大地震与陆地下沉灾害综述
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摘要
从早期传说、水下遗迹、历史记载、现代测量等多个方面对中外历史上的大地震造成的陆地下沉灾害进行了综述,说明大地震与陆地下沉有非常密切的联系;并指出这种灾害现象有以下几个主要特点:①下沉主要发生在地震过程中;②下沉最严重的地区位于震中区;③越大的地震下沉区规模越大,可达上千乃至上万平方公里。根据这些特点判断,这种下沉应该属于地壳构造运动。
Early legends,underwater relics,historical documents and modern measurements of land subsidence due to great earthquakes in history at home and abroad are reviewed.It is indicated that land subsidence is closely related to great earthquakes.Such kind of subsidence disaster is of flowing characteristics.The first,land subsidence occurs mainly during the seismic process.The second,the most severe subsidence takes place in epicentral area.And the third,the greater the earthquake is,the larger the subsidence area will be,which can be as large as thousands of square kilometers.From these characteristics,it is thought that this kind of subsidence is due to crustal tectonic movement.
Early legends,underwater relics,historical documents and modern measurements of land subsidence due to great earthquakes in history at home and abroad are reviewed.It is indicated that land subsidence is closely related to great earthquakes.Such kind of subsidence disaster is of flowing characteristics.The first,land subsidence occurs mainly during the seismic process.The second,the most severe subsidence takes place in epicentral area.And the third,the greater the earthquake is,the larger the subsidence area will be,which can be as large as thousands of square kilometers.From these characteristics,it is thought that this kind of subsidence is due to crustal tectonic movement.
引文
①FRANCK GODDIO SOCIETY Homepage.Franck Goddio and his team[EB/OL].http://www.underwaterdiscovery.org/
②Holly Davis.The Mysteries Archive Hidden Mysteries:Menouthis and Herakleion[EB/OL].http://www.hiddenmysteries.org/mysteries/reports/menouthis.html
①Atilla Ansal,Jean-Pierre Bardet,Jonathan Bray.Initial Geotechnical Observations of the August 17,1999,Izmit Earthquake(A Report of theTurkey-US Geotechnical Reconnaissance Team)[EB/OL].[1999-09-03].
②USGS.Tsunamis and Earthquakes——The 26 December2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami:Initial Findings from Sumatra[EB/OL].[2005-05-31].http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatra05/subsidence.html.
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[19]张祖胜.地形变背景与异常分析[M]//国家地震局编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社,1982:131-170.
[20]邱泽华,马瑾,刘国玺.新发现的唐山地震大断层[J].地震地质,2005,27(4):669-677.
[21]Chang C P,Wang,C T,Chang,T Y,et al.Application ofSAR interferometry to a large thrust deformation:the 1999 M-w=7.6 Chichi earthquake in central Taiwan[J].GeophysicalJournal International,2004,159:9-16.
[22]张虎男,赵希涛.雷琼地区新构造运动特征[J].地质科学,1984,19(3):276-286.
②Holly Davis.The Mysteries Archive Hidden Mysteries:Menouthis and Herakleion[EB/OL].http://www.hiddenmysteries.org/mysteries/reports/menouthis.html
①Atilla Ansal,Jean-Pierre Bardet,Jonathan Bray.Initial Geotechnical Observations of the August 17,1999,Izmit Earthquake(A Report of theTurkey-US Geotechnical Reconnaissance Team)[EB/OL].[1999-09-03].
②USGS.Tsunamis and Earthquakes——The 26 December2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami:Initial Findings from Sumatra[EB/OL].[2005-05-31].http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatra05/subsidence.html.
[1]Mikio Tobita,Hisashi Suito,Tetsuro Imakiire,et al.Outline ofvertical displacement of the 2004 and 2005 Sumatra earthquakesrevealed by satellite radar imagery[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:1-4.
[2]小林英夫.地质学发展史[M].刘兴义,刘肇生译.北京:地质出版社,1983:16.
[3]Lyell,C.地质学原理(第一册)[M].徐韦曼译.北京:科学出版社,1959:20.
[4]Howell B F.地震学史[M].柳百琪译.北京:地震出版社,1998:5.
[5]陈敏.央视拍《南澳岛寻宝》“沉东京浮南澳”传说引关注[N].汕头都市报,2006-12-16.
[6]南澳县地方志编纂委员会编.南澳县志[M].北京:中华书局出版,2000.
[7]柏拉图.《对话》七篇[M].戴子钦译.辽宁:辽宁教育出版社,1998:162.
[8]庆松光雄.1605年(明.万历39年)海南岛大地震[J].地震(日),1953,6(2):1-6.
[9]陈恩民,黄咏茵.1605年海南岛琼州大地震及其发震构造的初步探讨[J].地震地质,1979,1(4):37-44.
[10]姚梅尹.1605年琼山地震考[J].华南地震,1984,4(3):32-37.
[11]杨玉林,时振梁.1605年琼山地震的历史记载[C]//海南岛北部地震研究文集.北京:地震出版社,1988:246-248.
[12]郭钦华,丁原章.1605年琼山地震的烈度问题[C]//海南岛北部地震研究文集.北京:地震出版社,1988:249-258.
[13]徐起浩.琼北东寨港地区的近期下沉[J].海洋科学,1986,10(1):24-28.
[14]郭增建,马宗晋,林伟凡,等.中国特大地震研究(一)[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[15]Hodgson J H.漫谈地震[M].中国科学院技术情报研究所译.北京:中国工业出版社,1966:36.
[16]Bolt B A.地震九讲[M].马杏垣译.北京:地震出版社,2000:9.
[17]陈绍绪.前兆观测[C]//河北省地震局,一九六六年邢台地震.北京:地震出版社,1986:158-167.
[18]卢造勋.辽南地区的深部构造异常与海城7.3级地震[M]//马宗晋.大陆多震层研究.北京:地震出版社,1992:110-120.
[19]张祖胜.地形变背景与异常分析[M]//国家地震局编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社,1982:131-170.
[20]邱泽华,马瑾,刘国玺.新发现的唐山地震大断层[J].地震地质,2005,27(4):669-677.
[21]Chang C P,Wang,C T,Chang,T Y,et al.Application ofSAR interferometry to a large thrust deformation:the 1999 M-w=7.6 Chichi earthquake in central Taiwan[J].GeophysicalJournal International,2004,159:9-16.
[22]张虎男,赵希涛.雷琼地区新构造运动特征[J].地质科学,1984,19(3):276-286.
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