影响地震活动性因素的非均匀细胞自动机模拟研究
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摘要
基于细胞自动机模型,构建了由81×81个细胞单元组成非均匀二维单断层介质样本,研究了断层结构细观非均匀性以及相关模型参数变化对模拟输出结果和强度分布特征的影响。研究结果表明:结构非均匀性是影响地震活动性的控制性参量,随着非均匀程度的增强,地震事件数量增多,震级分布变得越来越均匀,破裂演化模式由相对"脆性"向"塑性"变化;介质结构的初始条件和应力加载的随机性对地震活动演化过程基本不产生影响,此外,应力降分配系数减小使b值主体线性段向大震级延伸;随着局部摩擦损耗系数增大,模拟地震事件的数量有所增加,大震级事件数量和震级衰减增强b,值主体线性区间变窄,使断层的变形破坏方式由相对"脆性"向"塑性"变化。这些对理解孕震过程的复杂性是有帮助的。
For the purpose of investigating conditions of earthquake pregnancy,a heterogeneous 2-D single fault model with 81×81 cells is set up.By using cellular automata models and changing the model heterogeneity and correlation parameters respectively,we compute and get different synthetic event catalogues for analyzing general seismic activity and intensity distribution properties.The computation results show that different heterogeneous structures produce different seismic sequence types and G-R relation,so the heterogeneity is an important influencing factor on seismicity.Nevertheless,both the coefficients of stress redistribution and local friction loss can also influence seimicity to some extent.It is possibly helpful for further understandings of earthquake process complexity.
For the purpose of investigating conditions of earthquake pregnancy,a heterogeneous 2-D single fault model with 81×81 cells is set up.By using cellular automata models and changing the model heterogeneity and correlation parameters respectively,we compute and get different synthetic event catalogues for analyzing general seismic activity and intensity distribution properties.The computation results show that different heterogeneous structures produce different seismic sequence types and G-R relation,so the heterogeneity is an important influencing factor on seismicity.Nevertheless,both the coefficients of stress redistribution and local friction loss can also influence seimicity to some extent.It is possibly helpful for further understandings of earthquake process complexity.
引文
[1]孙佩卿,李钦祖,戴英华,等.地震序列震级结构的特征研究[J].地震学报1,998,20(1):36-40.
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[5]Main I G.Statistical physics,seismogensis and seismic hazard[J].Rev.Geophys,1996,104(B3):4 755-4 768.
[6]Mogi K.Study of elastic shocks caused by the fracture heterogeneous materials and its relation to the earthquake phenomena[J].Bull Earthquake Res Inst,Univ Tokoy,19624,0:1-31.
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[8]唐春安,刘红元,秦四清,等.非均匀性对岩石介质中裂纹扩展模式的影响[J].地球物理学报,20004,3(1):116-120.
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[11]高原,刘昭君.细胞自动机多重分形特征和动力学含义[J].西北地震学报1,995,17(4):61-69.
[12]Steacy S J,Mc Clskey J.What controls an earthquakes size?-Results from a heterogeneous celluar automaton[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1998,133:11-14.
[13]刘杰,刘桂萍,李丽,等.基于大陆地震活动特点建立的简化动力学模型———细胞自动机模型[J].地震,1999,19(3):230-238.
[14]Castellaro S,Mulargia F.What criticality in cellular automata models of earthquake?[J].Geophys.J.Int.,20021,50:483-493.
[15]刘桂萍,傅征祥,刘杰.摩擦时间依从的地震活动性细胞自动机模型[J].地球物理学报,2000.43(2):204-211.
[16]朱守彪,蔡永恩,刘杰,等.利用三维细胞自动机模拟地震活动性[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(2):206-210.
[17]李锰,杨峰.结构非均匀性理论模型的关联维描述[J].内陆地震2,010,24(3):193-198.
[18]李平恩,殷有泉.地震不稳定性的一个简单模型[J].中国地震2,009,25(3):265-273.
[19]李锰,杨峰,胡伟华.利用非均匀细胞自动机模拟震级与应力降关系[J].地震2,011,31(2):129-136.
[2]Reasenberg P A.Foreshock occurrence before large earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,1999,104(B3):4 755-4 768.
[3]Papazachos B C,Papazachou C B.The earthquakes of Greece[M].Greece:P ZITI&Co,1975:62.
[4]刘桂萍,傅征祥.地震强度分布不均匀性的摩擦时间依从CA模型[J].地震2,001,21(2):22-28.
[5]Main I G.Statistical physics,seismogensis and seismic hazard[J].Rev.Geophys,1996,104(B3):4 755-4 768.
[6]Mogi K.Study of elastic shocks caused by the fracture heterogeneous materials and its relation to the earthquake phenomena[J].Bull Earthquake Res Inst,Univ Tokoy,19624,0:1-31.
[7]焦明若,唐春安,张国民,等.细观非均匀性对岩石破裂过程和微震序列类型影响的数值实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):659-666.
[8]唐春安,刘红元,秦四清,等.非均匀性对岩石介质中裂纹扩展模式的影响[J].地球物理学报,20004,3(1):116-120.
[9]Bak P,Tang C,Wiesenfeld K.Earthquake as a self-organized critical phenomenon[J].J.Geophs.Res.,1989,94(B11):15 635-15 637.
[10]刘桂萍,傅征祥,刘杰.地震活动性的细胞自动机模型[J].西北地震学报1,995,17(2):20-25.
[11]高原,刘昭君.细胞自动机多重分形特征和动力学含义[J].西北地震学报1,995,17(4):61-69.
[12]Steacy S J,Mc Clskey J.What controls an earthquakes size?-Results from a heterogeneous celluar automaton[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1998,133:11-14.
[13]刘杰,刘桂萍,李丽,等.基于大陆地震活动特点建立的简化动力学模型———细胞自动机模型[J].地震,1999,19(3):230-238.
[14]Castellaro S,Mulargia F.What criticality in cellular automata models of earthquake?[J].Geophys.J.Int.,20021,50:483-493.
[15]刘桂萍,傅征祥,刘杰.摩擦时间依从的地震活动性细胞自动机模型[J].地球物理学报,2000.43(2):204-211.
[16]朱守彪,蔡永恩,刘杰,等.利用三维细胞自动机模拟地震活动性[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(2):206-210.
[17]李锰,杨峰.结构非均匀性理论模型的关联维描述[J].内陆地震2,010,24(3):193-198.
[18]李平恩,殷有泉.地震不稳定性的一个简单模型[J].中国地震2,009,25(3):265-273.
[19]李锰,杨峰,胡伟华.利用非均匀细胞自动机模拟震级与应力降关系[J].地震2,011,31(2):129-136.
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