海陆地震联测:相邻地震台站的信号及震相特征对比
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摘要
2004年作者在香港外海域进行了一次海陆地震联测实验,文章利用此次实验中的两个相邻固定台站珠海台和澳门台所记录的气枪信号数据,从波形、波谱特性和震相等方面分析了相邻地震台站对气枪信号的响应特征。结果显示,来自不同距离处的地震波波形和波谱特征在同一台站上变化不大,但在不同台站上的响应有所差别,珠海台受背景噪声影响更为强烈,其信号波形扰动大,具有较多高频成分,优势频率响应比较尖锐,而澳门台响应则比较平缓。对研究区下方速度结构进行了二维结构模拟,分析了台站附近速度结构对地震波到时的影响。珠海台PmP震相走时相对滞后,由于深圳断裂带穿过两台站之间,其引起的花岗岩基底破碎或上地壳厚度的差异都可能导致珠海台基底地震波速度的降低,这可能也是引起两台站对相同震源信号具有不同波形及波谱响应的因素之一。
Based on the 2004 data recorded by two permanent seismic stations in Zhuhai and Macao that are adjacent to each other,we studied the characteristics of the seismic wave produced by the air-gun in the onshore-offshore deep seismic ex-periment near Hong Kong.We carried out comparative study on the waveform,spectrum character,and the travel time of dif-ferent seismic phases.The results show that characteristics of the seismic waveform that came from different distances were similar at a single station but had some variation between the two stations.The noise had a stronger influence on the signal received by the Zhuhai station,which resulted in serious disturbance and more high-frequency components on the signal wave-form.The frequency response had a relatively sharp edge at the Zhuhai station but more moderate at the Macao station.We also obtained the laterally homogeneous 2-D models analyzed how different crust structures influence the time that the seismic wave travels.The PmP phase at the Zhuhai station traveled more slowly than that at the Macao station.We suggest that the fragmenta-tion of the granite basis and different thickness of the upper crust caused by the Shenzhen Fault may lead to the slower crustal seismic velocity,which is also considered to have caused the different waveform and frequency responses at the two stations.
Based on the 2004 data recorded by two permanent seismic stations in Zhuhai and Macao that are adjacent to each other,we studied the characteristics of the seismic wave produced by the air-gun in the onshore-offshore deep seismic ex-periment near Hong Kong.We carried out comparative study on the waveform,spectrum character,and the travel time of dif-ferent seismic phases.The results show that characteristics of the seismic waveform that came from different distances were similar at a single station but had some variation between the two stations.The noise had a stronger influence on the signal received by the Zhuhai station,which resulted in serious disturbance and more high-frequency components on the signal wave-form.The frequency response had a relatively sharp edge at the Zhuhai station but more moderate at the Macao station.We also obtained the laterally homogeneous 2-D models analyzed how different crust structures influence the time that the seismic wave travels.The PmP phase at the Zhuhai station traveled more slowly than that at the Macao station.We suggest that the fragmenta-tion of the granite basis and different thickness of the upper crust caused by the Shenzhen Fault may lead to the slower crustal seismic velocity,which is also considered to have caused the different waveform and frequency responses at the two stations.
引文
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[20]黄玉昆,陈家杰,夏法,等.珠海市区域稳定性的构造分析[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,1991,30(2):131-139.
[21]陈挺光.深圳断裂带基本特征及其现今活动性[J].广东地质,1989,4(1):51-61.
[22]孙杰,贾建业,詹文欢,等.深圳断裂带构造活动性分析[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(3):234-240.
[23]NAZARETH J J,CLAYTON R W.Crustal structure of the Borderland-Continent Transition Zone of southern California adjacent to Los Angeles[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B8):2404.
[24]MCINTOSH K,NAKAMURA Y,WANG T K,et al.Crustal-scale seismic profiles across Taiwan and the western Philippine Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2005,401:481-488.
[25]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231-236.
[26]CHENG W B,WANG C,SHYU C T,et al.Crustal structure of the convergent plate-boundary zone,eastern Taiwan,as-sessed by seismic tomography[J].Geological Society of America Special Paper,2002,358:161-176.
[2]陈,朱日祥.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(5):485-489.
[3]陈浩林,全海燕,於国平,等.气枪震源理论与技术综述:上[J].物探装备,2008,18(5):300-308,312.
[4]陈浩林,全海燕,於国平,等.气枪震源理论与技术综述:下[J].物探装备,2008,18(4):211-217.
[5]杨光亮,朱元清.气枪震源深部探测子波模拟[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6):91-95.
[6]朱书阶.气枪震源子波特征及应用研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(4):265-269.
[7]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红,等.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2):558-565.
[8]林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.大容量气枪震源特征及地震波传播的震相分析[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):206-212.
[9]吕金水,叶春明,黄剑涛,等.广东数字遥测地震台网的建设[J].华南地震,2000,20(4):2-15.
[10]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港与珠三角地区海陆联合地震探测的数据处理[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(1):35-38.
[11]赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原,等.南海东北部海陆联测地震数据处理及初步结果[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(1):58-63.
[12]郝春月,郑重.兰州台阵勘址测点的功率谱估计与分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(3):53-58.
[13]张少泉,杨懋源,郭建民,等.深井观测地震波的研究[J].中国地震,1992,8(1):83-94.
[14]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港地区海陆地震联测及深部地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1389-1397.
[15]ZELT CA,SMITH R B.Seismic traveltime inversion for 2-D crustal velocity structure[J].Geophysical Journal Interna-tional,1992,108:16-34.
[16]曾新雄,王万华.低台地花岗岩残积土表层硬壳层的评价与利用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(2):378-381.
[17]任镇寰,任奔滔,罗振暖,等.南海北缘北东东向构造活动性研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1996,16(2):27-35.
[18]钟建强,聂颂平.珠江三角洲的活动断裂与区域稳定性分析[J].热带海洋,1991,10(4):29-36.
[19]陈伟光.珠江三角洲及其邻近海域第四纪地质与地震危险性[J].华南地震,1998,18(2):58-62.
[20]黄玉昆,陈家杰,夏法,等.珠海市区域稳定性的构造分析[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,1991,30(2):131-139.
[21]陈挺光.深圳断裂带基本特征及其现今活动性[J].广东地质,1989,4(1):51-61.
[22]孙杰,贾建业,詹文欢,等.深圳断裂带构造活动性分析[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(3):234-240.
[23]NAZARETH J J,CLAYTON R W.Crustal structure of the Borderland-Continent Transition Zone of southern California adjacent to Los Angeles[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B8):2404.
[24]MCINTOSH K,NAKAMURA Y,WANG T K,et al.Crustal-scale seismic profiles across Taiwan and the western Philippine Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2005,401:481-488.
[25]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231-236.
[26]CHENG W B,WANG C,SHYU C T,et al.Crustal structure of the convergent plate-boundary zone,eastern Taiwan,as-sessed by seismic tomography[J].Geological Society of America Special Paper,2002,358:161-176.
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