高密度偏移技术原理与应用(英文)
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摘要
针对宽频带高分辨率地震剖面的空间假频问题,本文提出了高密度偏移处理的解决方案。首先对地震空间假频的定义进行了分析,认识到偏移地震剖面与叠加地震剖面中的空间假频是有差异的,偏移地震剖面比叠加地震剖面更易产生空间假频。其次根据地震波动理论,认为野外空间低密度采集的地震信号,包含着地下高密度的地质信息,进而提出地震偏移输出是新的空间采样过程,只要地震叠前时间偏移输出高密度采样,CDP道间距足够小,就可以防止宽频带高分辨率偏移剖面的空间假频。利用二维地震正演模型分析高密度偏移方法的可行性,表明低密度采集的地震数据高密度空间采样叠前偏移处理可以消除地震空间假频噪声。对松辽盆地大庆油田低密度采集的地震资料高密度叠前偏移及提高分辨率处理后,消除了宽频带高分辨率地震的空间假频,宽频带高分辨率地震剖面地震空间分辨率明显提高。
To avoid spatial aliasing problems in broad band high resolution seismic sections, I present a high density migration processing solution.I first analyze the spatial aliasing definition for stack and migration seismic sections and point out the differences between the two.We recognize that migration sections more often show spatial aliasing than stacked sections.Second,from wave propagation theory,I know that migration output is a new spatial sampling process and seismic prestack time migration can provide the high density sampling to prevent spatial aliasing on high resolution migration sections.Using a 2D seismic forward modeling analysis,I have found that seismic spatial aliasing noise can be eliminated by high density spatial sampling in prestack migration.In a 3D seismic data study for Daqing Oilfield in the Songliao Basin,I have also found that seismic sections obtained by high-density spatial sampling(10×10 m) in prestack migration have less spatial aliasing noise than those obtained by conventional low density spatial sampling(20×40 m) in prestack migration.
To avoid spatial aliasing problems in broad band high resolution seismic sections, I present a high density migration processing solution.I first analyze the spatial aliasing definition for stack and migration seismic sections and point out the differences between the two.We recognize that migration sections more often show spatial aliasing than stacked sections.Second,from wave propagation theory,I know that migration output is a new spatial sampling process and seismic prestack time migration can provide the high density sampling to prevent spatial aliasing on high resolution migration sections.Using a 2D seismic forward modeling analysis,I have found that seismic spatial aliasing noise can be eliminated by high density spatial sampling in prestack migration.In a 3D seismic data study for Daqing Oilfield in the Songliao Basin,I have also found that seismic sections obtained by high-density spatial sampling(10×10 m) in prestack migration have less spatial aliasing noise than those obtained by conventional low density spatial sampling(20×40 m) in prestack migration.
引文
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Schneider,W.A.,1978,Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions:Geophysics,43(1),49 - 76.
Sheriff,R.E.,and Geldart,L.P.,1999,Exploration seismology:Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,356 - 357.
Sun,L.D.,Fang,C.L.,Li,F.,Zhu,R.K..,and He,D.B., 2010,Petroleum exploration and development practices of sedimentary basins in China and research progress of sedimentology:Petroleum Exploration and Development, 33(7),385 - 396.
Walker,D.A.,2008,Intellectual property,Method for improving the seismic resolution:Geophysics,73(6), Z93.
Wang,X.S.,Xie,W.D.,and Deng,Z.W.,2007, Development and prospects of high density spatial sampling seismic technology:China Petroleum Exploration,1,45 - 53.
Yang,W.C,and Yu,C.G.,2009,The micro-size reflected seismic wave-field and recognition of hydrocarbon reservoirs:Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,31(6),1 - 10.
Yilmaz,O.,1988,Seismic data processing:Soc.Expl. Geophys.,Tulsa,334 - 337.
Yilmaz,O.,2001,Seismic data analysis:Soc.Expl. Geophys.,Tulsa,476 - 500.
Yu,Z.,Sun,J.C.and Gray,S.H.,2003,Aliasing in wavefield extrapolation prestack migration:Geophysics, 68(2),629-633.
Cai,X.L.,Liu,X.W.,Li,H.,Qian,Y.M.,and Lu,Y.M., 2009,Seismic data analysis based on spatial subsets: Applied Geophysics,6(4),384 - 392.
Cai,X.Y.,Han,W.G.,Yu,J.,and Lin,G.,2011,A high density 3D seismic acquisition case in Luojia:Oil Geophysical Prospecting,46(2),182 - 187.
Dev,A.,and McMechan,G.A.,2009,Spatial antialias filtering in the slowness-frequency domain:Geophysics, 74(2),35-42.
Gerrit,T.,Thorbecke,J.,Wapenaar,K.,Petersen,S.,Evert, S.,and Jacob E,2008,Simulating migrated and inverted seismic data by filtering a geologic model:Geophysics, 73(2),T1-T10.
Gray,S.H.,Etgen,J.,Dellinger,J.,and Whitmore,D., 2001,Seismic migration problems and solutions: Geophysics,66,1622 - 1640.
Li,Z.S.,2007,Seismic wave attenuation and recovering method:Progress in Geophysics,22(5),1545 - 1551.
Li,Z.S.,2012,Sequence stratigraphic characteristics of channel sandbody through broad band high resolution seismic section:Earth Science Frontier,19(1),200 - 208.
Li,Q.Z.,and Wei,J.D.,2007,Influence of array effect on cut off frequency of high frequency in high density seismic acquisition:Oil Geophysical Prospecting,42(4), 363 - 369.
Li,X.X.,Wu,G.C,and Liang,K.,2009,The review of point source / point receiver high density seismic exploration technology:Progress in Geophysics,24(4), 1354-1366.
Liu,Z.W.,Sa,L.M.,Dong,S.T,and Tang,D.L.,2009, Practices and expectation of high density seismic exploration technology in CNPC:Petroleum Exploration and Development,36(2),129 - 135.
Newman,B.J.,2000,Spatial aliasing and 3-D bin size the quest for cleaner,cheaper data:The Leading Edge,19(2), 158-161.
Ramsden,C,Bennett,G.,and Long,A.,2005,High-resolution 3D seismic imaging in practice:The Leading Edge,24(4),42 - 428.
Schneider,W.A.,1978,Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions:Geophysics,43(1),49 - 76.
Sheriff,R.E.,and Geldart,L.P.,1999,Exploration seismology:Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,356 - 357.
Sun,L.D.,Fang,C.L.,Li,F.,Zhu,R.K..,and He,D.B., 2010,Petroleum exploration and development practices of sedimentary basins in China and research progress of sedimentology:Petroleum Exploration and Development, 33(7),385 - 396.
Walker,D.A.,2008,Intellectual property,Method for improving the seismic resolution:Geophysics,73(6), Z93.
Wang,X.S.,Xie,W.D.,and Deng,Z.W.,2007, Development and prospects of high density spatial sampling seismic technology:China Petroleum Exploration,1,45 - 53.
Yang,W.C,and Yu,C.G.,2009,The micro-size reflected seismic wave-field and recognition of hydrocarbon reservoirs:Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,31(6),1 - 10.
Yilmaz,O.,1988,Seismic data processing:Soc.Expl. Geophys.,Tulsa,334 - 337.
Yilmaz,O.,2001,Seismic data analysis:Soc.Expl. Geophys.,Tulsa,476 - 500.
Yu,Z.,Sun,J.C.and Gray,S.H.,2003,Aliasing in wavefield extrapolation prestack migration:Geophysics, 68(2),629-633.
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