中国隧道及井巷地震波法超前探测技术研究分析
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摘要
自20世纪90年代以来,反射地震波法作为一种主要的超前探测技术在我国国内隧道及井巷工程中取得了诸多成功应用的探测实例,同时在应用中不同探测方法也存在不少问题。文章结合国内外超前探测中应用较为广泛的TSP法、负视速度法、HSP法、TRT法、ISIS系统等反射波探测技术加以阐明,分析了国内超前探测技术应用与研究的现状,指出隧道及井巷超前探测数据采集与处理过程中存在的不足,并进一步提出超前探测研究在正反演理论、数据采集、偏移成像技术等方面应该注意的问题,超前探测的目标是要建立和完善一套实时的巷道前方地质体的动态监测与预报系统。
The detection and forecast for geological structure ahead of the tunnel and laneway is a very difficult problem in the world.Many applied researches based on the method of the seismic reflection wave have been done in our country from 1990,and many successful practical examples are obtained.At the same time,the detecting methods also have different problems.The main methods using reflection wave principle for forward prediction in the word include different forms,such as TSP,negative watching velocity,HSP,TRT,ISIS,and landsonar method,and so on.This article illustrates briefly the principle of different methods,and analyzes the status-quo of application and research of the forward prediction technology in China.The existing shortage in data collecting and processing of forward prediction ahead of tunnel and laneway is pointed out.The authors believe that the researches of the forward model and inversion theory,data collecting system in 3D complex space,migration imaging technology,etc,should be concerned in forward prediction and forecast.The aim of forward prediction is to establish and consummate the dynamic system of real time watching and forecasting for geological structures ahead of tunnel and laneway.
The detection and forecast for geological structure ahead of the tunnel and laneway is a very difficult problem in the world.Many applied researches based on the method of the seismic reflection wave have been done in our country from 1990,and many successful practical examples are obtained.At the same time,the detecting methods also have different problems.The main methods using reflection wave principle for forward prediction in the word include different forms,such as TSP,negative watching velocity,HSP,TRT,ISIS,and landsonar method,and so on.This article illustrates briefly the principle of different methods,and analyzes the status-quo of application and research of the forward prediction technology in China.The existing shortage in data collecting and processing of forward prediction ahead of tunnel and laneway is pointed out.The authors believe that the researches of the forward model and inversion theory,data collecting system in 3D complex space,migration imaging technology,etc,should be concerned in forward prediction and forecast.The aim of forward prediction is to establish and consummate the dynamic system of real time watching and forecasting for geological structures ahead of tunnel and laneway.
引文
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[11]Jun Matsush ima,Yasukun i Okubo,Shu ich i Rokugawa,et al.Seism ic reflector imaging by prestack tim e m igration in the Kak-konda geothermal field,Japan[J].Geotherm ics,2003,32:79-99.
[12]Jon F C laerbout.Imaging the Earth's Interior[M].Geophysics D e-partm ent Stanford Un iversity,1984.
[2]Zhong Hongwei,Zhao L ing.Analysis of status-quo of forward pre-d iction technology of Ch inese tunnel works[J].People's YangtzeRive,r 2004,35(9):15-19.[钟宏伟,赵凌.我国隧道工程超前预报技术现状分析[J].人民长江,2004,35(9):15-19.]
[3]W ang Q iren.Progress in the geophysical exploration research onunderground geological hazards[J].Progress in Geophysic,s 2004,19(3):497-503.[王齐仁.地下地质灾害地球物理探测研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):497-503.]
[4]AmbergM easuring Techn ique Ltd.Comparison of Various TunnelGeological Forecast Techn iques[M].2003.
[5]L iu Zh igang,L iu X iufeng.TSP application and developm ent intunnel lead forecast[J].Chinese Journal ofRock M echanics andEngineering,2003,22(8):1 399-1 402.[刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP(隧道地震勘探)在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1 399-1 402.]
[6]He Zhenq i,L i Hai,L iang Yanzhong.Geological super-lead ingforecast during tunnel construction by utilizing seism ic response a-nalysis m ethod[J].Journal ofRailway Engineering Society,2000,(4):81-85.[何振起,李海,梁颜忠.利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,(4):81-85.]
[7]Zeng Zhaohuang.Pred iction ahead of the tunnel face by the seis-m ic reflection m ethods[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1994,37(2):268-271.[曾昭璜.隧道地震反射法超前预报[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):268-271.]
[8]Inazak i T,IsahaiH,Kawamura S,et a.l Stepw ise application ofhorizontal seism ic profiling for tunnel pred iction ahead of the face[J].The Leading Edge Decem ber,1999,18(12):1 429-1 431.
[9]O tto R,Button E A,B retterebner,et a.l The application of TRT(true reflection tomography)at the unterwald tunnel[J].Fels-bau,2002,20(2):51-56.
[10]Borm G,G iese R,K lose C,et a.l ISIS-integrated Seism ic Ima-ging System for the Geological Pred iction Ahead of UndergroundConstruction[C].Norway:Eage 65 th Conference and Exh ib ition,2003.
[11]Jun Matsush ima,Yasukun i Okubo,Shu ich i Rokugawa,et al.Seism ic reflector imaging by prestack tim e m igration in the Kak-konda geothermal field,Japan[J].Geotherm ics,2003,32:79-99.
[12]Jon F C laerbout.Imaging the Earth's Interior[M].Geophysics D e-partm ent Stanford Un iversity,1984.
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