突发性灾害中的公众恐惧心理及其应急管理研究
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摘要
突发性灾害给社会造成了重大的财产损失和人员伤亡,使人们经历了巨大的恐惧心理过程。本文以汶川特大地震的实际调研数据为例,研究了突发性灾害中不同人群的恐惧心理及其主要影响因素,分析了不同受灾区域中风险感知、无助感和恐惧心理对公众心理健康水平的影响程度,并基于研究成果提出了突发性灾害中公众恐惧心理的应急管理政策建议。
A sudden disaster not only produces significant casualties and economic losses to the damaged areas,but also generates tremendous fear.Taking Wenchuan earthquake as an example,this paper conducts an analysis regarding the differences of fear in different population and the main factors of public fear in an emergency disaster based on survey data from the severely damaged areas.It also analyzes the impacts of risk perception,helplessness and fear on psychological health in different affected areas.Finally,it points out some effective suggestions for the emergency management of public fear in sudden disasters.
A sudden disaster not only produces significant casualties and economic losses to the damaged areas,but also generates tremendous fear.Taking Wenchuan earthquake as an example,this paper conducts an analysis regarding the differences of fear in different population and the main factors of public fear in an emergency disaster based on survey data from the severely damaged areas.It also analyzes the impacts of risk perception,helplessness and fear on psychological health in different affected areas.Finally,it points out some effective suggestions for the emergency management of public fear in sudden disasters.
引文
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[8]Karairmak O,Aydin G.Reducing Earthquake-Related Fearsi n Victim and Nonvictim Children[J].The Journal of GeneticP sychology,2008,169(2):177-185.
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[11]Slovic P.The Perception of Risk[M].London:Earthscan,2000.
[12]贾建民,李华强,范春梅,等.汶川地震重灾区与非重灾区公众风险感知对比分析[J].管理评论,2008,20(12):4-8.
[13]Graziano A M,Degiovanni I S,Garcia K A.Behavioral Treatm ent of ChildrensFears:A Review[J].Psychological Bullet in,1979,86(4):804-830.
[14]Kozak M J,Miller G A.Hypothetical Constructs Versus Interv ening Variables:A Re-appraisal of the Three-systemsM odel of Anxiety Assessment[J].Behavioral Assessment,1982,4:347-358.
[15]Lang P J.Fear Reduction and Fear Behavior:Problems inT reating a Construct[C]//Shlien J M.Research in Psychot herapy.Washington,DC:American Psychological Associat ion,1968:90-102.
[16]Lipp O V.Human Fear Learning:Contemporary Proceduresa nd Measuremen[tC]//Craske M G,Hermans D,Vansteenw egen D.Fear and Learning:From basic Processes to Clinic al Implications.Washington,DC:American PsychologicalA ssociation,2006:37-52.
[17]Ohman A,Mineka S.Fears,Phobias,and Preparedness:Tow ard an Evolved Module of Fear and Fear Learning[J].Psyc hological Review,2001,108(3):483-522.
[18]时勘,范红霞,贾建民,等.我国公众对SARS信息的风险感知及心理行为[J].心理学报,2003(4):546-554.
[19]Goldberg D P.Manual of the General Health Questionnaire[M].Windsor:NFER-Nelson,1978.
[20]Bamber J H.The Fears of Adolescents[J].Journal of Geneti c Psychology,1974,125(1):127-140.
[21]Gullone E,King N J.Three Year Follow-up of Normal Feari n Children and Adolescents Aged7to18Years[J].BritishJ ournal of Developmental Psychology,1997,15(1):97-111.
[22]Croake J W,Knox F H.The Changing Nature of Children’sF ears[J].Child Study Journal,1973,3(2):91-105.
[2]Morris R J,Kratochwill T R.Treating Children’s Fears andP hobias:A Behavioral Approach[M].New York:Pergamo n,1983.
[3]Gullone E.The Development of Normal Fear:A Century ofR esearch[J].Clinical Psychology Review,2000,20(4):429-451.
[4]Gullone E.Developmental Psychopathology and Normal Fear[J].Behaviour Change,1996,13(3):143-155.
[5]Basoglu M,Salcmogu E,Livanou M.Traumatic Stress Res ponses in Earthquake Survivors in Turkey[J].Journal ofT raumatic Stress,2002,15(4):269-276.
[6]Eisen A R,Kearney C A.Practioner’s Guide to Treating Feara nd Anxiety in Children and Adolescents:A Cognitive Behavi oral Approach[M].Northvale,NJ:Jason Aronson,1995.
[7]Armfield J M.Cognitive Vulnerability:A Model of the Etiolog y of Fear[J].Clinical Psychology Review,2006,26(6):746-768.
[8]Karairmak O,Aydin G.Reducing Earthquake-Related Fearsi n Victim and Nonvictim Children[J].The Journal of GeneticP sychology,2008,169(2):177-185.
[9]Craske M G,Zarate R,Burton T,et al.Specific Fears and Pani c Attacks:A Survey of Clinical and Nonclinical Samples[J].J ournal of Anxiety Disorders,1993,7(1):1-19.
[10]Zvolensky M J,Eifert G H,Lejuez C W,et al.Assessing theP erceived Predictability of Anxiety-related Events:A Rep ort on the Perceived Predictability Index[J].Journal of Beh avior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,2000,31(3/4):201-218.
[11]Slovic P.The Perception of Risk[M].London:Earthscan,2000.
[12]贾建民,李华强,范春梅,等.汶川地震重灾区与非重灾区公众风险感知对比分析[J].管理评论,2008,20(12):4-8.
[13]Graziano A M,Degiovanni I S,Garcia K A.Behavioral Treatm ent of ChildrensFears:A Review[J].Psychological Bullet in,1979,86(4):804-830.
[14]Kozak M J,Miller G A.Hypothetical Constructs Versus Interv ening Variables:A Re-appraisal of the Three-systemsM odel of Anxiety Assessment[J].Behavioral Assessment,1982,4:347-358.
[15]Lang P J.Fear Reduction and Fear Behavior:Problems inT reating a Construct[C]//Shlien J M.Research in Psychot herapy.Washington,DC:American Psychological Associat ion,1968:90-102.
[16]Lipp O V.Human Fear Learning:Contemporary Proceduresa nd Measuremen[tC]//Craske M G,Hermans D,Vansteenw egen D.Fear and Learning:From basic Processes to Clinic al Implications.Washington,DC:American PsychologicalA ssociation,2006:37-52.
[17]Ohman A,Mineka S.Fears,Phobias,and Preparedness:Tow ard an Evolved Module of Fear and Fear Learning[J].Psyc hological Review,2001,108(3):483-522.
[18]时勘,范红霞,贾建民,等.我国公众对SARS信息的风险感知及心理行为[J].心理学报,2003(4):546-554.
[19]Goldberg D P.Manual of the General Health Questionnaire[M].Windsor:NFER-Nelson,1978.
[20]Bamber J H.The Fears of Adolescents[J].Journal of Geneti c Psychology,1974,125(1):127-140.
[21]Gullone E,King N J.Three Year Follow-up of Normal Feari n Children and Adolescents Aged7to18Years[J].BritishJ ournal of Developmental Psychology,1997,15(1):97-111.
[22]Croake J W,Knox F H.The Changing Nature of Children’sF ears[J].Child Study Journal,1973,3(2):91-105.
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