressure effect. And the seepage pressure mechanism is the primary mechanism of karst collapse in the center of cone of depression in continual pumping region. Based on the theory of М·М·Протодьяконов , the limit equilibrium theory and the karst collapse law in Zaozhuang city, this paper has established the mechanical model of surface-collapse phase and determined the height of equilibrium soil-hole in inter-collapse phase. Meanwhile, an evaluation of karst collapses in Zaozhuang city has been carried out by means of the formula and mechanical model. The result shows that the formula and mechanical model coincide with the forming mechanism of karst collapse in Zaozhuang city.
The seepage pressure effects are comprehensive actions on cover-layer in the process of rain feeding karst groundwater, which includes load-increased effect of water, vertical-seepage effect, wetting-soft effect and obturation negative-pressure effect. And the seepage pressure mechanism is the primary mechanism of karst collapse in the center of cone of depression in continual pumping region. Based on the theory of М·М·Протодьяконов , the limit equilibrium theory and the karst collapse law in Zaozhuang city, this paper has established the mechanical model of surface-collapse phase and determined the height of equilibrium soil-hole in inter-collapse phase. Meanwhile, an evaluation of karst collapses in Zaozhuang city has been carried out by means of the formula and mechanical model. The result shows that the formula and mechanical model coincide with the forming mechanism of karst collapse in Zaozhuang city.
引文
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[5]王滨,贺可强,高宗军.岩溶塌陷的时空阶段性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2001(5):24-28.
[6]谭学术,鲜学福等.复合岩体力学理论及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1994.
[7]重庆建筑工程学院,同济大学.岩体力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981.
[8]吴爱民,文唐章,万继涛等.区域地下水与开发规划研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
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[2]弗雷德隆德D.G,拉哈尔佐H.著.非饱和土土力学[M].陈仲颐,蒋国澄等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
[3]CharlesW W Ng,Pang.Y.W.Influence of state on soil-water characteristics and slop stability[J].Journal ofGeotechnical andGeoenvironmentalEngineering,2000,126(2):157-166.
[4]黄文熙.土的工程性质[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1983.
[5]王滨,贺可强,高宗军.岩溶塌陷的时空阶段性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2001(5):24-28.
[6]谭学术,鲜学福等.复合岩体力学理论及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1994.
[7]重庆建筑工程学院,同济大学.岩体力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981.
[8]吴爱民,文唐章,万继涛等.区域地下水与开发规划研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[9]《岩土工程手册》编写委员会.岩土工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
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