汶川地震四川省卫生应急救援成效分析
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摘要
目的本文旨在通过全面系统总结和反思汶川地震中四川省医疗卫生应急救援的经验和教训,为今后各类巨灾的卫生应急救援提供决策参考。方法收集、整理、分析各类统计数据、专报、座谈会资料和相关评估报告,采取头脑风暴法、问卷法等方法进行分析。结果①迅速组建省抗震救灾指挥部医疗保障组,在极短时间内建立部省间、部门间、军地间协调机制,有力、有序、有效开展卫生应急救援行动。②水陆空三进,"黄金72小时"内实现3.58万名医疗救援人员大集结和重灾县医疗救援全覆盖,采取"四集中"、"伤员大转移"等有效措施,尽最大努力抢救伤员、降低死亡率和致残率。③坚持早期、科学、规范,狠抓防病重点环节,灾后两周实现乡、村和灾民安置点卫生防疫工作全覆盖,确保灾后无疫情发生。④全力组织灾区医疗物资保障供应,做到科学快捷、透明公开,实现单月的药品器械调配量达到平常一年总用量。⑤分两阶段推进灾区医疗卫生功能恢复和重建,10月中旬实现灾区医疗救治、疾病防控和监督执法所必需的仪器设备基本恢复到震前水平。结论在特大地震灾害面前,四川省卫生应急反应迅速、指挥有力、科学防控、攻坚克难,取得了抗震救灾卫生应急救援的阶段性成果。深刻反思存在的不足,在应对巨灾方面还需从卫生应急救援体系建设和能力提升、医药物资储备和队伍装备、学科建设和预案完善等方面进一步加强和提高。
Objective To systematically and thoughtfully summarize the experience and lessons of emergency medical rescue during the Wenchuan earthquake in order toprovide relevant evidence to inform decision making for future emergency medical situations.Methods The relevant data was collected and analyzed through brainstorming and questionnaire.Result ①The Sichuan province Headquarters for Earthquake Disaster Relief was organized at the first time after the earthquake,and a coordination mechanism was established between the national ministry and Sichuan,as well as different departments and the army,to ensure the powerful,ordered,and effective action for the medical rescue.② Thirty-five thousand eight-hundred medical rescue workers were organized within 72 hours of the earthquake and were sent to all the worst-hit counties via land,water,and air.Some effective measures such as "Four concentration" and "Transfer of wounded patients" were used to reduce the mortality and disability of the wounded patients.③ The anti-epidemic measures were performed across all the villages and settlements of the people affected by the earthquake to ensure no recurrence of public health events during the first two weeks after the quake.④ Medical resources were organized scientifically and transparently to meet the demand of medical rescue.⑤ The recovery and re-establishment of medical services were promoted by two phases.Conclusion The emergency medical rescue of those affected by the earthquake in the Sichuan Province is succesful.In the future,we should establish an effective emergency medical rescue system,supply the reserve of medical resources,improve the equipment of medical rescue teams,strengthen the establishment of discipline of disaster medicine,and improve the emergency pre-plan.
Objective To systematically and thoughtfully summarize the experience and lessons of emergency medical rescue during the Wenchuan earthquake in order toprovide relevant evidence to inform decision making for future emergency medical situations.Methods The relevant data was collected and analyzed through brainstorming and questionnaire.Result ①The Sichuan province Headquarters for Earthquake Disaster Relief was organized at the first time after the earthquake,and a coordination mechanism was established between the national ministry and Sichuan,as well as different departments and the army,to ensure the powerful,ordered,and effective action for the medical rescue.② Thirty-five thousand eight-hundred medical rescue workers were organized within 72 hours of the earthquake and were sent to all the worst-hit counties via land,water,and air.Some effective measures such as "Four concentration" and "Transfer of wounded patients" were used to reduce the mortality and disability of the wounded patients.③ The anti-epidemic measures were performed across all the villages and settlements of the people affected by the earthquake to ensure no recurrence of public health events during the first two weeks after the quake.④ Medical resources were organized scientifically and transparently to meet the demand of medical rescue.⑤ The recovery and re-establishment of medical services were promoted by two phases.Conclusion The emergency medical rescue of those affected by the earthquake in the Sichuan Province is succesful.In the future,we should establish an effective emergency medical rescue system,supply the reserve of medical resources,improve the equipment of medical rescue teams,strengthen the establishment of discipline of disaster medicine,and improve the emergency pre-plan.
引文
1《四川卫生年鉴》编纂委员会.四川卫生年鉴.成都:西南交通大学出版社,2008.
2代小舟,沈骥,赵万华,等.汶川大地震四川省医疗救治阶段工作纪实.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(10):797-802.
3徐健康,邓兴广,李华,等.汶川地震四川省医用物资保障工作情况——2008年5月12日至9月15日.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):905-912.
2代小舟,沈骥,赵万华,等.汶川大地震四川省医疗救治阶段工作纪实.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(10):797-802.
3徐健康,邓兴广,李华,等.汶川地震四川省医用物资保障工作情况——2008年5月12日至9月15日.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):905-912.
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