东秦岭二郎坪群中火山成因块状硫化物矿床地质地球化学特征及其成因讨论
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摘要
二郎坪群是东秦岭造山带重要的组成部分,其火山建造中广泛发育有火山成因块状硫化物(VMS)矿床。文章总结并分析了南阳盆地东、西两侧二郎坪群中3个典型矿床(刘山岩、水洞岭和上庄坪)的研究资料,把二郎坪群VMS矿床分为3类:Zn-Cu型矿床(刘山岩矿床);Zn-Cu型与Zn-Pb-Cu型矿床(水洞岭矿床);Zn-Pb-Cu型矿床(上庄坪矿床)。从刘山岩矿床到水洞岭矿床,再到上庄坪矿床,铜的含量减少,铅的含量增多。二郎坪群VMS矿床矿石富集LREE、Ce负异常及Eu正异常,说明矿床为热液成因。石英和重晶石中流体包裹体的氢氧同位素特征表明,成矿流体主要来自建造水,南阳盆地以西,矿床成矿流体中伴有较多古大气降水。矿石的硫同位素特征说明,二郎坪群VMS矿床中的硫可能为地幔岩浆硫和海水硫的混合硫。围岩与矿石的铅同位素组成基本一致,说明矿石和围岩可能来源于相似的物源区,成矿元素主要来源于地幔或下地壳深源物质,而水洞岭矿床明显有上地壳浅源物质的混染。研究表明,南阳盆地以西的水洞岭和上庄坪矿床可能形成于大陆边缘海环境,盆地规模较小,受陆源物质影响较大;而南阳盆地以东的刘山岩矿床可能形成于远洋盆地,盆地到达成熟阶段。用地震泵模式可解释二郎坪群VMS矿床的成因机制。
The Er’langping Group is an important component part of the Qinling orogenic belt. Massive sulfide deposits are widespread in volcanic rocks of Er’langping Group.Typical deposits include Liushanyan,Shuidongling and Shangzhuangping.Geological characteristics and geochemical data are summarized and interpreted in detail in this paper. Liushanyan hosts Zn-Cu VMS deposit, Shuidongling hosts Zn-Cu and Zn-Pb-Cu VMS deposit, and Shangzhangping hosts Zn-Pb-Cu VMS deposit. From Liushanyan through Shuidongling to Shangzhuangping, the content of copper gradually decreases, whereas that of lead increases. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns with enriched LREE, weak negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies indicate a hydrothermal genesis. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of ore fluids in quartz and barite inclusions suggests that the ore-forming solution was on the whole derived from formation water, but mainly from meteoric water in the west of Nanyang basin. The low δ34S values (1.70‰ ～7.70‰) imply that the source of sulfides might have been derived from a mixed mantle and seawater sulfur source. Lead isotopic composition is fairly homogeneous, and is mainly located between the mantle and the orogenic belt in the lead isotopic plumbotectonics model. Copper, zinc and iron were derived directly from the magmatic fluid whereas lead was leached from terrigenous and pelagic sediments by hydrothermal fluid. The Shuidongling lead isotope suggests that the main source was the mantle, mixed with lead from the upper crust. The deposits (Shuidongling and Shangzhuangping) to the west of Nanyang basin were formed in a continental margin environment, affected by the input of terrigenous components. The deposits (such as Liushanyan) to the east of Nanyang basin, however, were formed in the pelagic ocean basin. The seismic pump model interprets the genesis of Er'langping Group VMS deposit. The authors have summarized the space-time distribution regu1arity and prospecting criteria for mineral deposits, holding that there exists great potential resources in Er'langping terrain.
The Er’langping Group is an important component part of the Qinling orogenic belt. Massive sulfide deposits are widespread in volcanic rocks of Er’langping Group.Typical deposits include Liushanyan,Shuidongling and Shangzhuangping.Geological characteristics and geochemical data are summarized and interpreted in detail in this paper. Liushanyan hosts Zn-Cu VMS deposit, Shuidongling hosts Zn-Cu and Zn-Pb-Cu VMS deposit, and Shangzhangping hosts Zn-Pb-Cu VMS deposit. From Liushanyan through Shuidongling to Shangzhuangping, the content of copper gradually decreases, whereas that of lead increases. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns with enriched LREE, weak negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies indicate a hydrothermal genesis. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of ore fluids in quartz and barite inclusions suggests that the ore-forming solution was on the whole derived from formation water, but mainly from meteoric water in the west of Nanyang basin. The low δ34S values (1.70‰ ～7.70‰) imply that the source of sulfides might have been derived from a mixed mantle and seawater sulfur source. Lead isotopic composition is fairly homogeneous, and is mainly located between the mantle and the orogenic belt in the lead isotopic plumbotectonics model. Copper, zinc and iron were derived directly from the magmatic fluid whereas lead was leached from terrigenous and pelagic sediments by hydrothermal fluid. The Shuidongling lead isotope suggests that the main source was the mantle, mixed with lead from the upper crust. The deposits (Shuidongling and Shangzhuangping) to the west of Nanyang basin were formed in a continental margin environment, affected by the input of terrigenous components. The deposits (such as Liushanyan) to the east of Nanyang basin, however, were formed in the pelagic ocean basin. The seismic pump model interprets the genesis of Er'langping Group VMS deposit. The authors have summarized the space-time distribution regu1arity and prospecting criteria for mineral deposits, holding that there exists great potential resources in Er'langping terrain.
引文
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Ge J.2003.Sulfur and lead isotopic geochemistry of Shuidongling cop-per-zinc deposit and ore-forming mechanism[J].Geology of Chemi-cal Minerals,25(4):213~218(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
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Wang D Hand Chen Y C.2001.A preli minary study on the metallo-genic series type of Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn ore deposits related to submarinevolcanismandits origin[J].Mineral Deposits,20(2):112~118(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Zhang J Y and Wang Z K.2003.The ore exploration and genesis ofShuidongling zinc-copper deposit in Nanzhao,Henan Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China,22(Supp.):75~80(in Chinesewith English abstract).
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Ge J.2003.Sulfur and lead isotopic geochemistry of Shuidongling cop-per-zinc deposit and ore-forming mechanism[J].Geology of Chemi-cal Minerals,25(4):213~218(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Hou Z Q,Han F,Xia L Q,Zhang Q L,Qu X M,Li Z Q,Bie F L,Wang L Q,Yu J J and Tang S H.2003.Hydrothermal svstemsand metallogeny onthe modemand ancient sea-floor,case study onsome VMS deposits[M].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House.423p(inChinese).
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Hutchinson R W,Fyfe WS and Kerrich R.1980.Deep fluid penetra-tion and ore deposition[J].Minerals Science Engineering,12:107~120.
Jiang C Y,Su S R,Zhang Z F,Yang Z Hand Zhao T P.1995.Ques-tioning and re-understanding the composition of and North Chinaplates[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press(in Chinese).
Jin S W.1994.Discussions on Er’langping Group[J].Henan Geology,12(1):36~40(in Chinese with English abstract).
Klinkharnmer GP,Elderfield Hand Mitra A.1994.Geochemical i mpli-cations of rare earth element patterns in hydrothermal fluids frommid-ocean ridges[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,58:5105~5133.
Large R R.1992.Australian volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits:features,styles,and genetic models[J].Econ.Geol.,87:471~510.
Li Y L,Zhang G Wand Song C Z.1998.Characteristics of bidirectional subduction of Er’langping back-arc basin in the East Qinling[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,4(3):286~293(inChinese with English abstract).
Lydon J W.1984.Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits,Part I:a de-scriptive model[J].Geoscience Canada,11:195~202.
Ohmoto H.1996.Formation of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits:The Kuroko perspective[J].Ore Geology Reviews,10:135~177.
Peng Y,Yan C H,Wan S Q,Ma H Wand Zhao RJ.2005.Geological-Geochemical characteristics of the Liushanyan massive sulfide de-posit in the eastern Qinling Mountains[J].Geological Review,51(5):550~557(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sakai H,des Marais DJ,Ueda Aand Moore J G.1984.Concentrationsand isotope ratios of carbon,nitrogen and sulfur in ocean-floorbasalts[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,48:2433~2441.
Song F.2000.Vocanogenic massive sulfide deposits within the Er’lang-ping ophiolite,East Qinling Mountain[J].Geology and MineralResources of South China,1:63~68(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Song X X,Zhang J K,Xu Q S and Cao Y W.1993.Geochemistry ofminor elements andrare earth elements of the Baiyinchang Cu-poly-mentallic ore field,Gansu Province[J].Mineral Deposits,12(4):308~317(in Chinese with English abstract).
Stacey J and Hedlund D C.1983.Lead-isotope compositions of diverseigneous rocks and ore deposits fromsouthwestem New Mexico andtheir i mplicationsfor early Proterozoic crustal evolutioninthe west-ern United States[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,94:43~57.
Sun S S and McDonough WF.1989.Chemical andisotopic systematicsof oceanic basalts i mplications for mantle composition and process[A].In:Saunders A D and Nony MJ,ed.Magmatismin theocean basin[C].Geological Society Special Publication.42:313~354.
Sun Y,Lu X X,Han S,Zhang G Wand Yang S X.1996.Compositionand formation of Paleozoic Er’langping ophiolitic slab,North Qin-ling:Evidencefromgeology and geochemistry[J].Sciencein China(Series D),39(Supp.):50~59(in Chinese).
Wang D Hand Chen Y C.2001.A preli minary study on the metallo-genic series type of Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn ore deposits related to submarinevolcanismandits origin[J].Mineral Deposits,20(2):112~118(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang X R,Hua Hand Sun Y.1995.Astudy on microfossils of the Er’langping Groupin Wantan area Xixia County,Henan Province[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),25(4):353~358(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei CS,Yang Z Zand Zhan MG.2002.Fluidinclusions of the copper-zinc type massive sulfide deposit in Liushanyan,Henan Province[J].Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,2:47~53(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei C S,Yang Z Q,Fu J M,Wei J Qand Zhang Y M.2004.Originand palaeotectonic setting of Liushanyan copper-zinc deposit in Tongbai,Henan Province[J].Geological Science and TechnologyInformation,23(2):25~30(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yan C H,Peng Y,Liu G Y,Feng S B and Zhao RJ.2007.The geo-chemical characteristics of thermal sedi mentary siliciferous rocks inEr’langping Group of East Qinling Range,China[J].GeologicalBulletin of China,26(5):560~566(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Yang R Y,Xu Z W,Ren QJ,Guo J C and Lu X C.1996.The typeand metallogenic conditions of Shuidongling zinc-copper deposit inNanzhao,Henan Province[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Uni-versitatis Sunyatseni,35(4):95~100(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Zartman R E and Doe B R.1981.Plumbotectonics-the model[J].Tectonophysics,75:35~162.
Zhang G W,Meng Q R,Yu Z P,Sun Y,Zhou D Wand Guo A L.1996.The orogenic process and tectonic evolution in the QinlingOrogen[J].Science in China(Series D),26:193~200(in Chi-nese).
Zhang J Y and Wang Z K.2003.The ore exploration and genesis ofShuidongling zinc-copper deposit in Nanzhao,Henan Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China,22(Supp.):75~80(in Chinesewith English abstract).
陈建立.2004.二郎坪群海相火山岩中块状硫化物矿床地质特征及其找矿方向[J].地质与勘探,6:38~41.
高联达,王宗起,王涛,闰全人,闰臻,李秋根.2006.河南西峡地区二郎坪群火神庙组中发现泥盆纪孢子化石[J].地质通报,25(11):1287~1294.
葛军.2003.水洞岭铜锌矿床硫、铅同位素地球化学特征及成矿机理探讨[J].化工矿产地质,25(4):213~218.
侯增谦,韩发,夏林圻,张绮玲,曲晓明,李振清,别风雷,王立全,余金杰,唐绍华.2003.现代与古代海底热水成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社.1~423.
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