利用地震方法预测潜山裂缝性油气储层——以渤海湾南部为例
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摘要
以３ Ｄ 地震数据体为基础，使用相干分析技术和合成声波测井技术对发育在渤海湾盆地南部浅海海域中的古生界碳酸盐岩和太古界花岗片麻岩中的潜山裂缝性储层进行了横向预测，在此基础上确定了有利部位。预测结果得到了实际钻探的证实。
Fractured reservoir is of vital importance in oil and gas exploration. However, because of their non isotropic characters and lateral variations, the identification and prediction of fractured reservoirs are often difficult. Currently, most seismic approaches are still in a trial stage. In this paper, we will describe two seismic approaches that are applicable in solving the problem, i.e., coherence analysis and synthetic sonic log technologies. The essential of coherence analysis is to assess the correlation or similarity between seismic traces. The distribution pattern of fractured reservoirs can be identified after the processing of 3D seismic data by coherence analysis. Based on the sensitivity of the studied fractured reservoir, we further calculated eight seismic parameters from 3D coherence date volumes and selected the minimum seismic parameter from these parameters. The purpose of synthetic sonic logging is to convert seismic datas into bedded log sections by extracting the interval velocity information. Three critical technologies have been applied in this process based on synthetic seismogram's scaling. They are frequency domain deconvolution, phase correction and low frequency modeling. The interval velocities that are consistent with the reservoir development section are extracted after the synthetic sonic data volume is obtained. These data are then presented as plane maps. Their trends reflect the distribution of fractured reservoirs. These two seismic approaches are applied to 3D seismic data volumes in the predication of fractured reservoirs that are developed in the Paleozoic carbonates and the Archaean granite gneiss in southern Bohai basin. The predictions have been further tested by drilling exploration.
Fractured reservoir is of vital importance in oil and gas exploration. However, because of their non isotropic characters and lateral variations, the identification and prediction of fractured reservoirs are often difficult. Currently, most seismic approaches are still in a trial stage. In this paper, we will describe two seismic approaches that are applicable in solving the problem, i.e., coherence analysis and synthetic sonic log technologies. The essential of coherence analysis is to assess the correlation or similarity between seismic traces. The distribution pattern of fractured reservoirs can be identified after the processing of 3D seismic data by coherence analysis. Based on the sensitivity of the studied fractured reservoir, we further calculated eight seismic parameters from 3D coherence date volumes and selected the minimum seismic parameter from these parameters. The purpose of synthetic sonic logging is to convert seismic datas into bedded log sections by extracting the interval velocity information. Three critical technologies have been applied in this process based on synthetic seismogram's scaling. They are frequency domain deconvolution, phase correction and low frequency modeling. The interval velocities that are consistent with the reservoir development section are extracted after the synthetic sonic data volume is obtained. These data are then presented as plane maps. Their trends reflect the distribution of fractured reservoirs. These two seismic approaches are applied to 3D seismic data volumes in the predication of fractured reservoirs that are developed in the Paleozoic carbonates and the Archaean granite gneiss in southern Bohai basin. The predictions have been further tested by drilling exploration.
引文
1 张礼泉. 地面多波、多分量地震技术近几年研究和应用的进展. 见: 牛毓荃主编.石油物探新技术系列调研报告. 北京: 石油工业出版社,1996 .418 ～435
2 唐晓雪,唐建侯. 用 P S V 转换波资料研究储层各向异性. 石油地球物理勘探,1997 ,32(1) :27 ～33
3 Eliasn Ato 等. 开发 P S 转换波: 第二部分,在裂隙性油藏中的应用. S E G64 , 北京:石油工业出版社,1994175 ～181
4 Ponit strahilevitz. 用 P 波 A V O 进行裂隙探测. S E G65 .北京:石油工业出版社,1995152 ～156
5 Mallick S, Craft K, Meister M, Chambers R. Computation of principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from Pwaveseismic data :66th Ann . Internal Mtg . Soc . Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts,1996 ,1862 ～1865
6 Reinaldo J. Michelena . Similarity analysis : A new tool to sum marize seismic attributes information . The Leading Edge ,1998 ,17(4) :545 ～548
7 Bahorich M.3 Dseismic discontinuity forfaults and stratigraphic features : The coherence culb . The Leading Edge ,1995 ,14(10) :1053 ～1058
2 唐晓雪,唐建侯. 用 P S V 转换波资料研究储层各向异性. 石油地球物理勘探,1997 ,32(1) :27 ～33
3 Eliasn Ato 等. 开发 P S 转换波: 第二部分,在裂隙性油藏中的应用. S E G64 , 北京:石油工业出版社,1994175 ～181
4 Ponit strahilevitz. 用 P 波 A V O 进行裂隙探测. S E G65 .北京:石油工业出版社,1995152 ～156
5 Mallick S, Craft K, Meister M, Chambers R. Computation of principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from Pwaveseismic data :66th Ann . Internal Mtg . Soc . Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts,1996 ,1862 ～1865
6 Reinaldo J. Michelena . Similarity analysis : A new tool to sum marize seismic attributes information . The Leading Edge ,1998 ,17(4) :545 ～548
7 Bahorich M.3 Dseismic discontinuity forfaults and stratigraphic features : The coherence culb . The Leading Edge ,1995 ,14(10) :1053 ～1058
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