山西煤矿矿区井下地应力场分布特征研究
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摘要
采用煤矿井下专用的小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,在山西省的晋城、潞安、汾西、华晋、阳泉、平朔、大同等矿区,完成了1 60个测点的地应力测量,测点地质条件涵盖了山西省煤矿大部分条件.基于实测数据,分析了地应力与测点埋深的关系,不同深度条件下煤矿矿区井下地应力状态;绘制出山西省煤矿矿区井下地应力分布图,并与震源机制解的分析结果进行了比较,得出山西省煤矿矿区井下地应力场分布特征与变化规律.煤矿井下水平应力总体上随着埋深增加而增大,但由于各矿区地质条件差异较大,导致地应力测试数据离散性也较大;埋深小于250 m的岩层应力状态主要为σ_H>σ_h>σ_V型,埋深处于250～500 m的岩层应力状态以σ_H>σ_V>σ_h型为主,埋深较大的矿区主要为σ_V>σ_H>σ_h型;最大水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值绝大部分集中在0.5～2.0之间,而且随着埋深增加,侧压比呈现减小的趋势,并向1附近集中;最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力的比值主要集中在1.5～2.0之间;平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值大多处于0.5～1.5,尤以0.5～1.0之间最多;山西省煤矿矿区从北到南,最大水平主应力方向发生了较大变化.北部最大水平主应力方向为NE,往南发生偏转到NNW;靠东部与西部偏向NW;靠东南部出现了多变的方向.井下实测数据与震源机制解相比在部分区域一致性较好,而在另一些区域存在明显的差异.特别是在受较大地质构造影响的区域,水平主应力方向往往发生明显的扭转和变化.
By means of the small borehole hydraulic fracturing measurement unit designed for underground coal mines, in situ stress measurements at 160 sites were made in Jincheng, Lu'an, Fenxi, Huajin, Yangquan, Pingshuo and Datong coal mining fields in Shanxi province, which cover the most geological conditions of Shanxi coal mines. The relation between in-situ stresses and depths of measurement sites, and the in-situ stress status of different depths were analyzed based on measurement data. The underground in-situ stress distribution map of Shanxi coal mining fields was drawn and the characteristics and law of underground in situ stress distribution was made by comparing the results with the focal mechanism solutions. It is shown that the horizontal stresses basically increase with the depths of measurement sites as a whole. A large scatter of the in-situ stress measurements is also found because of the different geological conditions in different coal mining fields. The in-situ stress patterns are σ_H>σ_>σ_h when depth is below 250 m, σ_H>σ_v>σ_h when depth is between 250 m and 500 m, and σ_v>σ_H>σ_h when depth is above 500 m. The ratio between the maximum horizontal principal stresses and vertical principal stresses mostly concentrates in the interval of 0.5 to 2.0, and decreases and converges to 1 with the depth increasing; The ratio between the maximum horizontal principal stresses and minimum horizontal principal stresses is mainly in the interval of 1.5 to 2.0; The ratio between the mean horizontal principal stresses and vertical principal stresses mainly varies from 0. 5 to 1. 5 with most in the interval of 0.5 to 1.0. The orientations of the maximum horizontal principal stresses in Shanxi coal mining fields change considerably from north to south. The orientations are NE in northern part, deflect to NNW southwards, vary to NW in western and eastern parts, and changeable in southeast part. Comparing the results from underground in-situ measurements with the focal mechanism solutions, they show good agreement in some coal mining fields, but obvious divergence exists in other areas. Especially in the areas affected by local large geological struetures, the orientations of the horizontal principal stresses frequently reverse and change obviously.
By means of the small borehole hydraulic fracturing measurement unit designed for underground coal mines, in situ stress measurements at 160 sites were made in Jincheng, Lu'an, Fenxi, Huajin, Yangquan, Pingshuo and Datong coal mining fields in Shanxi province, which cover the most geological conditions of Shanxi coal mines. The relation between in-situ stresses and depths of measurement sites, and the in-situ stress status of different depths were analyzed based on measurement data. The underground in-situ stress distribution map of Shanxi coal mining fields was drawn and the characteristics and law of underground in situ stress distribution was made by comparing the results with the focal mechanism solutions. It is shown that the horizontal stresses basically increase with the depths of measurement sites as a whole. A large scatter of the in-situ stress measurements is also found because of the different geological conditions in different coal mining fields. The in-situ stress patterns are σ_H>σ_>σ_h when depth is below 250 m, σ_H>σ_v>σ_h when depth is between 250 m and 500 m, and σ_v>σ_H>σ_h when depth is above 500 m. The ratio between the maximum horizontal principal stresses and vertical principal stresses mostly concentrates in the interval of 0.5 to 2.0, and decreases and converges to 1 with the depth increasing; The ratio between the maximum horizontal principal stresses and minimum horizontal principal stresses is mainly in the interval of 1.5 to 2.0; The ratio between the mean horizontal principal stresses and vertical principal stresses mainly varies from 0. 5 to 1. 5 with most in the interval of 0.5 to 1.0. The orientations of the maximum horizontal principal stresses in Shanxi coal mining fields change considerably from north to south. The orientations are NE in northern part, deflect to NNW southwards, vary to NW in western and eastern parts, and changeable in southeast part. Comparing the results from underground in-situ measurements with the focal mechanism solutions, they show good agreement in some coal mining fields, but obvious divergence exists in other areas. Especially in the areas affected by local large geological struetures, the orientations of the horizontal principal stresses frequently reverse and change obviously.
引文
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[9] 刘允芳,刘元坤.水压致裂法三维地应力测量方法的研究.地壳形变与地震,1999,19(3) :64～71 Liu Y F,Liu Y K.Study on 3-D geostress determining method with hydrofracturing technique.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(in Chinese),1999,19(3) :64～71
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[11] 尹建民,刘元坤,罗超文等.原生裂隙水压法三维地应力测量原理及应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增):1706～1709 Yin J M,Liu Y K,Luo C W,et al.3-dimensional geostress determination by hydraulic test on preexisting fractures and application.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2001,20(Suppl.):1706～1709
[12] 赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6) :1265～1271 Zhao D A,Chen Z M,Cai X L,et al.Analysis of distribution rule of geostress in China.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2007,26(6) :1265～1271
[13] 陈志敏.不同岩性侧压比随深度变化规律探讨.西部探矿工程,2006,(6) :99～101 Chen Z M.Discussion on change law of different lithology's side press ratio with depths.West-China Exploration Engineering(in Chinese),2006,(6) :99～101
[14] 徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :770～781 Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Ishikawa Yuzo.Regional characteristics of crustal stress field and tectonic motions in and around Chinese mainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3) :770～781
[15] 谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋等.中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :131～136 Xie F R,Chen Q C,Cui X F,et al.Fundamental database of crustal stress environment in continental China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1) :131～136
[2] Chistiansson R.The latest development for in-situ rock,stress measuring techniques.Proceedings of the lnternational Symposium on In-situ Rock Stress.Trondhein,Norway.2006． 3～10
[3] Haimson B C,Cornet F H.ISRM suggested methods for rock stress estimation Part 3:hydraulic fracturing(HF)and/or hydraulic testing of pre existing fractures(HTPF).Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci,2003,40(7-8) :1011～1020
[4] 康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007． 36～51 Kang H P,Wang J H.Rock Bolting Theory and Complete Technology for Coal Roadways(in Chinese).Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2007． 36～51
[5] 康红普,林健.我国巷道围岩地质力学测试技术新进展.煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7) :27～30 Kang H P,Lin J.New development in geomechanics measurement and test technology of mine roadway surrounding rock.Coal Science and Technology(in Chinese),2001,29(7) :27～30
[6] 康红普,林健,张晓.深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5) :929～933 Kang H P,Lin J,Zhang X.Research and application of insitu stress measurement in deep mines,Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2007,26(5) :929～933
[7] 张 晓.小孔径水压致裂地应力测量技术研究及现场应用[硕士学位论文].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2004 Zhang X.Study on hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement techniques in small holes and field application[Master's Thesis](in Chinese).Beiiing:China Coal Research Institute,2004
[8] 胡学军,范世民.煤巷锚杆支护成套技术在潞安矿区的应用.煤炭科学技术,2003,31(6) :33～35 Hu X J,Fan S M.Completed set technology of bolt support for seam gateway applied to Lu'an mining area.Coal Science and Technology(in Chinese),2003,31(6) :33～35
[9] 刘允芳,刘元坤.水压致裂法三维地应力测量方法的研究.地壳形变与地震,1999,19(3) :64～71 Liu Y F,Liu Y K.Study on 3-D geostress determining method with hydrofracturing technique.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(in Chinese),1999,19(3) :64～71
[10] 陈群策,李方全,毛吉震.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究.地质力学学报,200l,7(1) :69～78 Chen Q C,Li F Q,Mao J Z.Application study on threedimensional geostress measurements by use of hydraulic fracturing method.Journal of Geornechanics(in Chinese),2001,7(1) :69～78
[11] 尹建民,刘元坤,罗超文等.原生裂隙水压法三维地应力测量原理及应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增):1706～1709 Yin J M,Liu Y K,Luo C W,et al.3-dimensional geostress determination by hydraulic test on preexisting fractures and application.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2001,20(Suppl.):1706～1709
[12] 赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6) :1265～1271 Zhao D A,Chen Z M,Cai X L,et al.Analysis of distribution rule of geostress in China.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2007,26(6) :1265～1271
[13] 陈志敏.不同岩性侧压比随深度变化规律探讨.西部探矿工程,2006,(6) :99～101 Chen Z M.Discussion on change law of different lithology's side press ratio with depths.West-China Exploration Engineering(in Chinese),2006,(6) :99～101
[14] 徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :770～781 Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Ishikawa Yuzo.Regional characteristics of crustal stress field and tectonic motions in and around Chinese mainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3) :770～781
[15] 谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋等.中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :131～136 Xie F R,Chen Q C,Cui X F,et al.Fundamental database of crustal stress environment in continental China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1) :131～136
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