1738年青海玉树地震考证及其与2010年玉树7.1级地震关系探讨
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摘要
2010年4月14日在青海玉树发生的Ms7.1级地震造成了严重的人员伤亡和重大的财产损失.根据现场考察结果,本次地震形成了长约51 km的地震地表破裂带,性质为左旋走滑,最大水平位错约1.8 m,其发震断裂为甘孜玉树断裂的玉树段.在此之前,于1738年12月23日前在玉树附近还发生过另外一次大地震,造成全户伤亡无存或不堪成户的达56户,被伤157户.现行地震目录将其震级确定为6(1/2)级.本文通过对地震史料的考证研究,结合历史地震形变带特征分析,认为本次地震的震级可达7(1/2)级左右,发震断裂为甘孜玉树断裂的玉树段和当江段的组合破裂,而2010年玉树7.1级地震仅是其中的玉树段再次破裂的结果,因此,其西侧的当江段具有再次破裂活动的较大危险性.
An earthquake occurred in Yushu of Qinghai Province with Ms 7.1 on April 14,2010.This earthquake caused lots of people dead or injured and serious property loss.According to the field investigation,there was about 51 km rupture by left-lateral strike-slip faulting.The largest horizontal offset is about 1.8 m and the Yushu segment of Ganzi-Yushu active fault is the causative structure.There was another large earthquake occurred in Yushu nearby before December 23,1738 A.D.and caused about 56 family members dead or couldn't be a whole family again,about 157 family members serious injured.The magnitude of this earthquake is about 6 1/2 drawn from the present earthquake catalogs.The basis of textual research on the historical earthquake data and the features of historical rupture,we definitely suggest that the magnitude of this earthquake in 1738 A.D.reaches about 7 1/2,and the causative structure is the combination of Dangjiang and Yushu two segments of the Ganzi-Yushu active fault.But the earthquake of Ms 7.1 in 2010 is only the result of Yushu single segment rupturing.So the western Dangjaing segment has high risk to rupture again in the future.
An earthquake occurred in Yushu of Qinghai Province with Ms 7.1 on April 14,2010.This earthquake caused lots of people dead or injured and serious property loss.According to the field investigation,there was about 51 km rupture by left-lateral strike-slip faulting.The largest horizontal offset is about 1.8 m and the Yushu segment of Ganzi-Yushu active fault is the causative structure.There was another large earthquake occurred in Yushu nearby before December 23,1738 A.D.and caused about 56 family members dead or couldn't be a whole family again,about 157 family members serious injured.The magnitude of this earthquake is about 6 1/2 drawn from the present earthquake catalogs.The basis of textual research on the historical earthquake data and the features of historical rupture,we definitely suggest that the magnitude of this earthquake in 1738 A.D.reaches about 7 1/2,and the causative structure is the combination of Dangjiang and Yushu two segments of the Ganzi-Yushu active fault.But the earthquake of Ms 7.1 in 2010 is only the result of Yushu single segment rupturing.So the western Dangjaing segment has high risk to rupture again in the future.
引文
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[14]李闽峰,刑成起,蔡长星,等.玉树断裂活动性研究[J].地震地质,1995,17(3):218-224. Li M F,Xing C Q,Cai C X,et al.Research on activity of Yushu fault[J].Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995, 17(3):218-224,
[2]国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.277-278. Department of Earthquake Disaster Prevention,State Seismological Bureau.Historical strong earthquakes catalogue in China(in Chinese)[M].Beijng:Seismological Press,1995. 277-278.
[3]谢毓寿,蔡美彪.中国地震历史资料汇编(第三卷下)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.547-549. Xie Y S,Cai M B.Collection of historical earthquake data in China(Volume 3 down)(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987,547-549.
[4]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.陕甘宁青四省(区)强地震目录[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,1985.44. Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,State Seismological Bureau. Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Shaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai Provinces and Ningxia Autonomous Region(in Chinese)[M]. Xi'an:Shaanxi Scientific and Technological Press,1985.44.
[5]周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,等.甘孜-玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计[J].地震地质,1997,19(2):115-124. Zhou R J,Wen X Z,Cai C X,et al.Recent earthquakes and assessment seismic tendency on the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone[J]. Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1997,19(2):115-124.
[6]闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):199-208. Wen X Z,Xu X W,Zheng R Z,et al.Average slip-rate and recent large earthquake ruptures along the Ganzi-Yushu fault [J].Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33 (Suppl):276-288.
[7]中国地震局,中国第一历史档案馆.明清宫藏地震档案(上卷壹)[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.216-219. China Earthquake Administration.Seismic archives kept in palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties,the first historical archives in China(Upper volume 1)(in Chinese).Beijing,Seismical Press,2005.216-219.
[8]顾功叙主编.中国地震目录(公元前1831-1969年)[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.128-129. GU G X.Earthquakes catalogue in China(1831 B.C.-1969 A. D.)(in Chinese)]M].Beijing:Science Press,1983.128-129.
[9]玉树藏族自治州地方志编纂委员会.玉树藏族自治州志[M].西安:三秦出版社,2005,102,832-834. Compiling Committee of Annals of Yushu State.Annals of Yushu State(in Chinese)[M].Xi'an:San Qin Press,2005, 102:832-834.
[10]青海省志编纂委员会.青海省民政志[M].安徽:黄山出版社, 1998. Compiling Committee of Annals of Qinghai Province.Annals of civil administration of Qinghai Province(in Chinese)[M]. Anhui:Huangshan Press,1998.
[11]彭华,马秀敏,白嘉启.甘孜玉树断裂带第四纪活动特征[J].地质力学学报,2007,12(3):295-304. Peng H,Ma X M,Bai J Q.Characteristics of Quaternary activities of the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone[J].Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),2007,12(3):295-304.
[12]中国地震局地震现场应急工作队.玉树7.1级地震断层地表破裂带和地质灾害调查报告[OI].中国地震信息网(http:///www.cea.gov.cn,2010年4月24日,中国地震局震灾应急救援司). The working group of earthquake emergency of China Earthquake Administration.The investigate report of Ms7.1 Yushu earthquake ruptures and geological disasters(http:/// www.cea.gov.cn,April 24,2010)[OL].
[13]邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究[C].见:邓起东主编.活动断裂研究理论与应用(2).北京:地震出版社,1992,247-264. Deng Q D,Yu G H,Ye W H.Research on the relationship between parameters of seismic rupture and magnitude(in Chinese).Main edited by Deng Qidong,Active fault research 2.Beijing:Seismological Press,1992,247-264.
[14]李闽峰,刑成起,蔡长星,等.玉树断裂活动性研究[J].地震地质,1995,17(3):218-224. Li M F,Xing C Q,Cai C X,et al.Research on activity of Yushu fault[J].Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995, 17(3):218-224,
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